Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions

Isaías Silvestre Sitoe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

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Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions

Isaías Silvestre Sitoe^*

Published in Science Journal of Education (Volume 13, Issue 6)

Received: 2 July 2025 Accepted: 18 August 2025 Published: 9 December 2025

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Abstract

Girls' academic achievement in secondary school is a reality and is a major concern for schools, families and the community in general. This problematic paradigm violates the principles of the development and education process stipulated in Jan Piaget's theory of human development or education. This study aims to analyze the academic performance of girls in a situation of premature union in secondary schools in Mozambique. Therefore, this study had a qualitative and exploratory method, the population of this research was made up of 22 participants or informants. Whose, 4 members of the School Council, made up of (father and mother class) from the school, 6 teachers from different classes, including the Director and 4 responsible from the same community, also, 6 students in a premature union situation and finally 2 members of school partners (NGO involved). The treatment and analysis of the results corresponded to the following categories: pre-analysis which was based on the reflection of data collected in the field, exploration of the material which focused on the exploration of articles, monographs, dissertations and theses for the theoretical support of the study and analysis of the results. Where it was based on the treatments of data collected in the study. The research results showed that girls' low academic performance in premature union situations. This is combined with external and individual factors. External factors include: premature unions, where girls, due to lack of basic resources, are subjected to premature unions in exchange for favors in the form of money or even material goods.

Published in	Science Journal of Education (Volume 13, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
Page(s)	193-202
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Premature Union, School Achievement, School and Girl

References

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[2]	BASSIANO, V., & LIMA, C. A (2018), Premature Births in Mozambique: Causes and Consequences of School Dropout. Images of Education, v. 8, n. 2, e43085, 2018.
[3]	CARDOSO, I. C. B. de V. (2010). Gender Equity in Mozambique: The Contribution of Graça Machel. (Master's Thesis). University of Aveiro, Department of Languages and Cultures. Aveiro, Portugal, 2010.
[4]	CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE of 2004 (2004). Maputo: Imprensa Nacional, 2004. Retrieved: http://www.girlchildrights.org/index.php/publications
[5]	DOLA, P. R. (2018). Causes of Girls' Dropout in Mozambican Schools. Mozambique.
[6]	ENPCCPM - National Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Premature Births in Mozambique 2016-2019 (2015). Maputo, Mozambique. Retrieved on December 5, 2023, from http://www.unicef.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/estrategia-nacionaldeprevencao-e-combate-dos-união-prematuros-em-mocambique.pdf
[7]	FERNANDO, S. (2019). Nacarrôa and Early Pregnancies: Initiation Rites Hasten the Start of Sexual Life. Jornal Notícias. March 23, 2019.
[8]	FRANCISCO, A. (2014). Situation of Premature Births in Mozambique. Paper presented at the IV National Conference on Women and Gender. Civil Society Forum for the Rights of the Child (ROSC), Maputo, Mozambique. Retrieved November 2, 2023, from http://www.rosc.org.mz
[9]	GIGA. O. M. (2019). Contributions to the Characterization of Girls' School Dropout in Mozambique: A Case Study of Anchilo Secondary School, Nampula Province. Dissertation. University Institute of Lisbon. ISCT-IUL. October.
[10]	IBRAIMO, M. N., & MACHADO, J. (2014). The School Council as a Space for Community Participation. REID Electronic Journal and Development of UCMISSN. 2 pp. 24-38. Retrieved February 27, 2024, from http://reid.ucm.ac.mz/index.php/reid/article/view/24/24
[11]	JANUÁRIO, T. J. (2016). Causes of School Dropout at the Joaquim Marra Chimoio Industrial and Commercial Institute (2010-2014). Dissertation. Catholic University of Mozambique. UCM. March 2016.
[12]	LAW NO. 10 of August 10, 2004 (2004). Approves the Family Law in Mozambique. Official Gazette. Series I, Number 34. Retrieved on December 5, 2023, from http://jafbase.fr/docAfrique/Mozambique/Lei%2010.2004%20%20Lei%20da%20Familia.pdf
[13]	LEMOS, G. ALMEIDA. (2008). Intelligence and academic achievement: analysis of their relationship throughout schooling.
[14]	MARQUES, P. B., & CASTANHO, M. I. S. (209). What is school based on the meaning constructed by students. Biannual Journal of the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology. São Paulo. Vol. 15.
[15]	MINEDH, (2016). Gender strategy for the education and human development sector for the period 2016-2020. Maputo.
[16]	Ministry of Education and Human Development (MINEDH). (2010). Strategic Planning for Education 2010-2019. MINEDH. Maputo.
[17]	MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF MOZAMBIQUE (2019). Strategic Planning for Education 2010-2016 (2nd printing). Maputo, Mozambique.
[18]	MUCOPELA, V. M. (2016). School dropout in Mozambique: educational policies, local culture, and school practices. Thesis presented for the degree of doctor. Lisbon.
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[20]	OSÓRIO, C., & MACUÁCUA, E. (2013). Initiation Rites in the Current Context: Adjustments, Ruptures, and Confrontations. Constructing Gender Identities. Publisher: Maria José Arthur. Maputo, Mozambique. Retrieved on February 27, 2024, from http://www.wlsa.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2014/9/Ritos2013.pdf
[21]	PINTO S. M. X. (2017). Premature Marriage in the Context of Female Initiation Rites Practiced by the Macua Ethnic Group: Perspectives of Graduates in Social Work. Master's Dissertation, Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal. https://repositorioaberto.uab.pt/bitstream/10400.2/7019/1/TMRI_SaraPinto.pdf
[22]	SITOE, C. (2017). Premature Marriage in Mozambique: Causes and Consequences of Poverty. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from http://www.civilinfo.org.mz/files/
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APA Style

