When a tsunami is caused by an earthquake or other event, spherical shelters are developed to protect people from the tsunami. This study proposes a new egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter with a buffer layer to improve the functionality of traditional spherical shelters. The inner and outer shells of this shelter are made from thin-walled stainless steel, using the integral hydro bulge forming (IHBF) process. The space between these two layers was filled with urethane foam, providing an elastic buffer. This resulted in a laminated egg-shaped structure designed for tsunami protection. To verify the proposed laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter and its processing method, an egg-shaped shell with an external shape (length 660 mm, width 493 mm) was fabricated using a 1.0 mm thick stainless plate, and a laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter with a 25 mm thick intermediate layer made of urethane foam was fabricated. The shape accuracy of the processed egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter structure was measured, and the maximum error between the surface shape of the molded egg-shaped shell and the true egg shape was -4.13 mm, and the relative error to the maximum radius of the egg shape of 246.5 mm was -1.68%. In addition, to assess the buffering effect under external impact loads, acceleration sensors were attached to both the inner and outer layers of the fabricated egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelters. A hammer was used to apply an impact load to the outer layer, and the response acceleration values recorded by the sensors on both layers were compared. It was found that the response acceleration of the inner layer was 15.81% lower than that of the outer layer.
| Published in | International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 12, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11 |
| Page(s) | 118-128 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Egg-Shaped Laminated Shell, Egg-Shaped Floating Tsunami Shelter, Integrated Bulge Processing Method, Elastic Cushioning Laminated Shell, Impact Cushioning Experiment
| [1] | Watanabe, K.; Mizuno, S.; Development of a Small Tsunami Shelter and Its Sea Experiment of Towing and Drifting. the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 2020, 14, 1, 75-81. |
| [2] | Alfian, N. N.; Kartikasari, D.; Widodo, N. S. A.; Suroso, D. J. Smart Folding and Floating Shelter Design for Disaster Mitigation with Natural Ventilation and UVC System. International Journal Disaster Management 2021, 4, 3, 65-76. |
| [3] | Pimanmas, A.; Joyklad, P.; Warnitchai, P.; Structural Design Guideline for Tsunami Evacuation Shelter. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 2010, 4, 4, 269–284. |
| [4] | Bernard, E. N. Tsunami Preparedness: Is Zero Casualties Possible?. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 2022, 1. |
| [5] | Boyke, C.; Achmadi. T.; Iqbal, H.; The Conceptual Design of Floating House for Post-Earthquake Temporary Shelters in Difficult Land Access Areas in Indonesia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 2019, 10, 11, 198-213. |
| [6] | Sakakiyama, T. Tsunami Inundatation Flow and Tsunami Pressure on Structures. Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 2012, 68, 2, 771-775. |
| [7] | Matsutomi, H.; Yiyitsuka, H. Land velocity of tsunami and its simple estimation method. Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 1998, 45, 361-365. |
| [8] | Takahashi, K.; Maeda, Y.; Nishihata, T.; Furumaki, D. Experimental Study on Influence between Tsunami Wave Direction and Wave Pressure Acting on Structures. Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 2014, 70, 2, 306-310. |
| [9] | Cutajar, C.; Sant, T.; Farrugia, R. N.; Buhagiar, D.; Analysis of the Wave Attenuating and Dynamic Behaviour of a Floating Breakwater Integrating a Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage System. Journal Marine Science and Engineering 2023. 11, 2189. |
| [10] | Zanden, J. V. D.; Bunnik, T.; Cortés, A.; Delhaye, V.; Kegelart, G.; Pehlke, T.; Panjwani, B.; Wave Basin Tests of a Multi-Body Floating PV System Sheltered by a Floating Breakwater. Energies 2024, 17, 2059. |
| [11] | Kishi, T.; Minami, K.; Masuda, M. Basic study of application of numerical simulation by MPS method on Floating Large size Tsunami Shelter motion. Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 2016, 24, 147-156. |
| [12] | Mutsuda, H.; Fujii, S.; Kamada, M.; Doi, Y.; Fukuhara, T. Characteristics of Motion and Fluid Force on Large-sized Tsunami Shelter with Mooring. Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 2013, 69, 2, 1011-1015. |
