Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication

Gudisa Bereda

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

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Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication

Gudisa Bereda

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 6)

Received: 7 December 2021 Accepted: 30 December 2021 Published: 31 December 2021

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Abstract

Adverse drug reaction defined as reaction to medicine which is noxious and unintended and occurs at doses of medications normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease or to change physiologic functions. Serious adverse effect defined as any unfavorable medical incidence that happens at any dose and results in death necessitates hospital admission or prolonged hospital stay, results in continuity or indispensable disability, or is life threatening. Type “A” adverse drug reaction is greatly happened and solely causes low mortality, and also treated by adjusting dose of the medication; for example toxic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockage side effects that is associated with tricyclic antidepressants; sexual dysfunction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ototoxicity from aminoglycosides toxicity; serotonin syndrome of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Type “B” reactions signifies’ (bizarre, idiosyncratic), unpredictable or non-pharmacological, frequently allergic, response reactions are novel responses that are not anticipated from the familiar pharmacological actions of the medication. Type “C” reactions signifies’ ‘continuing or long term (time related)’ reactions, continue for a relatively long time and prolonged usage of medicine. Type “D” reactions signifies’ delayed (lag time)’ reactions, becomes presumed occasionally after the usage of a medication. Type “E” reactions signifies’ ‘ending-of-usage (withdrawal)’ reactions, is associated with the withdrawal of a medication. For example is withdrawal syndrome with benzodiazepines; withdrawal syndrome with tricyclic antidepressants and the undesired effects of ceasing the drug (for example, rebound hypertension with beta blockers). Type “F” reactions signifies’ unanticipated failure of therapy (no response). Where a medication unpleasantly escalates or de-escalates in efficacy, for examples, the de-escalated clearance of a medication by dialysis, or the de-escalated consequence of antimicrobials agents’ particularly anti-tuberculosis medication resistance due to resistant organism.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
Page(s)	122-124
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adverse Drug Reaction, Classifications, Delineation

References

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APA Style

Gudisa Bereda. (2021). Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 7(6), 122-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

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Gudisa Bereda. Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2021, 7(6), 122-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

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AMA Style

Gudisa Bereda. Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication. Int J Pharm Chem. 2021;7(6):122-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13,
  author = {Gudisa Bereda},
  title = {Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {122-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20210706.13},
  abstract = {Adverse drug reaction defined as reaction to medicine which is noxious and unintended and occurs at doses of medications normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease or to change physiologic functions. Serious adverse effect defined as any unfavorable medical incidence that happens at any dose and results in death necessitates hospital admission or prolonged hospital stay, results in continuity or indispensable disability, or is life threatening. Type “A” adverse drug reaction is greatly happened and solely causes low mortality, and also treated by adjusting dose of the medication; for example toxic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockage side effects that is associated with tricyclic antidepressants; sexual dysfunction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ototoxicity from aminoglycosides toxicity; serotonin syndrome of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Type “B” reactions signifies’ (bizarre, idiosyncratic), unpredictable or non-pharmacological, frequently allergic, response reactions are novel responses that are not anticipated from the familiar pharmacological actions of the medication. Type “C” reactions signifies’ ‘continuing or long term (time related)’ reactions, continue for a relatively long time and prolonged usage of medicine. Type “D” reactions signifies’ delayed (lag time)’ reactions, becomes presumed occasionally after the usage of a medication. Type “E” reactions signifies’ ‘ending-of-usage (withdrawal)’ reactions, is associated with the withdrawal of a medication. For example is withdrawal syndrome with benzodiazepines; withdrawal syndrome with tricyclic antidepressants and the undesired effects of ceasing the drug (for example, rebound hypertension with beta blockers). Type “F” reactions signifies’ unanticipated failure of therapy (no response). Where a medication unpleasantly escalates or de-escalates in efficacy, for examples, the de-escalated clearance of a medication by dialysis, or the de-escalated consequence of antimicrobials agents’ particularly anti-tuberculosis medication resistance due to resistant organism.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication
AU  - Gudisa Bereda
Y1  - 2021/12/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 122
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
AB  - Adverse drug reaction defined as reaction to medicine which is noxious and unintended and occurs at doses of medications normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease or to change physiologic functions. Serious adverse effect defined as any unfavorable medical incidence that happens at any dose and results in death necessitates hospital admission or prolonged hospital stay, results in continuity or indispensable disability, or is life threatening. Type “A” adverse drug reaction is greatly happened and solely causes low mortality, and also treated by adjusting dose of the medication; for example toxic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockage side effects that is associated with tricyclic antidepressants; sexual dysfunction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ototoxicity from aminoglycosides toxicity; serotonin syndrome of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Type “B” reactions signifies’ (bizarre, idiosyncratic), unpredictable or non-pharmacological, frequently allergic, response reactions are novel responses that are not anticipated from the familiar pharmacological actions of the medication. Type “C” reactions signifies’ ‘continuing or long term (time related)’ reactions, continue for a relatively long time and prolonged usage of medicine. Type “D” reactions signifies’ delayed (lag time)’ reactions, becomes presumed occasionally after the usage of a medication. Type “E” reactions signifies’ ‘ending-of-usage (withdrawal)’ reactions, is associated with the withdrawal of a medication. For example is withdrawal syndrome with benzodiazepines; withdrawal syndrome with tricyclic antidepressants and the undesired effects of ceasing the drug (for example, rebound hypertension with beta blockers). Type “F” reactions signifies’ unanticipated failure of therapy (no response). Where a medication unpleasantly escalates or de-escalates in efficacy, for examples, the de-escalated clearance of a medication by dialysis, or the de-escalated consequence of antimicrobials agents’ particularly anti-tuberculosis medication resistance due to resistant organism.
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Gudisa Bereda

