This study examines the sleep-promoting properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Pleurotus squarrosulus in male Wistar rats, particularly in conjunction with the sleep-inducing effects of diazepam. The impetus for this research is driven by the rising global incidence of sleep disorders and the ongoing need for effective, natural adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies. The bioactive compounds identified in Pleurotus squarrosulus may exert mood-modulating effects, which could play a role in its overall therapeutic impact on sleep and well-being. The extract was subjected to analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Among these compounds, gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the highest concentrations. Diazepam, a traditional sedative, was administered alone as well as in combination with two different doses of the extract, namely 250mg and 500mg. The results demonstrated a significant increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups compared to the control group, indicating an enhancement in sleep quality. These findings are consistent with previous research, which highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds known for their diverse biological effects. This study introduces Pleurotus squarrosulus as a potential natural sleep aid, showcasing a promising synergy when combined with diazepam. Further investigation into the mechanisms and safety considerations of this combination offers an optimistic path for the development of integrated approaches to sleep management.
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Insomnia and depressive symptoms appear to possess a mutually influential connection, as indicated by existing literature. Prior investigations have highlighted a bidirectional association between depression and insomnia: individuals suffering from depression often display exacerbated symptoms of insomnia, while those afflicted by insomnia are more prone to the development of depression
[1]
Baglioni, C., & Riemann, D. (2012). Is chronic insomnia a precursor to major depression? Epidemiological and biological findings. Current psychiatry reports, 14(5), 511-518.
[2]
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., & Riemann, D. (2011). Clinical implications of the causal relationship between insomnia and depression: how individually tailored treatment of sleeping difficulties could prevent the onset of depression. EPMA Journal, 2(3), 287-293.
[1, 2]
.
In a community-based inquiry,
[3]
Pandey, K. B., Rizvi, S. I., 2009. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2, 270–278.
[3]
delved into the interplay between sleeplessness and depression. They obtained responses from a sample of the population (N = 1007) utilizing the Insomnia Severity Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and average sleep duration. Subsequently, regression analysis was employed to assess the prevalence risks (PR) of depressive symptoms based on the intensity of insomnia and sleep duration. The findings underscore a robust correlation between sleeplessness and the severity of depression, with this association contingent upon regular sleep duration. A subsequent examination of data from 1,922 women, utilizing Pearson Correlation and meta-analytic techniques, unveiled a significant, medium-sized connection between symptoms of prenatal depression and sleeplessness.
The correlation between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorders and depression is another aspect to consider. The amygdala, a pivotal region in regulating REM sleep, possesses neuronal extensions into the brainstem. In individuals afflicted by depression, the amygdala may exhibit abnormalities such as enlargement, hyperactivity, or malfunction, as it is intricately linked to the processing of negative thoughts. While these relationships have opened new avenues for research into the neurobiology and treatment of depression, their precise significance remains to be fully elucidated
[4]
Tubbs, A. S., Gallagher, R., Perlis, M. L., Hale, L., Branas, C., Barrett, M., ... & Grandner, M. A. (2020). Relationship between insomnia and depression in a community sample depends on habitual sleep duration. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 18(2), 143-153.
[5]
Britannica. (2021). Treatment-resistant depression. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from
In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on natural remedies for managing sleep disorders and improving overall well-being. Amidst this growing interest, Pleurotus squarrosulus, a type of mushroom, has emerged as a promising candidate for further investigation
[6]
Lau, B. F., & Abdullah, N. (2017). Bioprospecting of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., an underutilized wild edible mushroom, as a potential source of functional ingredients: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 61, 116-131.
[6]
. Despite growing interest in natural remedies for health management, Pleurotus squarrosulus has been primarily studied for its diverse medicinal benefits, yet its potential for enhancing sleep and mood remains underexplored. Existing literature predominantly emphasizes the mushroom's role in addressing various health concerns, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties
[7]
Kokoti, M., Hazarika, D. J., Parveen, A., Dullah, S., Ghosh, A., Saha, D., ... & Boro, R. C. (2021). Nutritional properties, antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities of the dry fruiting bodies of wild edible mushrooms consumed by ethnic communities of northeast India. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 71(4), 463-480.
