Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India

Krunal Kalbende

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India

Krunal Kalbende

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 21 May 2015 Accepted: 28 May 2015 Published: 9 June 2015

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Abstract

The Carbon Capture and Storage Technology (CCS) provides a veritable platform to bridge the gap between the seemingly irreconcilable twin global challenges of ensuring a secure, reliable and diversified energy supply and mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. Making its proper regulatory policy and making it flexible for the government and private company by law to regulate, also exploring the opportunity in this sector is the main aim of this paper. India's total annual emissions were 1725 Mt CO2 in 2011, which comprises of 6% of total global emission [1]. It is very important to control the greenhouse gas emission for the environment protection. This paper discusses the various regulatory policy and technology adopted by some of the countries for successful using CCS technology. The brief geology of sedimentary basins in India is studied, ranging from the category I to category IV and deep-water and potential for mature technology in CCS is reviewed. Areas not suitable for CO2 storage using presently mature technologies were overviewed. CCS and Clean development mechanism was advised for India, considering the various aspects from research and development, project appraisal, approval and validation, implementation, monitoring and verification, carbon credit issued, cap and trade system and its storage potential. The opportunities in oil and gas operations, power sector, and transport sector were discussed briefly.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22
Page(s)	198-204
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carbon Credit Issued, Cap and Trade System, Carbon Capture and Storage Technology, Greenhouse Gas

References

[1]	India Green File, December 1 to 31, 2012 No. 300 published by Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi- 110062.
[2]	Joseph A. Aldy & R. Stavins, The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and Experience.Journal of Environment and Development 21(2) 2012: 152-180.
[3]	G. Marland, T. Boland and R.J. Andres (2007), National CO2 http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/emissions/ind.dat Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture and Gas Flaring: 1751-2004.
[4]	http://co2now.org/
[5]	Juliette Addison et al, Carbon Sequestration in Climate Change: A Guide to Carbon Law and Practice (Paul Q. Watchman (ed.), London: Globe Business Publishing Ltd, 2008) pp. 287-288.
[6]	Olawuyi Damilola Sunday, Enlisting Carbondioxide Capture and Storage as a Clean Development Mechanism Project: Legal and Regulatory Issues Considered 2006, p.11
[7]	Singh, A. K., Mendhe, V. A and Garg, A. (2006). “CO2 sequestration potential of geological formations in India”. 8th International Con- ference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. Trondheim, Norway.
[8]	[IEA, Legal Aspects of Storing CO2: Updates and Recommendations, 2007 p. 20 available at https://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2007/legal_aspects.pdf (last visited on 18 May, 2015). All new coal fired power plants built in the EU after 2020 are required to include CCS or be capture ready.
[9]	Kate Robertson, Jette Findsen, Steve Messner, International Carbon Capture and Storage Projects Overcoming Legal Barriers DOE/NETL-2006/1236, June 23, 2006 in a Communication with Geo-Energy and Geo-Information Division, TNO Norway, June 2006.
[10]	Barrow Island Act 2003 (WA) Section 13, available at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_act/bia2003145/s13.html (last visited on 18 May, 2015).
[11]	IEAGHG, A regional assessment of the potential for CO2 storage in the Indian subcontinent. IEAGHG R&D Programme Report, IEAGHG R&D Programme, Cheltenham, 2008.
[12]	IEA GHG (2007). CO2 Capture Ready Plants. IEAGHG R&D Pro- gramme Report 2007/4. Cheltenham, UK, International Energy Agen- cy Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme.
[13]	Singh, A.K., Mendhe, V., Garg, A., 2006, “CO 2 sequestration potential of geological formations in India”, 8th International confer- ence on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-8, Trondheim, Norway, June 19-22, 2006.
[14]	P.S. Norman, Evaluation of the Barapukuria coal deposit, NW Bangladesh. In: Case Histories and Methods in Mineral Resource Evaluation (A.E. Annels, ed.). Geological Society Special Publication 63, 107-120.
[15]	A. Mondal, Gondwana Basins in India – Vast Geologic Storage Sites for CO2 injection. Proceedings of the International Workshop on R&D Challenges in Carbon Capture and Storage Technology for Sustainable Energy Future, January 12-13 2007, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
[16]	Robert N. Stavins, “Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments.” In Handbook of Environmental Economics, vol. I, ed. Karl-Göran Mäler and Jeffrey Vincent, 355-435. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2003.