| [13] | Mutsuda, H.; Fujii, S.; Kamada, M.; Doi, Y.; Fukuhara, T. Reduction of Tsunami Force Acting on a Floating/Submerged Tsunami Shelter and Its Motions. Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 2014, 20, 49-57. |
| [14] | Watanabe, K.; Saitou, K.; Makanae, J.; Kunii, Y. Investigation of Wave Force Acting on Floating Type Tsunami Evacuation Shelter at Tsunami Considering Inundation Depth. Proceedings of civil engineering in the ocean 2020, 76, 2, pp. 1079-1084. |
| [15] | Watanabe, K.; Kaneko, Y. A Study on Behavior of Floating Tsunami Shelter Installed on Tsunami Evacuation Building. Proceedings of civil engineering in the ocean 2015, 71, 2, pp. 701-706. |
| [16] | Watanabe, K.; Fujii, R. A Study on Behavior of Tsunami Evacuation Shelters When the Second and Later Waves Become the Largest Tsunami. Proceedings of civil engineering in the ocean 2017, 73, 2, pp. 210-215. |
| [17] | Shigemastu, T.; Akechi, K.; Koike, T. Fundamental Experiment for Development of Floating-Type Evacuation Shelter from Tsunami. Proceedings of civil engineering in the ocean 2008, 24, pp.105-110. |
| [18] | Matsumoto, H.; Shigemastu, T. Research on Motion Prediction for Floating Tsunami Evacuation Facilities. Proceedings of civil engineering in the ocean 2014, 70, 2, pp. 319-324. |
| [19] | Nakahigashi, D.; Shigemastu, T. Development of a High Accuracy Numerical Model for Predicting Motion of A Floating-Type Evacuation shelter from Tsunami with Eccentricity. Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 2014, 70, 2, pp.901-905. |
| [20] | Shigemastu, T.; Nakahigashi, D. An Experimental Study for Motion Characteristics of a Floating-Type Evacuation Shelter Covered by a Sphere Shell from Tsunami. Proceedings of civil engineering in the ocean 2011, 67, 2, pp. 751-755. |
| [21] | Nakayama, E.; Hoan, N. T. T.; Tokura, S.; Hagiwara, I. Modelling and simulation for optimal design of foldable tsunami pod. Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 2015, 81, 829. |
| [22] | Bell, C.; Corney, J.; Zuelli, N.; Savings, D. A state of the art review of hydroforming technology and Its applications, research areas, history, and future in manufacturing. International Journal of Material Forming 2020, 13, pp. 789–828. |
| [23] | Yuan, Y.; Fan, X. Developments and perspectives on the precision forming processes for ultra-large size integrated components. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2019, 1, 022002. |
| [24] | Jing, Y.; Guan, J.; Kong, C.; Zhao, W.; Gomi, N.; Zhao, X. Integral Bulge Forming Method for Soccer Ball-Shaped Tank Using Symmetrical Preformed Box Consisting of Plate Parts, American Journal of Mechanics and Applications 2022, 10, 2, pp. 16-24. |
| [25] | Wang, Z.; Dai, K.; Yuan, S.; Zeng, Y.; Zhang, X. The development of integral hydro-bulge forming (IHBF) process and its numerical simulation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000, 102, pp. 168-173. |
| [26] | Jing, Y.; Kong, C.; Guan, J.; Zhao, W.; Fukuchi, A. B.; Zhao, X. Design and Manufacturing Process of a New Type of Deep-Sea Spherical Pressure Hull Structure, Design. 2023, 7, 12. |
| [27] | Hou, J.; Chen, L.; Guan, J.; Zhao, W.; Hagiwara, I.; Zhao, X.; A Laminated Spherical Tsunami Shelter with an Elastic Buffer Layer and Its Integrated Bulge Processing Method. Design 2023, 7, 95. |
| [28] | Zhang, J.; Dai, M.; Wang, F.; Tang, W.; Zhao, X.; Zhu, Y.; Theoretical and experimental study of the free hydroforming of egg-shaped shell. Ships and Offshore Structures 2020, 17, 2. |
| [29] | Zhang, J.; Dai, M.; Wang, F.; Tang, W.; Zhao, X.; Buckling performance of egg-shaped shells fabricated through free hydroforming. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 2021, 193, 104435. |
| [30] | Narushin, V. G.; AP-Animal Production Technology: Shape Geometry of the Avian Egg. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2001, 79, 4, 441-448. |
APA Style
Hou, J., Chen, L., Kong, C., Guan, J., Zhao, W., et al. (2024). Development of Laminated Egg-Shaped Tsunami Shelter Structure Made of Steel-Cushioning-Steel. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 12(5), 118-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11
ACS Style
Hou, J.; Chen, L.; Kong, C.; Guan, J.; Zhao, W., et al. Development of Laminated Egg-Shaped Tsunami Shelter Structure Made of Steel-Cushioning-Steel. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2024, 12(5), 118-128. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11
AMA Style
Hou J, Chen L, Kong C, Guan J, Zhao W, et al. Development of Laminated Egg-Shaped Tsunami Shelter Structure Made of Steel-Cushioning-Steel. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2024;12(5):118-128. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11,
author = {Junfu Hou and Li Chen and Chenghai Kong and Jingchao Guan and Wei Zhao and Xilu Zhao},