[14]
Panya, M., Kaewraemruaen, C., Saenwang, P., & Pimboon, P. (2024). Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Wild Lentinus polychrous and Lentinus squarrosulus and Their Application for a Formulation of a Novel Lyophilized Synbiotic. Foods, 13(2), 287.
[7, 14]
. These studies have established Pleurotus squarrosulus as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential, including its ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation, and its effectiveness in supporting immune function.
For instance, research has demonstrated that Pleurotus squarrosulus contains potent antioxidants such as gallic acid and quercetin, which play a crucial role in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative damage
[8]
Ayimbila, F., & Keawsompong, S. (2021). Functional composition and antioxidant property of crude polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus squarrosulus. 3 Biotech, 11(1), 7.
[8]
. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties have been linked to the alleviation of chronic inflammation and associated conditions. The antimicrobial activity of this mushroom has also been documented, suggesting potential benefits in preventing infections and supporting overall health
[12]
Yadav, D., & Negi, P. S. (2021). Bioactive components of mushrooms: Processing effects and health benefits. Food Research International, 148, 110599.
[13]
Sevindik, M., Bal, C., Eraslan, E. C., Uysal, I., & Mohammed, F. S. (2023). Medicinal mushrooms: a comprehensive study on their antiviral potential. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(2), 42-56.
[14]
Panya, M., Kaewraemruaen, C., Saenwang, P., & Pimboon, P. (2024). Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Wild Lentinus polychrous and Lentinus squarrosulus and Their Application for a Formulation of a Novel Lyophilized Synbiotic. Foods, 13(2), 287.
[12-14]
.
However, while these studies highlight the plant's various medical benefits, they largely overlook its potential effects on sleep and mood. The focus on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties has overshadowed the investigation into how Pleurotus squarrosulus might influence sleep quality and emotional well-being. Preliminary findings suggest that the same bioactive compounds responsible for these well-documented benefits might also have mood-regulating effects and contribute to improved sleep, yet this aspect remains inadequately addressed.
This research gap underscores the need for a more comprehensive exploration of Pleurotus squarrosulus, specifically targeting its potential as a natural adjunct for enhancing both sleep and mood. By investigating these underexplored areas, this study aims to bridge the current knowledge gap and assess the synergistic effects of the plant’s bioactive compounds in promoting sleep and stabilizing mood.
Addressing this gap could not only expand our understanding of Pleurotus squarrosulus's full range of therapeutic benefits but also contribute to the development of more holistic treatment approaches. This study seeks to integrate insights from existing research on the mushroom’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties with an investigation into its potential benefits for sleep and mood, thereby offering a more comprehensive view of its therapeutic potential.
2. Methodology
2.1. HPLC-DAD Quantification of Phytocompounds in Pleurotus squarrosulus Ethanolic Extract
The analysis was performed on a Shimadzu (NexeraMX) HPLC system with uBONDAPAK C18 column (length 100 mm, thickness 7 μm, diameter 4.6 mm). The mobile phase was aqueous methanol and the detector, UV diode array detector (DAD) at 254 nm.
Procedure
Exactly, 10g of the test sample was measured into an amber bottle and 20 ml of acetonitrile and methanol mixture was added to it and the mixture was shaken vigorously for 30 mins. Afterwards, the aqueous end was run off while the organic solvent end was collected into 25 mL standard flask, made up to mark and ready for analysis. Standard form of analyte was first injected into the HPLC, and this generated a chromatogram with a given peak area and peak profile. These were used to create a window in the HPLC in preparation for the test sample analysis. An aliquot of the extracted extract was injected into the HPLC, to obtain a corresponding peak area and peak profile in a chromatogram. Then the peak area of the sample was compared with that of the standard, relative to the concentration of the standard to obtain the concentration of the sample
[9]
Kumar, B. R. (2017). Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs). Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, 7(6), 349-364.
2.2. Sedative Property of Pleurotus squarrosulus Ethanolic Extract
The animals were divided into three groups of five animals each.
The sleep-potentiating effect of the extract was studied in animals that received diazepam (50mg/kg) one hour after extract or vehicle administration. The time from loss of righting reflex till its recovery was taken as sleeping time
[10]
Rakotonirina, V. S., Rabarison, H., Ratsimamanga-Urverg, S., & Soavinandriana, R. (2001). Effect of essential oil of Cinnamosma fragrans on pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2-3), 203-206.
[10]
.
