Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile

Jorge Luis González González

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile

Jorge Luis González González^*

Published in Journal of Human Resource Management (Volume 13, Issue 2)

Received: 3 February 2025 Accepted: 28 February 2025 Published: 9 May 2025

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This research article analyzes standards derived from International Environmental Law and International Human Rights Law on the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, examining their reception and applicability in the Chilean internal legal system. Its objective is to establish the content, scope and limitations of the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, its reception and application in the Chilean legal system. We use dogmatic legal methodology with qualitative techniques and documentary research. It is concluded that, despite having reception and application, there is an incompatibility between what is established in the international standards regarding the right to environmental participation of indigenous peoples and specifically in relation to the right to consultation, with the Chilean internal legal system. If compliance with international obligations is not addressed in good faith, and the rights of indigenous peoples in Chile are not received, applied, formulated and recognized, in accordance with international standards, the right to prior consultation and respect for and guarantee of rights cannot be established. Advancing in the recognition and role of Indigenous Peoples in environmental matters and the recognition of their rights, as well as the protection of nature through shared biocultural governance is a challenge for the Chilean State.

Published in	Journal of Human Resource Management (Volume 13, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
Page(s)	48-57
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Indigenous Peoples, Prior Consultation, Participation, Standards, Right of Access

References

[1]	Supreme Decree No. 66 (2013) of the Ministry of Social Development that approves the Regulation that governs the indigenous consultation procedure pursuant to Article 6 No. 1 letter a) and No. 2 of Convention No. 169 of the International Labor Organization and repeals regulations that indicate and Supreme Decree No. 40 (2012) of the Ministry of the Environment that approves the Regulation of the Environmental Impact Assessment System.
[2]	Millaleo, S. (2014). ¿Gobernar consultado?: el Convenio 169 en los reglamentos aprobados en Chile. pp. 98.
[3]	Carmona, C. (2013). Tomando los derechos colectivos en serio: El derecho a consulta previa del convenio 169 de la OIT y las instituciones representativas de los Pueblos indígenas. Ius et Praxis, 19(2), p. 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-00122013000200009
[4]	De Casas, C. I. (2019). ¿Qué son los estándares de derechos humanos? Revista Internacional de Derechos Humanos, 9(2), 294.
[5]	Sánchez Cáceres, L. F. (2019). El sistema de Hard-Law y Soft-Law en relación con la defensa de los derechos fundamentales, la igualdad y la no discriminación\| The Hard-Law and Soft-Law system regarding the defence of fundamental rights, equality and non-discrimination. Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho, (39), p. 469.
[6]	Nava Escudero, C. (2016). El Acuerdo de París. Predominio del soft law en el régimen climático. Boletín mexicano de derecho comparado, 49(147), p. 101.
[7]	Ruiz, O. (2007). El derecho a la identidad cultural de los pueblos indígenas y las minorías nacionales: una mirada desde el sistema interamericano. Boletín Mexicano de derecho comparado, 40(118), p. 236.
[8]	Barría Meneses, J. A. (2019). La consulta indígena en la institucionalidad ambiental de Chile: Consecuencias para la minería y las comunidades indígenas Collas de la Región de Atacama. Investigaciones Geográficas, (57), p. 77. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2019.53490
