Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan

Durdana Rais Hashmi; Akhtar Shareef; Razia Begum

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan

Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 17 November 2016 Accepted: 30 November 2016 Published: 24 April 2017

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Abstract

This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM₁₀), trace gases (SO₂, NO₂, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, CO and PM₁₀ were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m^–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM₁₀ were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m^–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
Page(s)	73-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Air Pollution, Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, Heavy Metals

References

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APA Style

Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum. (2017). Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(3), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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ACS Style

Durdana Rais Hashmi; Akhtar Shareef; Razia Begum. Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(3), 73-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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AMA Style

Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum. Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(3):73-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12,
  author = {Durdana Rais Hashmi and Akhtar Shareef and Razia Begum},
  title = {Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170503.12},
  abstract = {This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan
AU  - Durdana Rais Hashmi
AU  - Akhtar Shareef
AU  - Razia Begum
Y1  - 2017/04/24
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
AB  - This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Durdana Rais Hashmi

Centre for Environmental Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
Akhtar Shareef

Centre for Environmental Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
Razia Begum

Centre for Environmental Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum. (2017). Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(3), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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ACS Style

Durdana Rais Hashmi; Akhtar Shareef; Razia Begum. Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(3), 73-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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AMA Style

Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum. Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(3):73-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12,
  author = {Durdana Rais Hashmi and Akhtar Shareef and Razia Begum},
  title = {Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170503.12},
  abstract = {This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan
AU  - Durdana Rais Hashmi
AU  - Akhtar Shareef
AU  - Razia Begum
Y1  - 2017/04/24
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 73
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
AB  - This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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