Group 1: Control group; received diazepam 50mg/kg intraperitoneally only.
Group 2: received Pleurotus squarrosulus ethanolic extract 250 mg/kg b.w orally, then diazepam 50mg/kg intraperitoneally, 1 hour after.
Group 3: received Pleurotus squarrosulus ethanolic extract 500 mg/kg b.w orally, then diazepam 50mg/kg intraperitoneally, 1 hour after.
3. Results
HPLC determination of phyto-compounds present in Pleurotus squarrusolus ethanolic extract shows the extract contain gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) a phenolic compound, as its most abundant phyto-compound, with a concentration of 8.01mg/g followed by quercetin with a concentration of 4.76 mg/g.
Figure 1. Chromatogram showing the absorption peaks of phytocompounds present in 1mg/ml of the ethanolic Pleurotus squarrusolus extract.
Sleep potentiating effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus ethanolic extract on diazepam-induced sleeping time in male wistar rats.
Table 1. Tabular representation of the sleeping time.
Grouping
Sleeping time (Mins)
Control
232 ± 0.03
Diazepam + Sample 250mg
296 ± 0.12
Diazepam + Sample 500mg
298 ± 0.13
Values represent mean ± standard deviation of replicate experiments (n = 3). Values are significantly different (p< 0.05).
4. Discussion
The use of HPLC analysis on the extract has brought to light a variety of bioactive compounds, encompassing gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. These compounds are renowned for their diverse biological impacts, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Notably, rutin, gallic acid, apigenin, and quercetin have been specifically associated with potential sleep-enhancing effects attributed to the Pleurotus squarrosulus extract
[11]
Akingbesote B, Salawu S. The antidepressant and sedative properties of the ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus squarrosulus on reserpine induced depression anxiety in wistar rats. NJNS. 2023; 20(3): 10-21.
[15]
Akinyemi, A. J., Oboh, G., Ogunsuyi, O. B., & Oyeleye, S. I. (2019). Comparative study on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibitory properties of Pleurotus squarrosulus (Oyster mushroom) grown on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(4), e12831.
The ingestion of Pleurotus squarrosulus may provide sleep-related advantages beyond its nutritional value due to the identified compounds. Gallic acid, classified as a phenolic compound, exhibited the highest concentration at 8.00 ± .02 mg/g, followed by quercetin at 4.75 ± 0.16 mg/g, Flavonoids, such as catechin, rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol, were also detected at concentrations ranging from 1.01 ± 0.20 to 3.08 ± 0.27 mg/g, consistent with prior studies (10). Moderate levels of phenolic compounds, specifically p-coumaric acid (2.02 ± 0.20 mg/g) and ferulic acid (2.71 ± 0.33 mg/g), were also observed in the extract.
These findings underscore the potential sleep-promoting characteristics of Pleurotus squarrosulus, suggesting that its consumption may contribute to improved sleep quality and overall sleep-related well-being. The prominent concentrations of rutin, gallic acid, apigenin, and quercetin further substantiate the hypothesis that this extract may possess inherent sleep-potentiating effects, offering a promising direction for further investigation in the realm of sleep research.
The observed increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups prompts exploration into the potential synergies between diazepam and Pleurotus squarrosulus. Diazepam, a GABA receptor agonist, induces sedation, and the extract may potentiate its effects, possibly through modulation of neurotransmitter systems involved in sleep regulation. While the absence of a control group receiving only diazepam limits a direct comparison, the significant increase in sleeping time in extract-treated groups, when contrasted with the control, strongly suggests the extract's involvement in promoting sleep. This highlights its potential as a complementary agent to traditional sleep medications.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the study unveils a promising collaboration between Pleurotus squarrosulus ethanolic extract and diazepam, resulting in a significant sleep potentiating effect in male Wistar rats. This synergy suggests a novel avenue for developing integrative approaches to managing sleep disturbances, combining the benefits of traditional medications with those of natural compounds. As research progresses, Pleurotus squarrosulus may emerge as a valuable player in the realm of sleep therapeutics, offering a holistic approach to addressing the complexities of sleep-related concerns.
Abbreviations
HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography
PHQ-9
Patient Health Questionnaire-9
PR
prevalence risks
REM
Rapid eye movement
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
[1]
Baglioni, C., & Riemann, D. (2012). Is chronic insomnia a precursor to major depression? Epidemiological and biological findings. Current psychiatry reports, 14(5), 511-518.