[9]	Emanuel, R. E., & Wilkins, D. E. (2020). "Breaching Barriers: The Fight for Indigenous Participation in Water Governance." Water 12, no. 8, p. 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082113
[10]	LEIVA, R. A. (2014). Instituciones Mapuche en Chile: del derecho propio a la consulta indígena. REVISTA CUHSO, 24(1), p. 137. https://doi.org/10.7770/cuhso-v24n1-art699
[11]	AGUAS, J., & NAHUELPAN, H. (2019). Los límites del reconocimiento indígena en Chile neoliberal. La implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT desde la perspectiva de dirigentes Mapuche Williche. Cultura-hombre-sociedad, 29(1), 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/0719-2789.2018.cuhso.04.a01
[12]	NILSSON DAHLSTRÖM, Å. (2009). Nilsson Dahlström, Å. (2009). The two-way appropriation of indigenous knowledge: environmental management policies and the Laponia process. Journal of Northern Studies, (2), pp. 41.
[13]	JUDGMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF COLOMBIA, T-294/14, PARAGRAPH 135.
[14]	Rahail, E. B., Kalalo, J. J., Betaubun, H. F., & Kalalo, C. N. (2018). Environmental Law Politics and Malind Anim Indigenous People Rights Protection based on Free and Prior Informed Consent Principles. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 73, p. 02017). EDP Sciences. pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302017
[15]	MacKay, F. (2004). Indigenous peoples' rights to free, prior and informed consent and the World Bank's Extractive Industries Review. Sustainable Dev. L. & Pol'y, 4, pp. 1-43.
[16]	JUDGMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF COLOMBIA, T-294/14, PARAGRAPH 137.
[17]	JUDGMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF COLOMBIA, T-294/14, PARAGRAPH 132.
[18]	Black, K., & McBean, E. (2016). Increased Indigenous participation in environmental decision-making: A policy analysis for the improvement of Indigenous health. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 7(4). pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2016.7.4.5
[19]	KRONK, ELIZABETH. A. K. (2016). Environmental justice: a necessary lens to effectively view environmental threats to indigenous survival. Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs., 26, pp. 343-369.
[20]	BERG-NORDLIE, M. (2015). Two centuries of Russian Sámi policy: arrangements for autonomy and participation seen in light of imperial, Soviet and federal indigenous minority policy 1822–2014. Acta borealia, 32(1), 40-67.
[21]	ADEYEYE, Y., HAGERMAN, S., & PELAI, R. (2019). Seeking procedural equity in global environmental governance: Indigenous participation and knowledge politics in forest and landscape restoration debates at the 2016 World Conservation Congress. Forest Policy and Economics, Forest Policy and Economics, Volume 109, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102006
[22]	MOLODECKY, SONIA. 2016. Indigenous Participation in Resource Development: A Paradigm Shift. Working Paper Series N° 196. Rimisp, Santiago, Chile. pp. 1-9.
[23]	DORAN, MARIE. C. (2017). Convention 169 et conceptions des droits et du politique dans les communautés autochtones au Chili: luttes pour la légitimité et conflits pour les ressources naturelles. Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement, 38(2), 216-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1313158
[24]	KOSKO, S. J. (2013). Agency vulnerability, participation, and the self-determination of indigenous peoples. Journal of Global Ethics, 9(3), pp. 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2013.818385
[25]	SCHLOSBERG, D., & CARRUTHERS, D. (2010). Indigenous struggles, environmental justice, and community capabilities. Global Environmental Politics, 10(4), pp. 12-35.
[26]	COLCHESTER, MARCUS. (1996). Colchester, M. (1996). Beyond" participation": indigenous peoples, biological diversity conservation and protected area management. UNASYLVA-FAO-, 33-39.
[27]	DUVIC-PAOLI, L. A. (2012). The Status of the Right to Public Participation in International Environmental Law: An Analysis of the Jurisprudence. Yearbook of International Environmental Law, Vol. 23, No (1), pp. 80-105.