title = {Development of Laminated Egg-Shaped Tsunami Shelter Structure Made of Steel-Cushioning-Steel
},
journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {118-128},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20241205.11},
abstract = {When a tsunami is caused by an earthquake or other event, spherical shelters are developed to protect people from the tsunami. This study proposes a new egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter with a buffer layer to improve the functionality of traditional spherical shelters. The inner and outer shells of this shelter are made from thin-walled stainless steel, using the integral hydro bulge forming (IHBF) process. The space between these two layers was filled with urethane foam, providing an elastic buffer. This resulted in a laminated egg-shaped structure designed for tsunami protection. To verify the proposed laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter and its processing method, an egg-shaped shell with an external shape (length 660 mm, width 493 mm) was fabricated using a 1.0 mm thick stainless plate, and a laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter with a 25 mm thick intermediate layer made of urethane foam was fabricated. The shape accuracy of the processed egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter structure was measured, and the maximum error between the surface shape of the molded egg-shaped shell and the true egg shape was -4.13 mm, and the relative error to the maximum radius of the egg shape of 246.5 mm was -1.68%. In addition, to assess the buffering effect under external impact loads, acceleration sensors were attached to both the inner and outer layers of the fabricated egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelters. A hammer was used to apply an impact load to the outer layer, and the response acceleration values recorded by the sensors on both layers were compared. It was found that the response acceleration of the inner layer was 15.81% lower than that of the outer layer.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Laminated Egg-Shaped Tsunami Shelter Structure Made of Steel-Cushioning-Steel AU - Junfu Hou AU - Li Chen AU - Chenghai Kong AU - Jingchao Guan AU - Wei Zhao AU - Xilu Zhao Y1 - 2024/10/18 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11 T2 - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications JF - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications JO - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications SP - 118 EP - 128 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0248 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20241205.11 AB - When a tsunami is caused by an earthquake or other event, spherical shelters are developed to protect people from the tsunami. This study proposes a new egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter with a buffer layer to improve the functionality of traditional spherical shelters. The inner and outer shells of this shelter are made from thin-walled stainless steel, using the integral hydro bulge forming (IHBF) process. The space between these two layers was filled with urethane foam, providing an elastic buffer. This resulted in a laminated egg-shaped structure designed for tsunami protection. To verify the proposed laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter and its processing method, an egg-shaped shell with an external shape (length 660 mm, width 493 mm) was fabricated using a 1.0 mm thick stainless plate, and a laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter with a 25 mm thick intermediate layer made of urethane foam was fabricated. The shape accuracy of the processed egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter structure was measured, and the maximum error between the surface shape of the molded egg-shaped shell and the true egg shape was -4.13 mm, and the relative error to the maximum radius of the egg shape of 246.5 mm was -1.68%. In addition, to assess the buffering effect under external impact loads, acceleration sensors were attached to both the inner and outer layers of the fabricated egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelters. A hammer was used to apply an impact load to the outer layer, and the response acceleration values recorded by the sensors on both layers were compared. It was found that the response acceleration of the inner layer was 15.81% lower than that of the outer layer. VL - 12 IS - 5 ER -
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
Topy Industries Co., Ltd. Aichi, Japan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama, Japan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
Information