[2]
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., & Riemann, D. (2011). Clinical implications of the causal relationship between insomnia and depression: how individually tailored treatment of sleeping difficulties could prevent the onset of depression. EPMA Journal, 2(3), 287-293.
[3]
Pandey, K. B., Rizvi, S. I., 2009. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2, 270–278.
[4]
Tubbs, A. S., Gallagher, R., Perlis, M. L., Hale, L., Branas, C., Barrett, M., ... & Grandner, M. A. (2020). Relationship between insomnia and depression in a community sample depends on habitual sleep duration. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 18(2), 143-153.
[5]
Britannica. (2021). Treatment-resistant depression. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from
Lau, B. F., & Abdullah, N. (2017). Bioprospecting of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., an underutilized wild edible mushroom, as a potential source of functional ingredients: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 61, 116-131.
[7]
Kokoti, M., Hazarika, D. J., Parveen, A., Dullah, S., Ghosh, A., Saha, D., ... & Boro, R. C. (2021). Nutritional properties, antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities of the dry fruiting bodies of wild edible mushrooms consumed by ethnic communities of northeast India. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 71(4), 463-480.
[8]
Ayimbila, F., & Keawsompong, S. (2021). Functional composition and antioxidant property of crude polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus squarrosulus. 3 Biotech, 11(1), 7.
[9]
Kumar, B. R. (2017). Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs). Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, 7(6), 349-364.
[10]
Rakotonirina, V. S., Rabarison, H., Ratsimamanga-Urverg, S., & Soavinandriana, R. (2001). Effect of essential oil of Cinnamosma fragrans on pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2-3), 203-206.
[11]
Akingbesote B, Salawu S. The antidepressant and sedative properties of the ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus squarrosulus on reserpine induced depression anxiety in wistar rats. NJNS. 2023; 20(3): 10-21.
[12]
Yadav, D., & Negi, P. S. (2021). Bioactive components of mushrooms: Processing effects and health benefits. Food Research International, 148, 110599.
[13]
Sevindik, M., Bal, C., Eraslan, E. C., Uysal, I., & Mohammed, F. S. (2023). Medicinal mushrooms: a comprehensive study on their antiviral potential. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(2), 42-56.
[14]
Panya, M., Kaewraemruaen, C., Saenwang, P., & Pimboon, P. (2024). Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Wild Lentinus polychrous and Lentinus squarrosulus and Their Application for a Formulation of a Novel Lyophilized Synbiotic. Foods, 13(2), 287.
[15]
Akinyemi, A. J., Oboh, G., Ogunsuyi, O. B., & Oyeleye, S. I. (2019). Comparative study on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibitory properties of Pleurotus squarrosulus (Oyster mushroom) grown on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(4), e12831.
Oluwaseun, A. B., Salawu, S. O. (2024). Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 10(2), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
Oluwaseun, A. B.; Salawu, S. O. Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats. Int. J. Pharm. Chem.2024, 10(2), 25-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
Oluwaseun AB, Salawu SO. Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Pharm Chem. 2024;10(2):25-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12,
author = {Akingbeoste Babajide Oluwaseun and Sule Ola Salawu},
title = {Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats
},
journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {25-28},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20241002.12},
abstract = {This study examines the sleep-promoting properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Pleurotus squarrosulus in male Wistar rats, particularly in conjunction with the sleep-inducing effects of diazepam. The impetus for this research is driven by the rising global incidence of sleep disorders and the ongoing need for effective, natural adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies. The bioactive compounds identified in Pleurotus squarrosulus may exert mood-modulating effects, which could play a role in its overall therapeutic impact on sleep and well-being. The extract was subjected to analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Among these compounds, gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the highest concentrations. Diazepam, a traditional sedative, was administered alone as well as in combination with two different doses of the extract, namely 250mg and 500mg. The results demonstrated a significant increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups compared to the control group, indicating an enhancement in sleep quality. These findings are consistent with previous research, which highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds known for their diverse biological effects. This study introduces Pleurotus squarrosulus as a potential natural sleep aid, showcasing a promising synergy when combined with diazepam. Further investigation into the mechanisms and safety considerations of this combination offers an optimistic path for the development of integrated approaches to sleep management.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats
AU - Akingbeoste Babajide Oluwaseun
AU - Sule Ola Salawu
Y1 - 2024/10/18
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
T2 - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP - 25
EP - 28
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5749
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
AB - This study examines the sleep-promoting properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Pleurotus squarrosulus in male Wistar rats, particularly in conjunction with the sleep-inducing effects of diazepam. The impetus for this research is driven by the rising global incidence of sleep disorders and the ongoing need for effective, natural adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies. The bioactive compounds identified in Pleurotus squarrosulus may exert mood-modulating effects, which could play a role in its overall therapeutic impact on sleep and well-being. The extract was subjected to analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Among these compounds, gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the highest concentrations. Diazepam, a traditional sedative, was administered alone as well as in combination with two different doses of the extract, namely 250mg and 500mg. The results demonstrated a significant increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups compared to the control group, indicating an enhancement in sleep quality. These findings are consistent with previous research, which highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds known for their diverse biological effects. This study introduces Pleurotus squarrosulus as a potential natural sleep aid, showcasing a promising synergy when combined with diazepam. Further investigation into the mechanisms and safety considerations of this combination offers an optimistic path for the development of integrated approaches to sleep management.
