Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity

Amale Mcheik; Mohamad Fakih; Hussein Trabulsi; Joumana Toufaily; Taysir Hamieh; Evelyne Garnier-Zarli; Noureddine Bousserrhine

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity

Amale Mcheik, Mohamad Fakih, Hussein Trabulsi, Joumana Toufaily, Taysir Hamieh, Evelyne Garnier-Zarli, Noureddine Bousserrhine

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 18 April 2015 Accepted: 29 April 2015 Published: 12 May 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

During the discharge of metals in the aquatic environment, metals are partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases. Further partitioning of metals occurs within the sediment chemical fractions. The present study focuses on one of the middle eat rivers, Al-Ghadir which is the smallest and the most polluted and found in the most populated region in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to integrate hydrochemical and sediment data- in order to evaluate the distribution pattern of the pollution of Al-Ghadir River. Bed sediments and water were collected from five locations in one dry season (Octobre 2010) and analyzed for more than 40 parameters, including (i) those of the chemical and the physico-chemical nature and (ii) those reporting the pollution caused by the heavy metals partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases by applying a sequential chemical fractionation scheme to the <75 μm sieved sediment fraction. The quality of waters for different uses has been tested and the state of sediments pollution was evaluated by comparison with general quality standards. Data showed that the highest percentages of total metal content in sediment are for: Fe and Mn in the residual and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Cu in the oxidizable fraction, Cd and Zn in the carbonate and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Pb and Cr in the Fe/Mn oxides fraction. Based on the geoaccumulation indices (I geo), the river sediments are considered to be moderately polluted with the measured metals.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
Page(s)	162-172
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mobilization, Heavy Metals, Bed Sediments, Metal Pollution