Sitoe, I. S. (2025). Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions. Science Journal of Education, 13(6), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

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Sitoe, I. S. Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions. Sci. J. Educ. 2025, 13(6), 193-202. doi: 10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

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AMA Style

Sitoe IS. Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions. Sci J Educ. 2025;13(6):193-202. doi: 10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13,
  author = {Isaías Silvestre Sitoe},
  title = {Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions},
  journal = {Science Journal of Education},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {193-202},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjedu.20251306.13},
  abstract = {Girls' academic achievement in secondary school is a reality and is a major concern for schools, families and the community in general. This problematic paradigm violates the principles of the development and education process stipulated in Jan Piaget's theory of human development or education. This study aims to analyze the academic performance of girls in a situation of premature union in secondary schools in Mozambique. Therefore, this study had a qualitative and exploratory method, the population of this research was made up of 22 participants or informants. Whose, 4 members of the School Council, made up of (father and mother class) from the school, 6 teachers from different classes, including the Director and 4 responsible from the same community, also, 6 students in a premature union situation and finally 2 members of school partners (NGO involved). The treatment and analysis of the results corresponded to the following categories: pre-analysis which was based on the reflection of data collected in the field, exploration of the material which focused on the exploration of articles, monographs, dissertations and theses for the theoretical support of the study and analysis of the results. Where it was based on the treatments of data collected in the study. The research results showed that girls' low academic performance in premature union situations. This is combined with external and individual factors. External factors include: premature unions, where girls, due to lack of basic resources, are subjected to premature unions in exchange for favors in the form of money or even material goods.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions
AU  - Isaías Silvestre Sitoe
Y1  - 2025/12/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
T2  - Science Journal of Education
JF  - Science Journal of Education
JO  - Science Journal of Education
SP  - 193
EP  - 202
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0897
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
AB  - Girls' academic achievement in secondary school is a reality and is a major concern for schools, families and the community in general. This problematic paradigm violates the principles of the development and education process stipulated in Jan Piaget's theory of human development or education. This study aims to analyze the academic performance of girls in a situation of premature union in secondary schools in Mozambique. Therefore, this study had a qualitative and exploratory method, the population of this research was made up of 22 participants or informants. Whose, 4 members of the School Council, made up of (father and mother class) from the school, 6 teachers from different classes, including the Director and 4 responsible from the same community, also, 6 students in a premature union situation and finally 2 members of school partners (NGO involved). The treatment and analysis of the results corresponded to the following categories: pre-analysis which was based on the reflection of data collected in the field, exploration of the material which focused on the exploration of articles, monographs, dissertations and theses for the theoretical support of the study and analysis of the results. Where it was based on the treatments of data collected in the study. The research results showed that girls' low academic performance in premature union situations. This is combined with external and individual factors. External factors include: premature unions, where girls, due to lack of basic resources, are subjected to premature unions in exchange for favors in the form of money or even material goods.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Isaías Silvestre Sitoe