[28]	HILL, R., GRANT, C., GEORGE, M., ROBINSON, C. J., JACKSON, S., & ABEL, N. (2012). A typology of indigenous engagement in Australian environmental management: implications for knowledge integration and social-ecological system sustainability. Ecology and society, 17(1), pp. 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-04587-170123
[29]	JUDGMENT OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Caso Pueblo Indígena Kichwa de Sarayaku Vs. Ecuador. Fondo y reparaciones. Sentencia de 27 de junio de 2012, párrafo 159.
[30]	General Secretariat of the United Nations (2010) Nagoya Protocol Article 12.2.
[31]	AGUILAR CAVALLO, G. (2020). El contenido y los alcances contemporáneos del derecho al acceso a la participación ambiental. Ius et Praxis, 26(2), 78-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-00122020000200078
[32]	NDAYAMBAJE, OLIVIER. (2016). La contribution de la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones à la protection de l’environnement à la lumière de l’affaire Endorois c Kenya. Revue québécoise de droit international/Quebec Journal of International Law/Revista quebequense de derecho internacional, 29(2), pp. 173-190.
[33]	PAIRICAN, FERNANDO. (2015). El retorno de un viejo actor político: el guerrero: Perspectivas para comprender la violencia política en el movimento Mapuche (1990-2010). Comunidad De Historia Mapuche, Awükan ka kuxankan zugu Wajmapu mew: Violencias coloniales en Wajmapu. Temuco, Ediciones Comunidad de Historia Mapuche, 301-323.
[34]	HAUGHNEY, DIANE. (2012). Defending territory, demanding participation: Mapuche struggles in Chile. Latin American Perspectives, 39(4), pp. 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/009458X12441515
[35]	Höhl, J., Rodríguez, S., Siemon, J., & Videla, A. (2021). Governance of water in southern Chile: an analysis of the process of indigenous consultation as a part of environmental impact assessment. Society & Natural Resources, 34(6), 745-764. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.1892893
[36]	ASTUDILLO BECERRA, L. F. (2017). ¿Cumple chile los estándares internacionales en materia de consulta a los pueblos indígenas?: Una breve revisión a los dS N° 66 del ministerio de desarrollo social yn° 40 del ministerio del medio ambiente. Estudios constitucionales, 15(1), 129-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52002017000100005
[37]	TOMASELLI, A. (2013). El derecho a la consulta de los pueblos indígenas en Chile: Avances y desafíos (2009-2012). Iberoamericana–Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 43(113-142). https://doi.org/10.16993/ibero.25
[38]	HENDERSON, H. (2004). Los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos en el orden interno: la importancia del principio pro homine. Revista IIDH, 39(29), 02-023.
[39]	NASH ROJAS, C. (2012). La recepción del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en Chile en Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos en Chile. Recepción y aplicación en el ámbito interno. Universidad de Chile. Centro de Derechos Humanos Santiago de Chile.
[40]	NOGUEIRA LÓPEZ, A. N. (2009). ¿Participación efectiva o quimera procedimental?. In Evaluación de impacto ambiental: evolución normativo-jurisprudencial, cuestiones procedimentales y aplicación sectorial (pp. 121-145). Atelier Libros. Barcelona.
[41]	NIKKEN, P. (2013). El Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos en el derecho interno. Revista del Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, 57, 11-68.
[42]	JUDGMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF CHILE Rol N° 8792-20 de fecha 21 de enero de 2021.
[43]	Supreme Court ruling Chile (Tercera Sala), Rol N° 36.919-2019, de fecha 22 de febrero de 2021.
[44]	Leppe Guzmán, J. P. (2015). Consulta indígena y procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental: Análisis de una relación normativa. Revista de derecho (Valparaíso), (44), 369-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-68512015000100011
[45]	Contesse, Jorge (2010). Consulta y pueblos indígenas: el caso de Chile. Revista de la Fundación para el Debido Proceso Legal (DPLF). 14 (3), pp. 33-34.