References

[1]	Jurdi, M. (1992). ‘A National Study on the Quality of Potable Water in Lebanon’, in Proceedings of the National Workshop of the Status of Water in Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon: pp. 145–173(in Arabic).
[2]	Jurdi, M. (1998). Follow up National Environmental Surveillance, 1996, Unicef Publications, Beirut (in Arabic).
[3]	Khair, K.; Aker, N.; Haddad , F. ; Jurdi, M. and Hachach, A. (1994). The environmental impacts of humans on ground water in Lebanon’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 78: 37–49.
[4]	Sene, K..J.; Marsh, T.J. and Hachache, A. (1999). An assessment of the difficulties in quantifying the surface water resources of Lebanon. Hydrological Sci. J. 44 (1):79–96.
[5]	Korfali, S.I. and Davies, B.E. (2000). Total and extractable trace elements in Lebanese river sediments: dry season data. Environ. Geochem. Health 22: 265-273.
[6]	Chapman, D. (1992). Water Quality Assessments. University Press, Cambridge, UK.
[7]	Lewis, D.W. and McConchie, D.M. (1994). Analytical Sedimentology. Chapman and Hall, New York, USA.
[8]	APHA, AWWA, WEF. (1995). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association/America Water Works Association/ Water Environment Federation. Washington, DC.
[9]	Chapman ,H.D. (1991). Métodos de análisis de suelos, plantas y aguas. Mexico DC: Trillas Editor.
[10]	Danielson, R.E. & Sutherland, P.L. (1986). Porosity. In: A. Klute (Eds) Methods of soil analysis-Part1: Physical and mineralogical methods. Second Edition. SSSA Inc.z : 443-462.
[11]	Fytianos, K. & Lourantou, A. (2004). Speciation of elements in sediment samples collected at lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece. Environment International, 3: 11-17.
[12]	Tessier, A. ; Campell, P.G.C. & Bisson, M. (1979). Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of partition of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51: 844–851.
[13]	American Public Health Association (APHA). (1992). Métodos normalizados para el análisis de aguas potables y residuales, 17th edn. Madrid, Spain: Díaz de Santos Chapman, D., 1992.Water Quality Assessments. University Press, Cambridge, UK.
[14]	Rodier, J. (1981). Análisis de auas. Barcelona, Spain: Omega Printer
[15]	EEC. (1975). Directive 75/440/EEC. Require quality of superficial waters for production of drinking water. Off. J.Europ. Econ. Comm., No., L, 193 (16.06.75).
[16]	EEC. (1980). Directive 80/778/EEC. Quality of Waters destined for human consumption. Off. J. Europ. Econ. Comm., No.L, 229 (30.08.80).
[17]	Manahan, S.E. (1994). Environmenntal chemistry. USA: Lewis Public, CRC Rodier, J. (1981). Análisis de aguas. Barcelona, Spain: Omega Printer.
[18]	Hasalan, S.M. (1991). River pollution –An ecological perspective. Great Britain: Belhaven Lewis, D.W., McConchie, D.M., 1994.Analytical Sedimentology. Chapman and Hall, New York, USA.
[19]	Alexander, M. (1977). Introduction to soil microbiology. New-York: J. Wiley & Sons: 467.
[20]	Duchaufour, Ph. (1995). Pédologie – sol, végétation, environnement. Abrégés, 4ème édition. Masson: 324.
[21]	Cherier, G. (1991). Infiltration-percolation des eaux résiduaires. Thèse de doctorat, Sciences de l’eau, Université Paris VI: 129.
[22]	Singh, S.P.; Tack, F.M. & Verloo, M.G. (1998). Heavy metal fractionation and extractability in dredged sediment derived surface soils. Water, Air and soil Pollution, 102: 313-328.
[23]	Förstner, U. (1985). Chemical forms and reativities of metals in sediments. In Leschber, R., Davis, R. D. & L’Hermie, P. (Eds.), Chemical methods for assessing bioavailable metals in sludges and soils. London: Elsevier: 1-30.
[24]	Förstner, U. & Salomons, W. (1980). Trace metal analysis on polluted sediments. Part I: Assessment of sources and intensities. Environmental Technology Letters, 1: 494-505.
[25]	Salomons, W. and Förstner, U. (1984). Metals in the Hydrocycle. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
[26]	Piron, M.; Pineau, A. and Mabele, R.M. (1990). Sediment parameters and distribution of metals in fine sediments of the Loire esturary. Water, Air, Soil Poll. 50: 267-277.
[27]	Korfali, S.I. (1999). Metal concentrations in The Nahr-Ibrahim River, Lebanon, PhD. Thesis, University of Bradford, UK.
[28]	Gibbs, R.J. (1977). Transport phases of transition metals in the Amazon and Yukon rivers. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88: 829-843.
[29]	Guo, T.Z.; Delaune, R.D.; Patrick, W.V. (1997). The effect of sediment redox chemistry on solubility—chemically active forms of selected metals in bottom sediments receiving produced water discharge. Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. 4: 165–175.
[30]	Gambrell, R.P. (1994). Trace and toxic metals in wetlands–a review. J. Environ. Qual. 23: 883–891.
[31]	Samanidou, V. & Fytianos, K. (1987). Partitioning of heavy metals into selective chemical fractions in sediments from rivers in northern Greece. The Science of the Total Environment, 67: 279-285.
[32]	Pardo, R.; Barrado, E. and Castrillejo, Y. (1993). Study of the contents and speciation of heavy metals in river sediments by factor analysis. Analytical Letters, 26: 1719-1739.
[33]	Marin, B. ; Valladon, M. ; Polve, M. et al. (1997). A reproducibility testing of a sequential extraction scheme for the determination of trace metal speciation in a marine reference sediment by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytic Chimica Acta, 342: 91-112.
[34]	Pempkowiase, J. ; Sikora, A. & Biemacka, E. (1999). Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments vs. their bioaccumulation by Mussels. Chemosphere, 39(2): 313-321.
[35]	Reeder, R.J. (1996). Interaction of divalent cobalt, zinc, cadmium, and barium with the calcite surface during layer growth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60: 1543–1552.
[36]	Nilsson, O. and Sternbeck, J. (1999). A mechanistic model for calcite growth using surface speciation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63: 217–255.
[37]	Ianni, C.; Magi, E. ; Rivaro, P. and Ruggieri, N. (2000). Trace metals in Adriatic coastal sediments: distribution and speciation pattern. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 78: 73–92.
[38]	Ramos, L.; Hernandez, L.M. and Gonzalez, M.J. (1994). Sequential fractionation of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in soils from near Donana National Park. J. Environ. Qual. 23: 50–57.
[39]	O’Day, P.A.; Carrol, S.A. and Waychunas, G.A. (1998). Rock– water interactions, controlling zinc, cadmium and lead concentrations in surface waters and sediments, UST ri-state mining district. 1. Molecular identification using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32: 943–955.
[40]	Carrol, S.A.; O’Day, P.A. and Piechowski, M.P. (1998). Rock– water interactions, controlling zinc, cadmium and lead concentrations in surface waters and sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32: 956–965.
