Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria

Essien I. E.; Nyong A. B.; Akankpo A. O.; Ekott E. E.; Umoh U. A.; Inyang A. J.

doi:doi:10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria

Essien I. E., Nyong A. B., Akankpo A. O., Ekott E. E., Umoh U. A., Inyang A. J.

Published in Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 5 January 2017 Accepted: 19 January 2017 Published: 26 April 2017

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Abstract

Radionuclides are found in different media including, soils, air, water, plants, vegetables, and in fruits etc. These radionuclides and their isotopes contaminate the environmentand could cause deleterious effect on human beings when ingested or inhaled. The cocoa plantation is a new plantation developed two years ago in the State for resource management and enhanced cocoa production. In situ measurement of the background ionising radiation was conducted with Radex (1212) radiation survey meterwhich measured background ionising radiation level in micro Seviert per hour. The measured values were converted to annual equivalent dose rate and annual effective dose. The mean background ionizing radiation (BIR) measured was obtained as 0.083µSv/hr and a mean annual BIR of 0.727mSv/yr. The obtained mean annual BIR obtained is lower than the worldwide BIRof 2.4 mSv/yr. The annual equivalent dose rate of radiation obtained in the plantation was ranged between 0.1261 to 0.2067mSv/yr with a mean value of 0.1454 mSv/yr. The mean annual effective dose was 0.1015 mSv/yr and lower than the recommended 1 mSv/yr as a safety limit for the public. Therefore regulatory controls are not necessary for now as this is a new plantation.

Published in	Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13
Page(s)	13-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Background Ionising Radiation, Annual Equivalent Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Cocoa, NORM, Radionuclides

References

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[15]	Etuk, S. E., George, N. J, Essien, I. E. and Nwokolo, S. C (2015). Assessment of radiation exposure levels within Ikot Akpaden Campus of AkwaIbom State University, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 7(3): 86-91.
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APA Style

Essien I. E., Nyong A. B., Akankpo A. O., Ekott E. E., Umoh U. A., et al. (2017). Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Radiation Science and Technology, 3(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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ACS Style

Essien I. E.; Nyong A. B.; Akankpo A. O.; Ekott E. E.; Umoh U. A., et al. Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2017, 3(2), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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AMA Style

Essien I. E., Nyong A. B., Akankpo A. O., Ekott E. E., Umoh U. A., et al. Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Radiat Sci Technol. 2017;3(2):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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@article{10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13,
  author = {Essien I. E. and Nyong A. B. and Akankpo A. O. and Ekott E. E. and Umoh U. A. and Inyang A. J.},
  title = {Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20170302.13},
  abstract = {Radionuclides are found in different media including, soils, air, water, plants, vegetables, and in fruits etc. These radionuclides and their isotopes contaminate the environmentand could cause deleterious effect on human beings when ingested or inhaled. The cocoa plantation is a new plantation developed two years ago in the State for resource management and enhanced cocoa production. In situ measurement of the background ionising radiation was conducted with Radex (1212) radiation survey meterwhich measured background ionising radiation level in micro Seviert per hour. The measured values were converted to annual equivalent dose rate and annual effective dose. The mean background ionizing radiation (BIR) measured was obtained as 0.083µSv/hr and a mean annual BIR of 0.727mSv/yr. The obtained mean annual BIR obtained is lower than the worldwide BIRof 2.4 mSv/yr. The annual equivalent dose rate of radiation obtained in the plantation was ranged between 0.1261 to 0.2067mSv/yr with a mean value of 0.1454 mSv/yr. The mean annual effective dose was 0.1015 mSv/yr and lower than the recommended 1 mSv/yr as a safety limit for the public. Therefore regulatory controls are not necessary for now as this is a new plantation.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria
AU - Essien I. E.
AU - Nyong A. B.
AU - Akankpo A. O.
AU - Ekott E. E.
AU - Umoh U. A.
AU - Inyang A. J.
Y1 - 2017/04/26
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13
DO - 10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13
T2 - Radiation Science and Technology
JF - Radiation Science and Technology
JO - Radiation Science and Technology
SP - 13
EP - 17
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5943
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13
AB - Radionuclides are found in different media including, soils, air, water, plants, vegetables, and in fruits etc. These radionuclides and their isotopes contaminate the environmentand could cause deleterious effect on human beings when ingested or inhaled. The cocoa plantation is a new plantation developed two years ago in the State for resource management and enhanced cocoa production. In situ measurement of the background ionising radiation was conducted with Radex (1212) radiation survey meterwhich measured background ionising radiation level in micro Seviert per hour. The measured values were converted to annual equivalent dose rate and annual effective dose. The mean background ionizing radiation (BIR) measured was obtained as 0.083µSv/hr and a mean annual BIR of 0.727mSv/yr. The obtained mean annual BIR obtained is lower than the worldwide BIRof 2.4 mSv/yr. The annual equivalent dose rate of radiation obtained in the plantation was ranged between 0.1261 to 0.2067mSv/yr with a mean value of 0.1454 mSv/yr. The mean annual effective dose was 0.1015 mSv/yr and lower than the recommended 1 mSv/yr as a safety limit for the public. Therefore regulatory controls are not necessary for now as this is a new plantation.
VL - 3
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Essien I. E.

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Nyong A. B.

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Akankpo A. O.

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Ekott E. E.

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Umoh U. A.

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Inyang A. J.

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

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APA Style

Essien I. E., Nyong A. B., Akankpo A. O., Ekott E. E., Umoh U. A., et al. (2017). Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Radiation Science and Technology, 3(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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ACS Style

Essien I. E.; Nyong A. B.; Akankpo A. O.; Ekott E. E.; Umoh U. A., et al. Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2017, 3(2), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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AMA Style

Essien I. E., Nyong A. B., Akankpo A. O., Ekott E. E., Umoh U. A., et al. Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Radiat Sci Technol. 2017;3(2):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13

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@article{10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13,
  author = {Essien I. E. and Nyong A. B. and Akankpo A. O. and Ekott E. E. and Umoh U. A. and Inyang A. J.},
  title = {Baseline Evaluation of Background Ionising Radiation in Cocoa Plantation in Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20170302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20170302.13},
  abstract = {Radionuclides are found in different media including, soils, air, water, plants, vegetables, and in fruits etc. These radionuclides and their isotopes contaminate the environmentand could cause deleterious effect on human beings when ingested or inhaled. The cocoa plantation is a new plantation developed two years ago in the State for resource management and enhanced cocoa production. In situ measurement of the background ionising radiation was conducted with Radex (1212) radiation survey meterwhich measured background ionising radiation level in micro Seviert per hour. The measured values were converted to annual equivalent dose rate and annual effective dose. The mean background ionizing radiation (BIR) measured was obtained as 0.083µSv/hr and a mean annual BIR of 0.727mSv/yr. The obtained mean annual BIR obtained is lower than the worldwide BIRof 2.4 mSv/yr. The annual equivalent dose rate of radiation obtained in the plantation was ranged between 0.1261 to 0.2067mSv/yr with a mean value of 0.1454 mSv/yr. The mean annual effective dose was 0.1015 mSv/yr and lower than the recommended 1 mSv/yr as a safety limit for the public. Therefore regulatory controls are not necessary for now as this is a new plantation.},
 year = {2017}
}

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