VL - 10
IS - 2
ER -
Oluwaseun, A. B., Salawu, S. O. (2024). Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 10(2), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
Oluwaseun, A. B.; Salawu, S. O. Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats. Int. J. Pharm. Chem.2024, 10(2), 25-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
Oluwaseun AB, Salawu SO. Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Pharm Chem. 2024;10(2):25-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12,
author = {Akingbeoste Babajide Oluwaseun and Sule Ola Salawu},
title = {Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats
},
journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {25-28},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20241002.12},
abstract = {This study examines the sleep-promoting properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Pleurotus squarrosulus in male Wistar rats, particularly in conjunction with the sleep-inducing effects of diazepam. The impetus for this research is driven by the rising global incidence of sleep disorders and the ongoing need for effective, natural adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies. The bioactive compounds identified in Pleurotus squarrosulus may exert mood-modulating effects, which could play a role in its overall therapeutic impact on sleep and well-being. The extract was subjected to analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Among these compounds, gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the highest concentrations. Diazepam, a traditional sedative, was administered alone as well as in combination with two different doses of the extract, namely 250mg and 500mg. The results demonstrated a significant increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups compared to the control group, indicating an enhancement in sleep quality. These findings are consistent with previous research, which highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds known for their diverse biological effects. This study introduces Pleurotus squarrosulus as a potential natural sleep aid, showcasing a promising synergy when combined with diazepam. Further investigation into the mechanisms and safety considerations of this combination offers an optimistic path for the development of integrated approaches to sleep management.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Sleep Potentiating Effect of Pleurotus squarrusolus Ethanolic Extract on Diazepam-Induced Sleeping Time in Male Wistar Rats
AU - Akingbeoste Babajide Oluwaseun
AU - Sule Ola Salawu
Y1 - 2024/10/18
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
T2 - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP - 25
EP - 28
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5749
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20241002.12
AB - This study examines the sleep-promoting properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Pleurotus squarrosulus in male Wistar rats, particularly in conjunction with the sleep-inducing effects of diazepam. The impetus for this research is driven by the rising global incidence of sleep disorders and the ongoing need for effective, natural adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies. The bioactive compounds identified in Pleurotus squarrosulus may exert mood-modulating effects, which could play a role in its overall therapeutic impact on sleep and well-being. The extract was subjected to analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Among these compounds, gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the highest concentrations. Diazepam, a traditional sedative, was administered alone as well as in combination with two different doses of the extract, namely 250mg and 500mg. The results demonstrated a significant increase in sleeping time in both the Diazepam + Sample 250mg and Diazepam + Sample 500mg groups compared to the control group, indicating an enhancement in sleep quality. These findings are consistent with previous research, which highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds known for their diverse biological effects. This study introduces Pleurotus squarrosulus as a potential natural sleep aid, showcasing a promising synergy when combined with diazepam. Further investigation into the mechanisms and safety considerations of this combination offers an optimistic path for the development of integrated approaches to sleep management.
VL - 10
IS - 2
ER -
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