Education Sciences and Psychology, Save-Massinga University, Massinga, Mozambique

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http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1429-7372

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APA Style

Sitoe, I. S. (2025). Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions. Science Journal of Education, 13(6), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

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ACS Style

Sitoe, I. S. Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions. Sci. J. Educ. 2025, 13(6), 193-202. doi: 10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sitoe IS. Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions. Sci J Educ. 2025;13(6):193-202. doi: 10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13,
  author = {Isaías Silvestre Sitoe},
  title = {Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions},
  journal = {Science Journal of Education},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {193-202},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjedu.20251306.13},
  abstract = {Girls' academic achievement in secondary school is a reality and is a major concern for schools, families and the community in general. This problematic paradigm violates the principles of the development and education process stipulated in Jan Piaget's theory of human development or education. This study aims to analyze the academic performance of girls in a situation of premature union in secondary schools in Mozambique. Therefore, this study had a qualitative and exploratory method, the population of this research was made up of 22 participants or informants. Whose, 4 members of the School Council, made up of (father and mother class) from the school, 6 teachers from different classes, including the Director and 4 responsible from the same community, also, 6 students in a premature union situation and finally 2 members of school partners (NGO involved). The treatment and analysis of the results corresponded to the following categories: pre-analysis which was based on the reflection of data collected in the field, exploration of the material which focused on the exploration of articles, monographs, dissertations and theses for the theoretical support of the study and analysis of the results. Where it was based on the treatments of data collected in the study. The research results showed that girls' low academic performance in premature union situations. This is combined with external and individual factors. External factors include: premature unions, where girls, due to lack of basic resources, are subjected to premature unions in exchange for favors in the form of money or even material goods.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of the Academic Performance of Girls in Premature Unions
AU  - Isaías Silvestre Sitoe
Y1  - 2025/12/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
T2  - Science Journal of Education
JF  - Science Journal of Education
JO  - Science Journal of Education
SP  - 193
EP  - 202
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0897
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20251306.13
AB  - Girls' academic achievement in secondary school is a reality and is a major concern for schools, families and the community in general. This problematic paradigm violates the principles of the development and education process stipulated in Jan Piaget's theory of human development or education. This study aims to analyze the academic performance of girls in a situation of premature union in secondary schools in Mozambique. Therefore, this study had a qualitative and exploratory method, the population of this research was made up of 22 participants or informants. Whose, 4 members of the School Council, made up of (father and mother class) from the school, 6 teachers from different classes, including the Director and 4 responsible from the same community, also, 6 students in a premature union situation and finally 2 members of school partners (NGO involved). The treatment and analysis of the results corresponded to the following categories: pre-analysis which was based on the reflection of data collected in the field, exploration of the material which focused on the exploration of articles, monographs, dissertations and theses for the theoretical support of the study and analysis of the results. Where it was based on the treatments of data collected in the study. The research results showed that girls' low academic performance in premature union situations. This is combined with external and individual factors. External factors include: premature unions, where girls, due to lack of basic resources, are subjected to premature unions in exchange for favors in the form of money or even material goods.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download