[41]	Stone, M. and Droppo, I.G. ( 1996). Distribution of lead, copper and zinc in size-fractionated river bed sediments in two agricultural catchments of southern Ontario, Canada. Environ. Pollut. 93: 353–362.
[42]	Baruah, N.K.; Kotoky, P.; Bhattcharyya, K.G. and Borah, G.C. (1996). Metal speciation in Jhanji river sediments. Sci. Total Environ. 193: 1–12.
[43]	Jones, B. and Turki, A. (1997). Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in surficial sediments from the Tees Estuary, Northeast England. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 34: 768–779.
[44]	Kļaviņš, M.; Briede, A.; Rodi, V.; Kokorite, I.; Parele, E. and Kļaviņš, I. (2000). Heavy metals in rivers of Latvia. Sci.Total Environ. 262:175–183.
[45]	Gonzalez, M.J. ; Ramos, L. ; Hernandez, L.M. (1994). Distribution of trace metals in sediments and relationship with their accumulation in earthworms. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 57:135–150.
[46]	Surija, B. and Branica, M. (1995). Distribution of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in carbonate sediments from Krka river estuary obtained by sequential extraction. Sci. Total Environ. 170: 101–11.
[47]	Ramesh, R. and Ronald, D. (2008). Biogeochemistry of Wetlands: Science and Applications: 442-467.
[48]	Mcheik, A.; Fakih, M.; Bousserrhine, N; Toufaily, J.; Garnier-Zarli, E. and Hamieh, T. (2013). Biomobilization of heavy metals from the sediments affect the bacterial population of Al-Ghadir River (Lebanon). Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.Vol. 2, No. 3:116-125.
[49]	Muller G. (1979). Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des rheins-Veranderungen seit. Umschau, 79: 778-783.
[50]	Turekian, K.K. and Wedepohl, K.. (1961). Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth’s crust. Bulletin of geological society of America. 72: 175-92.
[51]	Förstner, U.; Ahalf, W.; Calmano, W. and Kersten M. (1990). Sediment Criteria Development –Contributions from Environmental Geochemistry to Water Quality Management’, in: D. Heling, P. Rothe, U. Forstner and P. Stoffers (eds), Sediments and Environmental Geochemistry: Selected Aspects and Case Histories, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Hidelberg: 311-338.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Amale Mcheik, Mohamad Fakih, Hussein Trabulsi, Joumana Toufaily, Taysir Hamieh, et al. (2015). Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3), 162-172. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Amale Mcheik; Mohamad Fakih; Hussein Trabulsi; Joumana Toufaily; Taysir Hamieh, et al. Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3), 162-172. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Amale Mcheik, Mohamad Fakih, Hussein Trabulsi, Joumana Toufaily, Taysir Hamieh, et al. Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3):162-172. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18,
  author = {Amale Mcheik and Mohamad Fakih and Hussein Trabulsi and Joumana Toufaily and Taysir Hamieh and Evelyne Garnier-Zarli and Noureddine Bousserrhine},
  title = {Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {162-172},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150303.18},
  abstract = {During the discharge of metals in the aquatic environment, metals are partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases. Further partitioning of metals occurs within the sediment chemical fractions. The present study focuses on one of the middle eat rivers, Al-Ghadir which is the smallest and the most polluted and found in the most populated region in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to integrate hydrochemical and sediment data- in order to evaluate the distribution pattern of the pollution of Al-Ghadir River. Bed sediments and water were collected from five locations in one dry season (Octobre 2010) and analyzed for more than 40 parameters, including (i) those of the chemical and the physico-chemical nature and (ii) those reporting the pollution caused by the heavy metals partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases by applying a sequential chemical fractionation scheme to the <75 μm sieved sediment fraction. The quality of waters for different uses has been tested and the state of sediments pollution was evaluated by comparison with general quality standards. Data showed that the highest percentages of total metal content in sediment are for: Fe and Mn in the residual and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Cu in the oxidizable fraction, Cd and Zn in the carbonate and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Pb and Cr in the Fe/Mn oxides fraction. Based on the geoaccumulation indices (I geo), the river sediments are considered to be moderately polluted with the measured metals.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity
AU  - Amale Mcheik
AU  - Mohamad Fakih
AU  - Hussein Trabulsi
AU  - Joumana Toufaily
AU  - Taysir Hamieh
AU  - Evelyne Garnier-Zarli
AU  - Noureddine Bousserrhine
Y1  - 2015/05/12
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 162
EP  - 172
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
AB  - During the discharge of metals in the aquatic environment, metals are partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases. Further partitioning of metals occurs within the sediment chemical fractions. The present study focuses on one of the middle eat rivers, Al-Ghadir which is the smallest and the most polluted and found in the most populated region in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to integrate hydrochemical and sediment data- in order to evaluate the distribution pattern of the pollution of Al-Ghadir River. Bed sediments and water were collected from five locations in one dry season (Octobre 2010) and analyzed for more than 40 parameters, including (i) those of the chemical and the physico-chemical nature and (ii) those reporting the pollution caused by the heavy metals partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases by applying a sequential chemical fractionation scheme to the <75 μm sieved sediment fraction. The quality of waters for different uses has been tested and the state of sediments pollution was evaluated by comparison with general quality standards. Data showed that the highest percentages of total metal content in sediment are for: Fe and Mn in the residual and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Cu in the oxidizable fraction, Cd and Zn in the carbonate and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Pb and Cr in the Fe/Mn oxides fraction. Based on the geoaccumulation indices (I geo), the river sediments are considered to be moderately polluted with the measured metals.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Amale Mcheik

Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Ecology of continental regions (IBIOS – BIOEMCO), Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Paris-Est University, Creteil, France
Mohamad Fakih

Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), Department of Chemistry, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
Hussein Trabulsi

Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
Joumana Toufaily

Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), Department of Chemistry, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
Taysir Hamieh

Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), Department of Chemistry, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
Evelyne Garnier-Zarli

Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Ecology of continental regions (IBIOS – BIOEMCO), Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Paris-Est University, Creteil, France
Noureddine Bousserrhine

Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Ecology of continental regions (IBIOS – BIOEMCO), Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Paris-Est University, Creteil, France

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Amale Mcheik, Mohamad Fakih, Hussein Trabulsi, Joumana Toufaily, Taysir Hamieh, et al. (2015). Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3), 162-172. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Amale Mcheik; Mohamad Fakih; Hussein Trabulsi; Joumana Toufaily; Taysir Hamieh, et al. Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3), 162-172. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Amale Mcheik, Mohamad Fakih, Hussein Trabulsi, Joumana Toufaily, Taysir Hamieh, et al. Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3):162-172. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18,
  author = {Amale Mcheik and Mohamad Fakih and Hussein Trabulsi and Joumana Toufaily and Taysir Hamieh and Evelyne Garnier-Zarli and Noureddine Bousserrhine},
  title = {Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {162-172},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150303.18},
  abstract = {During the discharge of metals in the aquatic environment, metals are partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases. Further partitioning of metals occurs within the sediment chemical fractions. The present study focuses on one of the middle eat rivers, Al-Ghadir which is the smallest and the most polluted and found in the most populated region in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to integrate hydrochemical and sediment data- in order to evaluate the distribution pattern of the pollution of Al-Ghadir River. Bed sediments and water were collected from five locations in one dry season (Octobre 2010) and analyzed for more than 40 parameters, including (i) those of the chemical and the physico-chemical nature and (ii) those reporting the pollution caused by the heavy metals partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases by applying a sequential chemical fractionation scheme to the <75 μm sieved sediment fraction. The quality of waters for different uses has been tested and the state of sediments pollution was evaluated by comparison with general quality standards. Data showed that the highest percentages of total metal content in sediment are for: Fe and Mn in the residual and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Cu in the oxidizable fraction, Cd and Zn in the carbonate and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Pb and Cr in the Fe/Mn oxides fraction. Based on the geoaccumulation indices (I geo), the river sediments are considered to be moderately polluted with the measured metals.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediment and Water in Al-Ghadir River: Role of Continuously Released Organic Matter and Carbonate and Their Purification Capacity
AU  - Amale Mcheik
AU  - Mohamad Fakih
AU  - Hussein Trabulsi
AU  - Joumana Toufaily
AU  - Taysir Hamieh
AU  - Evelyne Garnier-Zarli
AU  - Noureddine Bousserrhine
Y1  - 2015/05/12
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 162
EP  - 172
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.18
AB  - During the discharge of metals in the aquatic environment, metals are partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases. Further partitioning of metals occurs within the sediment chemical fractions. The present study focuses on one of the middle eat rivers, Al-Ghadir which is the smallest and the most polluted and found in the most populated region in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to integrate hydrochemical and sediment data- in order to evaluate the distribution pattern of the pollution of Al-Ghadir River. Bed sediments and water were collected from five locations in one dry season (Octobre 2010) and analyzed for more than 40 parameters, including (i) those of the chemical and the physico-chemical nature and (ii) those reporting the pollution caused by the heavy metals partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases by applying a sequential chemical fractionation scheme to the <75 μm sieved sediment fraction. The quality of waters for different uses has been tested and the state of sediments pollution was evaluated by comparison with general quality standards. Data showed that the highest percentages of total metal content in sediment are for: Fe and Mn in the residual and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Cu in the oxidizable fraction, Cd and Zn in the carbonate and in the Fe/Mn oxides fractions, Pb and Cr in the Fe/Mn oxides fraction. Based on the geoaccumulation indices (I geo), the river sediments are considered to be moderately polluted with the measured metals.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download