Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital

Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital

Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André^*

Published in Medicine and Health Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 1 September 2025 Accepted: 10 September 2025 Published: 8 December 2025

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Abstract

Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high prevalence of these comorbidities and overexposure to numerous risk factors, little data is available on comorbidity screening in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in children born HIV-positive to HIV-seropositive mothers with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methods: Participants included in this study came for consultation at the Authorized Treatment Center of the YUTH and were selected based on their risk of developing a comorbidity (CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio < 1). The study was cross-sectional and lasted 1 year. After administering a questionnaire, a blood sample was obtained from each participant, then analyzed for immunophenotyping using Becton Dickinson equipment. After centrifugation, the extracted plasma was used with the Toxoplasma, Rubeola virus, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Virus (TORCH) Kit, Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) Kit, HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) kit, HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) kit to search for specific IgG antibodies or antigens. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A p-value <0.05 was statistically significant at a 95% CI. Results: Of the 74 participants, 69% were girls versus 31% boys. The co-infection that most affected study participants was related to EBV at 22.97% (n=17), followed by CMV at 12.2% (n=9). The lowest positivity rate was found associated with the rubella virus (RV) at 5.41% (n=4). According to these results, only co-infections associated with HBV, HCV, RV, and Toxoplasma were found to be significant. The most frequently observed comorbidities were type I diabetes (4.05%), prostatitis (1.35%), and renal insufficiency (1.35%). A low CD4:CD8 ratio < 1 was significantly correlated with the number of comorbidities. Conclusion: It follows that people living with HIV presenting a low lymphocyte ratio are at risk of developing a comorbidity.

Published in	Medicine and Health Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

EBV, HIV, PLHIV, YUTH

References

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André, M. C. (2025). Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Medicine and Health Sciences, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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André, M. C. Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Med. Health Sci. 2025, 1(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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AMA Style

André MC. Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Med Health Sci. 2025;1(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11,
  author = {Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André},
  title = {Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital},
  journal = {Medicine and Health Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mhs.20250101.11},
  abstract = {Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high prevalence of these comorbidities and overexposure to numerous risk factors, little data is available on comorbidity screening in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in children born HIV-positive to HIV-seropositive mothers with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methods: Participants included in this study came for consultation at the Authorized Treatment Center of the YUTH and were selected based on their risk of developing a comorbidity (CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio Results: Of the 74 participants, 69% were girls versus 31% boys. The co-infection that most affected study participants was related to EBV at 22.97% (n=17), followed by CMV at 12.2% (n=9). The lowest positivity rate was found associated with the rubella virus (RV) at 5.41% (n=4). According to these results, only co-infections associated with HBV, HCV, RV, and Toxoplasma were found to be significant. The most frequently observed comorbidities were type I diabetes (4.05%), prostatitis (1.35%), and renal insufficiency (1.35%). A low CD4:CD8 ratio Conclusion: It follows that people living with HIV presenting a low lymphocyte ratio are at risk of developing a comorbidity.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital
AU  - Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André
Y1  - 2025/12/08
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
T2  - Medicine and Health Sciences
JF  - Medicine and Health Sciences
JO  - Medicine and Health Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
AB  - Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high prevalence of these comorbidities and overexposure to numerous risk factors, little data is available on comorbidity screening in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in children born HIV-positive to HIV-seropositive mothers with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methods: Participants included in this study came for consultation at the Authorized Treatment Center of the YUTH and were selected based on their risk of developing a comorbidity (CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio Results: Of the 74 participants, 69% were girls versus 31% boys. The co-infection that most affected study participants was related to EBV at 22.97% (n=17), followed by CMV at 12.2% (n=9). The lowest positivity rate was found associated with the rubella virus (RV) at 5.41% (n=4). According to these results, only co-infections associated with HBV, HCV, RV, and Toxoplasma were found to be significant. The most frequently observed comorbidities were type I diabetes (4.05%), prostatitis (1.35%), and renal insufficiency (1.35%). A low CD4:CD8 ratio Conclusion: It follows that people living with HIV presenting a low lymphocyte ratio are at risk of developing a comorbidity.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André

Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

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http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-6438

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André, M. C. (2025). Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Medicine and Health Sciences, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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André, M. C. Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Med. Health Sci. 2025, 1(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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AMA Style

André MC. Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Med Health Sci. 2025;1(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11,
  author = {Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André},
  title = {Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital},
  journal = {Medicine and Health Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mhs.20250101.11},
  abstract = {Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high prevalence of these comorbidities and overexposure to numerous risk factors, little data is available on comorbidity screening in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in children born HIV-positive to HIV-seropositive mothers with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methods: Participants included in this study came for consultation at the Authorized Treatment Center of the YUTH and were selected based on their risk of developing a comorbidity (CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio Results: Of the 74 participants, 69% were girls versus 31% boys. The co-infection that most affected study participants was related to EBV at 22.97% (n=17), followed by CMV at 12.2% (n=9). The lowest positivity rate was found associated with the rubella virus (RV) at 5.41% (n=4). According to these results, only co-infections associated with HBV, HCV, RV, and Toxoplasma were found to be significant. The most frequently observed comorbidities were type I diabetes (4.05%), prostatitis (1.35%), and renal insufficiency (1.35%). A low CD4:CD8 ratio Conclusion: It follows that people living with HIV presenting a low lymphocyte ratio are at risk of developing a comorbidity.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital
AU  - Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André
Y1  - 2025/12/08
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
T2  - Medicine and Health Sciences
JF  - Medicine and Health Sciences
JO  - Medicine and Health Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.11
AB  - Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high prevalence of these comorbidities and overexposure to numerous risk factors, little data is available on comorbidity screening in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in children born HIV-positive to HIV-seropositive mothers with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methods: Participants included in this study came for consultation at the Authorized Treatment Center of the YUTH and were selected based on their risk of developing a comorbidity (CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio Results: Of the 74 participants, 69% were girls versus 31% boys. The co-infection that most affected study participants was related to EBV at 22.97% (n=17), followed by CMV at 12.2% (n=9). The lowest positivity rate was found associated with the rubella virus (RV) at 5.41% (n=4). According to these results, only co-infections associated with HBV, HCV, RV, and Toxoplasma were found to be significant. The most frequently observed comorbidities were type I diabetes (4.05%), prostatitis (1.35%), and renal insufficiency (1.35%). A low CD4:CD8 ratio Conclusion: It follows that people living with HIV presenting a low lymphocyte ratio are at risk of developing a comorbidity.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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