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APA Style

Krunal Kalbende. (2015). Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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ACS Style

Krunal Kalbende. Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3), 198-204. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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AMA Style

Krunal Kalbende. Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3):198-204. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22,
  author = {Krunal Kalbende},
  title = {Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {198-204},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150303.22},
  abstract = {The Carbon Capture and Storage Technology (CCS) provides a veritable platform to bridge the gap between the seemingly irreconcilable twin global challenges of ensuring a secure, reliable and diversified energy supply and mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. Making its proper regulatory policy and making it flexible for the government and private company by law to regulate, also exploring the opportunity in this sector is the main aim of this paper. India's total annual emissions were 1725 Mt CO2 in 2011, which comprises of 6% of total global emission [1]. It is very important to control the greenhouse gas emission for the environment protection. This paper discusses the various regulatory policy and technology adopted by some of the countries for successful using CCS technology. The brief geology of sedimentary basins in India is studied, ranging from the category I to category IV and deep-water and potential for mature technology in CCS is reviewed. Areas not suitable for CO2 storage using presently mature technologies were overviewed. CCS and Clean development mechanism was advised for India, considering the various aspects from research and development, project appraisal, approval and validation, implementation, monitoring and verification, carbon credit issued, cap and trade system and its storage potential. The opportunities in oil and gas operations, power sector, and transport sector were discussed briefly.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India
AU  - Krunal Kalbende
Y1  - 2015/06/09
PY  - 2015
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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AB  - The Carbon Capture and Storage Technology (CCS) provides a veritable platform to bridge the gap between the seemingly irreconcilable twin global challenges of ensuring a secure, reliable and diversified energy supply and mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. Making its proper regulatory policy and making it flexible for the government and private company by law to regulate, also exploring the opportunity in this sector is the main aim of this paper. India's total annual emissions were 1725 Mt CO2 in 2011, which comprises of 6% of total global emission [1]. It is very important to control the greenhouse gas emission for the environment protection. This paper discusses the various regulatory policy and technology adopted by some of the countries for successful using CCS technology. The brief geology of sedimentary basins in India is studied, ranging from the category I to category IV and deep-water and potential for mature technology in CCS is reviewed. Areas not suitable for CO2 storage using presently mature technologies were overviewed. CCS and Clean development mechanism was advised for India, considering the various aspects from research and development, project appraisal, approval and validation, implementation, monitoring and verification, carbon credit issued, cap and trade system and its storage potential. The opportunities in oil and gas operations, power sector, and transport sector were discussed briefly.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Krunal Kalbende

Dept of Geology and Geophysics, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

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APA Style

Krunal Kalbende. (2015). Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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ACS Style

Krunal Kalbende. Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3), 198-204. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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AMA Style

Krunal Kalbende. Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3):198-204. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22,
  author = {Krunal Kalbende},
  title = {Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {198-204},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150303.22},
  abstract = {The Carbon Capture and Storage Technology (CCS) provides a veritable platform to bridge the gap between the seemingly irreconcilable twin global challenges of ensuring a secure, reliable and diversified energy supply and mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. Making its proper regulatory policy and making it flexible for the government and private company by law to regulate, also exploring the opportunity in this sector is the main aim of this paper. India's total annual emissions were 1725 Mt CO2 in 2011, which comprises of 6% of total global emission [1]. It is very important to control the greenhouse gas emission for the environment protection. This paper discusses the various regulatory policy and technology adopted by some of the countries for successful using CCS technology. The brief geology of sedimentary basins in India is studied, ranging from the category I to category IV and deep-water and potential for mature technology in CCS is reviewed. Areas not suitable for CO2 storage using presently mature technologies were overviewed. CCS and Clean development mechanism was advised for India, considering the various aspects from research and development, project appraisal, approval and validation, implementation, monitoring and verification, carbon credit issued, cap and trade system and its storage potential. The opportunities in oil and gas operations, power sector, and transport sector were discussed briefly.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carbon Capture and Storage in Geological Formation; Its Legal, Regulatory Imperatives and Opportunities in India
AU  - Krunal Kalbende
Y1  - 2015/06/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 198
EP  - 204
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.22
AB  - The Carbon Capture and Storage Technology (CCS) provides a veritable platform to bridge the gap between the seemingly irreconcilable twin global challenges of ensuring a secure, reliable and diversified energy supply and mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. Making its proper regulatory policy and making it flexible for the government and private company by law to regulate, also exploring the opportunity in this sector is the main aim of this paper. India's total annual emissions were 1725 Mt CO2 in 2011, which comprises of 6% of total global emission [1]. It is very important to control the greenhouse gas emission for the environment protection. This paper discusses the various regulatory policy and technology adopted by some of the countries for successful using CCS technology. The brief geology of sedimentary basins in India is studied, ranging from the category I to category IV and deep-water and potential for mature technology in CCS is reviewed. Areas not suitable for CO2 storage using presently mature technologies were overviewed. CCS and Clean development mechanism was advised for India, considering the various aspects from research and development, project appraisal, approval and validation, implementation, monitoring and verification, carbon credit issued, cap and trade system and its storage potential. The opportunities in oil and gas operations, power sector, and transport sector were discussed briefly.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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