Department of Pharmacy, Negelle Health Science College, Guji, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Gudisa Bereda. (2021). Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 7(6), 122-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

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ACS Style

Gudisa Bereda. Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2021, 7(6), 122-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

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AMA Style

Gudisa Bereda. Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication. Int J Pharm Chem. 2021;7(6):122-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13,
  author = {Gudisa Bereda},
  title = {Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {122-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20210706.13},
  abstract = {Adverse drug reaction defined as reaction to medicine which is noxious and unintended and occurs at doses of medications normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease or to change physiologic functions. Serious adverse effect defined as any unfavorable medical incidence that happens at any dose and results in death necessitates hospital admission or prolonged hospital stay, results in continuity or indispensable disability, or is life threatening. Type “A” adverse drug reaction is greatly happened and solely causes low mortality, and also treated by adjusting dose of the medication; for example toxic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockage side effects that is associated with tricyclic antidepressants; sexual dysfunction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ototoxicity from aminoglycosides toxicity; serotonin syndrome of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Type “B” reactions signifies’ (bizarre, idiosyncratic), unpredictable or non-pharmacological, frequently allergic, response reactions are novel responses that are not anticipated from the familiar pharmacological actions of the medication. Type “C” reactions signifies’ ‘continuing or long term (time related)’ reactions, continue for a relatively long time and prolonged usage of medicine. Type “D” reactions signifies’ delayed (lag time)’ reactions, becomes presumed occasionally after the usage of a medication. Type “E” reactions signifies’ ‘ending-of-usage (withdrawal)’ reactions, is associated with the withdrawal of a medication. For example is withdrawal syndrome with benzodiazepines; withdrawal syndrome with tricyclic antidepressants and the undesired effects of ceasing the drug (for example, rebound hypertension with beta blockers). Type “F” reactions signifies’ unanticipated failure of therapy (no response). Where a medication unpleasantly escalates or de-escalates in efficacy, for examples, the de-escalated clearance of a medication by dialysis, or the de-escalated consequence of antimicrobials agents’ particularly anti-tuberculosis medication resistance due to resistant organism.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication
AU  - Gudisa Bereda
Y1  - 2021/12/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 122
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13
AB  - Adverse drug reaction defined as reaction to medicine which is noxious and unintended and occurs at doses of medications normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease or to change physiologic functions. Serious adverse effect defined as any unfavorable medical incidence that happens at any dose and results in death necessitates hospital admission or prolonged hospital stay, results in continuity or indispensable disability, or is life threatening. Type “A” adverse drug reaction is greatly happened and solely causes low mortality, and also treated by adjusting dose of the medication; for example toxic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockage side effects that is associated with tricyclic antidepressants; sexual dysfunction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ototoxicity from aminoglycosides toxicity; serotonin syndrome of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Type “B” reactions signifies’ (bizarre, idiosyncratic), unpredictable or non-pharmacological, frequently allergic, response reactions are novel responses that are not anticipated from the familiar pharmacological actions of the medication. Type “C” reactions signifies’ ‘continuing or long term (time related)’ reactions, continue for a relatively long time and prolonged usage of medicine. Type “D” reactions signifies’ delayed (lag time)’ reactions, becomes presumed occasionally after the usage of a medication. Type “E” reactions signifies’ ‘ending-of-usage (withdrawal)’ reactions, is associated with the withdrawal of a medication. For example is withdrawal syndrome with benzodiazepines; withdrawal syndrome with tricyclic antidepressants and the undesired effects of ceasing the drug (for example, rebound hypertension with beta blockers). Type “F” reactions signifies’ unanticipated failure of therapy (no response). Where a medication unpleasantly escalates or de-escalates in efficacy, for examples, the de-escalated clearance of a medication by dialysis, or the de-escalated consequence of antimicrobials agents’ particularly anti-tuberculosis medication resistance due to resistant organism.
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
ER  -

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