[46]	Silva, C., & Parot, G. (2016). Desempeño del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental para canalizar la consulta indígena del Convenio Nº 169 de la OIT. Revista de Derecho Ambiental, (6), 92-118.
[47]	Tamayo, R. S. (2018). La regulación de participación. El caso de la consulta previa en Colombia, Perú y Chile. Via Inveniendi Et Iudicandi, 13(1), 95-118. https://doi.org/10.15332/s1909-0528.2018.0001.03
[48]	Fuenzalida, B. (2015). Desarrollo de la jurisprudencia en Chile sobre la consulta indígena: los casos del Tribunal Constitucional y la Corte Suprema. Revue québécoise de droit international/Quebec Journal of International Law/Revista quebequense de derecho internacional, 149-177. https://doi.org/10.7202/1067945ar
[49]	Supreme Court ruling Chile, Rol N° 20.389-2019 considerando 5º 9 de septiembre de 2020.
[50]	Supreme Court ruling Chile Rol N° 2211-2012, Corte Suprema, 26 de abril de 2012.
[51]	Carrasco Quiroga, E. (2013). Razonabilidad y proporcionalidad: criterios para la determinación de la consulta indígena en proyectos de inversión en el marco del Convenio N 169 de la OIT. Revista chilena de derecho, 40(1), 301-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34372013000100011
[52]	López Vyhmeister, R., & Mohr Aros, T. (2014). Susceptibilidad de afectación directa en la consulta previa del Convenio 169: Análisis de Normas Previstas y de su trato en la Jurisprudencia.¿ Una cuestión de derecho?. Revista de derecho (Valdivia), 27(1), 105-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-09502014000100005
[53]	Guerra, Felipe. (2017). Los Tribunales Ambientales en la implementación de los derechos indígenas durante la evaluación ambiental de proyectos de inversión en Chile. Revista Justicia Ambiental. pp. 19-38.
[54]	Supreme Court ruling Chile Rol N° 28.861-2019, Corte Suprema, voto en contra del Ministro Sr. Muñoz y Ministro (s) Sr. Zepeda, considerando 19º de fecha 10 de agosto de 2020.
[55]	Supreme Court ruling Chile Rol N° 138439-2020, Corte Suprema, 29 de marzo de 2021. Considerando octavo.
[56]	Carmona Caldera, C. (2019). El deber de consultar las concesiones y servidumbres mineras: un comentario a la sentencia Rol Nº91-2017 (acumuladas 92-2017 y 93-2017) de la Corte de Apelaciones de Copiapó. Revista de Derecho (Coquimbo. En línea), 26, e3918. https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-9753-2019-0019
[57]	Carrasco Matas, F. (2017). El derecho minero ante la normativa indígena nacional e internacional. Santiago: Jurídicas de Santiago.
[58]	Henríquez Ramírez, A. (2013). Participación indígena: Desarrollo y alcances en torno a la participación ambiental. Ius et Praxis, 19(2), 251-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-00122013000200008
[59]	Levacher, Claire. (2012) Les sociétés transnationales minières face au droit des peuples autochtones. Quels acteurs, pour quels enjeux?. Étude menée dans le cadre des travaux du GITPA, 15. pp. 1- 37.
[60]	Rea Granados, S. A. (2015). Derecho a la consulta y participación de los pueblos indígenas, la experiencia constitucional en los casos de México y Chile. Boletín mexicano de derecho comparado, 48(144), 1083-1117.
[61]	Rodríguez, I., Inturias, M. L., Robledo, J., Sarti, C., Borel, R., & Melace, A. C. (2015). Abordando la Justicia Ambiental desde la transformación de conflictos: experiencias con Pueblos Indígenas en América Latina. Revista de Paz y Conflictos, 8(2), 97-128.
[62]	Carpenter, K. A., & Riley, A. R. (2014). Indigenous peoples and the jurisgenerative moment in human rights. Calif. L. Rev., 102, 173.
[63]	Fuentes, C., & Cea, M. D. (2017). Reconocimiento débil: derechos de pueblos indígenas en Chile. Perfiles latinoamericanos, 25(49), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2549-003-2017
[64]	Carranza, D. M., Varas-Belemmi, K., De Veer, D., Iglesias-Müller, C., Coral-Santacruz, D., Méndez, F. A.,... & Gaymer, C. F. (2020). Socio-environmental conflicts: An underestimated threat to biodiversity conservation in Chile. Environmental Science & Policy, 110, 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.04.006

