Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt

Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi; Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal; Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim; Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt

Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi, Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal, Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 5 January 2017 Accepted: 16 January 2017 Published: 16 February 2017

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine and assessment of some heavy metals content (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Pb) in the sediment of Lake Edku. Surface sediment samples were collected in September (summer) 2016. The metals content in the Lake sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Cr >Co >Zn > Cu >Ni= Pb. The range and average ±SD concentrations (µgg^-1) of the investigated heavy metals were 30275-43312 (38822±4312) for Fe; 781.8-3432 (1923.6±855) for Mn; 53.8-107 (82.5 ± 18) for Zn; 55.2-91.5(72.3 ± 13) for Cu;87.3-158.8(113.1 ± 24) for Cr; 23.0-63.3(45.0 ± 13.0) for Ni; 81.5-117.8(98.9±11.0) for Co and 32.9 – 55.2 (44.6 ± 8.0) for Pb. The enrichment factor of the study area (EF mean values) have the order of EF_Co > EF_Mn >EF_Pb > EF_Cu >EF_Cr >EF_Zn >EF_Ni. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo classification), the study area may be practically unpolluted with Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr (Igeo ranged from -2.15 to -0.41) along the study area. On the other hand, the Igeo of Co ranged from moderately to strongly pollutedarea. In addition, a lower degree of pollution was found in the sediments by the other heavy metals; Pb and Cu (unpolluted to moderate). The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated that station IX was characterized by low level of PLI with value of 1.25 while the other stations (ranged from 1.50 to 1.67).

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sediment, Heavy Metals, Lake Edku, Enrichment Factor

References

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Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi, Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal, Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah. (2017). Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi; Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal; Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim; Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah. Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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AMA Style

Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi, Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal, Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah. Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11,
  author = {Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi and Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal and Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim and Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah},
  title = {Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170501.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine and assessment of some heavy metals content (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Pb) in the sediment of Lake Edku. Surface sediment samples were collected in September (summer) 2016. The metals content in the Lake sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Cr >Co >Zn > Cu >Ni= Pb. The range and average ±SD concentrations (µgg-1) of the investigated heavy metals were 30275-43312 (38822±4312) for Fe; 781.8-3432 (1923.6±855) for Mn; 53.8-107 (82.5 ± 18) for Zn; 55.2-91.5(72.3 ± 13) for Cu;87.3-158.8(113.1 ± 24) for Cr; 23.0-63.3(45.0 ± 13.0) for Ni; 81.5-117.8(98.9±11.0) for Co and 32.9 – 55.2 (44.6 ± 8.0) for Pb. The enrichment factor of the study area (EF mean values) have the order of EFCo > EFMn >EFPb > EFCu >EFCr >EFZn >EFNi. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo classification), the study area may be practically unpolluted with Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr (Igeo ranged from -2.15 to -0.41) along the study area. On the other hand, the Igeo of Co ranged from moderately to strongly pollutedarea. In addition, a lower degree of pollution was found in the sediments by the other heavy metals; Pb and Cu (unpolluted to moderate). The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated that station IX was characterized by low level of PLI with value of 1.25 while the other stations (ranged from 1.50 to 1.67).},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt
AU  - Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi
AU  - Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal
AU  - Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim
AU  - Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah
Y1  - 2017/02/16
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine and assessment of some heavy metals content (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Pb) in the sediment of Lake Edku. Surface sediment samples were collected in September (summer) 2016. The metals content in the Lake sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Cr >Co >Zn > Cu >Ni= Pb. The range and average ±SD concentrations (µgg-1) of the investigated heavy metals were 30275-43312 (38822±4312) for Fe; 781.8-3432 (1923.6±855) for Mn; 53.8-107 (82.5 ± 18) for Zn; 55.2-91.5(72.3 ± 13) for Cu;87.3-158.8(113.1 ± 24) for Cr; 23.0-63.3(45.0 ± 13.0) for Ni; 81.5-117.8(98.9±11.0) for Co and 32.9 – 55.2 (44.6 ± 8.0) for Pb. The enrichment factor of the study area (EF mean values) have the order of EFCo > EFMn >EFPb > EFCu >EFCr >EFZn >EFNi. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo classification), the study area may be practically unpolluted with Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr (Igeo ranged from -2.15 to -0.41) along the study area. On the other hand, the Igeo of Co ranged from moderately to strongly pollutedarea. In addition, a lower degree of pollution was found in the sediments by the other heavy metals; Pb and Cu (unpolluted to moderate). The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated that station IX was characterized by low level of PLI with value of 1.25 while the other stations (ranged from 1.50 to 1.67).
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi

High Institute in Jerpoly Area, Tripoli, Libya
Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal

Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim

Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah

National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Kayet Bay, Alexandria, Egypt

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Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi, Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal, Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah. (2017). Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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ACS Style

Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi; Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal; Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim; Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah. Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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AMA Style

Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi, Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal, Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah. Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11,
  author = {Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi and Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal and Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim and Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah},
  title = {Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170501.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine and assessment of some heavy metals content (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Pb) in the sediment of Lake Edku. Surface sediment samples were collected in September (summer) 2016. The metals content in the Lake sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Cr >Co >Zn > Cu >Ni= Pb. The range and average ±SD concentrations (µgg-1) of the investigated heavy metals were 30275-43312 (38822±4312) for Fe; 781.8-3432 (1923.6±855) for Mn; 53.8-107 (82.5 ± 18) for Zn; 55.2-91.5(72.3 ± 13) for Cu;87.3-158.8(113.1 ± 24) for Cr; 23.0-63.3(45.0 ± 13.0) for Ni; 81.5-117.8(98.9±11.0) for Co and 32.9 – 55.2 (44.6 ± 8.0) for Pb. The enrichment factor of the study area (EF mean values) have the order of EFCo > EFMn >EFPb > EFCu >EFCr >EFZn >EFNi. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo classification), the study area may be practically unpolluted with Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr (Igeo ranged from -2.15 to -0.41) along the study area. On the other hand, the Igeo of Co ranged from moderately to strongly pollutedarea. In addition, a lower degree of pollution was found in the sediments by the other heavy metals; Pb and Cu (unpolluted to moderate). The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated that station IX was characterized by low level of PLI with value of 1.25 while the other stations (ranged from 1.50 to 1.67).},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt
AU  - Yousef Ahmed Annaas Waheshi
AU  - Maie Ibrahim El-Gammal
AU  - Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim
AU  - Mohamed Abdel Aziz Okbah
Y1  - 2017/02/16
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170501.11
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine and assessment of some heavy metals content (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Pb) in the sediment of Lake Edku. Surface sediment samples were collected in September (summer) 2016. The metals content in the Lake sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Cr >Co >Zn > Cu >Ni= Pb. The range and average ±SD concentrations (µgg-1) of the investigated heavy metals were 30275-43312 (38822±4312) for Fe; 781.8-3432 (1923.6±855) for Mn; 53.8-107 (82.5 ± 18) for Zn; 55.2-91.5(72.3 ± 13) for Cu;87.3-158.8(113.1 ± 24) for Cr; 23.0-63.3(45.0 ± 13.0) for Ni; 81.5-117.8(98.9±11.0) for Co and 32.9 – 55.2 (44.6 ± 8.0) for Pb. The enrichment factor of the study area (EF mean values) have the order of EFCo > EFMn >EFPb > EFCu >EFCr >EFZn >EFNi. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo classification), the study area may be practically unpolluted with Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr (Igeo ranged from -2.15 to -0.41) along the study area. On the other hand, the Igeo of Co ranged from moderately to strongly pollutedarea. In addition, a lower degree of pollution was found in the sediments by the other heavy metals; Pb and Cu (unpolluted to moderate). The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated that station IX was characterized by low level of PLI with value of 1.25 while the other stations (ranged from 1.50 to 1.67).
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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