Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania

Josephat Alexander Saria

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania

Josephat Alexander Saria

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 17 October 2015 Accepted: 26 October 2015 Published: 13 November 2015

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Abstract

In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
Page(s)	304-311
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adaptation, Climate Change, Perception, Smallholder Farmers, Nachingwea

References

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APA Style

Josephat Alexander Saria. (2015). Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(5), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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ACS Style

Josephat Alexander Saria. Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(5), 304-311. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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AMA Style

Josephat Alexander Saria. Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(5):304-311. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20,
  author = {Josephat Alexander Saria},
  title = {Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {304-311},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150305.20},
  abstract = {In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania
AU  - Josephat Alexander Saria
Y1  - 2015/11/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 304
EP  - 311
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
AB  - In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Josephat Alexander Saria

Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, the Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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APA Style

Josephat Alexander Saria. (2015). Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(5), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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ACS Style

Josephat Alexander Saria. Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(5), 304-311. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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AMA Style

Josephat Alexander Saria. Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(5):304-311. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20,
  author = {Josephat Alexander Saria},
  title = {Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {304-311},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150305.20},
  abstract = {In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania
AU  - Josephat Alexander Saria
Y1  - 2015/11/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 304
EP  - 311
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
AB  - In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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