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

González, J. L. G. (2025). Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile. Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(2), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

González, J. L. G. Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 2025, 13(2), 48-57. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

González JLG. Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile. J Hum Resour Manag. 2025;13(2):48-57. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13,
  author = {Jorge Luis González González},
  title = {Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile
},
  journal = {Journal of Human Resource Management},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {48-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jhrm.20251302.13},
  abstract = {This research article analyzes standards derived from International Environmental Law and International Human Rights Law on the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, examining their reception and applicability in the Chilean internal legal system. Its objective is to establish the content, scope and limitations of the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, its reception and application in the Chilean legal system. We use dogmatic legal methodology with qualitative techniques and documentary research. It is concluded that, despite having reception and application, there is an incompatibility between what is established in the international standards regarding the right to environmental participation of indigenous peoples and specifically in relation to the right to consultation, with the Chilean internal legal system. If compliance with international obligations is not addressed in good faith, and the rights of indigenous peoples in Chile are not received, applied, formulated and recognized, in accordance with international standards, the right to prior consultation and respect for and guarantee of rights cannot be established. Advancing in the recognition and role of Indigenous Peoples in environmental matters and the recognition of their rights, as well as the protection of nature through shared biocultural governance is a challenge for the Chilean State.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile

AU  - Jorge Luis González González
Y1  - 2025/05/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
T2  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JF  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JO  - Journal of Human Resource Management
SP  - 48
EP  - 57
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0715
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
AB  - This research article analyzes standards derived from International Environmental Law and International Human Rights Law on the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, examining their reception and applicability in the Chilean internal legal system. Its objective is to establish the content, scope and limitations of the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, its reception and application in the Chilean legal system. We use dogmatic legal methodology with qualitative techniques and documentary research. It is concluded that, despite having reception and application, there is an incompatibility between what is established in the international standards regarding the right to environmental participation of indigenous peoples and specifically in relation to the right to consultation, with the Chilean internal legal system. If compliance with international obligations is not addressed in good faith, and the rights of indigenous peoples in Chile are not received, applied, formulated and recognized, in accordance with international standards, the right to prior consultation and respect for and guarantee of rights cannot be established. Advancing in the recognition and role of Indigenous Peoples in environmental matters and the recognition of their rights, as well as the protection of nature through shared biocultural governance is a challenge for the Chilean State.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Jorge Luis González González

School of Law, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-7948

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

González, J. L. G. (2025). Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile. Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(2), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

González, J. L. G. Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 2025, 13(2), 48-57. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

González JLG. Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile. J Hum Resour Manag. 2025;13(2):48-57. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13,
  author = {Jorge Luis González González},
  title = {Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile
},
  journal = {Journal of Human Resource Management},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {48-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jhrm.20251302.13},
  abstract = {This research article analyzes standards derived from International Environmental Law and International Human Rights Law on the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, examining their reception and applicability in the Chilean internal legal system. Its objective is to establish the content, scope and limitations of the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, its reception and application in the Chilean legal system. We use dogmatic legal methodology with qualitative techniques and documentary research. It is concluded that, despite having reception and application, there is an incompatibility between what is established in the international standards regarding the right to environmental participation of indigenous peoples and specifically in relation to the right to consultation, with the Chilean internal legal system. If compliance with international obligations is not addressed in good faith, and the rights of indigenous peoples in Chile are not received, applied, formulated and recognized, in accordance with international standards, the right to prior consultation and respect for and guarantee of rights cannot be established. Advancing in the recognition and role of Indigenous Peoples in environmental matters and the recognition of their rights, as well as the protection of nature through shared biocultural governance is a challenge for the Chilean State.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Right Environmental Participation of Indigenous in Chile

AU  - Jorge Luis González González
Y1  - 2025/05/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
T2  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JF  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JO  - Journal of Human Resource Management
SP  - 48
EP  - 57
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0715
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20251302.13
AB  - This research article analyzes standards derived from International Environmental Law and International Human Rights Law on the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, examining their reception and applicability in the Chilean internal legal system. Its objective is to establish the content, scope and limitations of the right to environmental participation of Indigenous Peoples, its reception and application in the Chilean legal system. We use dogmatic legal methodology with qualitative techniques and documentary research. It is concluded that, despite having reception and application, there is an incompatibility between what is established in the international standards regarding the right to environmental participation of indigenous peoples and specifically in relation to the right to consultation, with the Chilean internal legal system. If compliance with international obligations is not addressed in good faith, and the rights of indigenous peoples in Chile are not received, applied, formulated and recognized, in accordance with international standards, the right to prior consultation and respect for and guarantee of rights cannot be established. Advancing in the recognition and role of Indigenous Peoples in environmental matters and the recognition of their rights, as well as the protection of nature through shared biocultural governance is a challenge for the Chilean State.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download