Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of <i>Melia volkensii</i> Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya

Wanzala Wycliffe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya

Wanzala Wycliffe

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 28 May 2017 Accepted: 8 October 2017 Published: 15 November 2017

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Abstract

Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
Page(s)	82-85
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Feed Supplement, Insecticide, Insect Growth Inhibitor, Maasai Goats, Melia volkensii

References

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[15]	Mwangi R. W., Rembold H., “Growth-regulating and larvicidal effects of Melia volkensii extracts on the larvae of Aedes aegypti.” Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol. 46, pp. 103-108, 1987.
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APA Style

Wanzala Wycliffe. (2017). Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(6), 82-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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ACS Style

Wanzala Wycliffe. Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2017, 3(6), 82-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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AMA Style

Wanzala Wycliffe. Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. Int J Pharm Chem. 2017;3(6):82-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13,
  author = {Wanzala Wycliffe},
  title = {Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {82-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20170306.13},
  abstract = {Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya
AU  - Wanzala Wycliffe
Y1  - 2017/11/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 82
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
AB  - Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Wanzala Wycliffe

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Information Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya

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APA Style

Wanzala Wycliffe. (2017). Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(6), 82-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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ACS Style

Wanzala Wycliffe. Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2017, 3(6), 82-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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AMA Style

Wanzala Wycliffe. Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. Int J Pharm Chem. 2017;3(6):82-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13,
  author = {Wanzala Wycliffe},
  title = {Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {82-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20170306.13},
  abstract = {Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya
AU  - Wanzala Wycliffe
Y1  - 2017/11/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 82
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
AB  - Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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