Solar thermal power generation systems have emerged as a promising solution to address the urgent need for clean and sustainable energy sources. By harnessing the sun's abundant energy and incorporating thermal storage capabilities, these systems offer a reliable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional power generation methods. The special issue aims to explore the broader scope of solar thermal power generation systems, encompassing technological advancements, system design and optimization, integration with other energy sources, environmental impact assessment, economic feasibility, and policy considerations. It seeks to gather research articles, reviews, and case studies that contribute to the understanding and development of solar thermal technologies, facilitating their effective deployment in the transition towards sustainable and low-carbon energy systems. With their ability to provide electricity on demand, zero greenhouse gas emissions, small land footprint, and compatibility with existing power grids, solar thermal power generation systems have the potential to play a vital role in meeting the increasing global energy demand while reducing environmental impact. This special issue serves as a platform to foster knowledge exchange and collaboration among researchers, engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders in advancing the field of solar thermal power generation and accelerating the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.