New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency

Yanyun Xia; Shuxi He

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

| Peer-Reviewed

New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency

Yanyun Xia, Shuxi He

Published in International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 2 February 2021 Accepted: 20 February 2021 Published: 3 March 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Convergency insufficiency is typical symptoms such as blurring of distant vision, reexamination of near vision, jumping words and walking while reading, visual fatigue and so on after reading or working closely for a period of time, According to the corresponding symptoms and signs, visual function tests were carried out, such as far and near eye position, accommodative response (BCC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation amplitude (AMP), etc., The detected visual function data were evaluated according to the normal value of Morgan and Sherad criteria. In daily life, people not only require clear vision, but also pay great attention to the comfort of using eyes, and the convergency insufficiency has become one of the important factors hindering the clarity, persistence and comfort of vision. Making binocular vision system to produce the cognition of regulation, convergence and eye movement through various methods such as optics, psychology and physics, vision therapy improves the application ability of eye vision system, and finally cures visual function problems such as visual fatigue, adjustment and convergence abnormality. We review the incidence, pathogenesis, new progress in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, the mechanism of visual formation and the basic principles of visual training.

Published in	International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
Page(s)	41-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Convergency Insufficiency, The Pathogenesis of Convergency Insufficiency, Vision Therapy

References

[1]	Barnhardt Carmen, Cotter Susan A, Mitchell G Lynn et al. Symptoms in children with convergence insufficiency: before and after treatment. [J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2012, 89: 1512-20.
[2]	Singman Eric L, Matta Noelle S, Silbert David I, Convergence insufficiency associated with migraine: a case series. [J]. Am Orthopt J, 2014, 64: 112-6.
[3]	Wang Guangxi. binocular vision [M]. Beijing: people's Health Publishing House, 2004. 62-76.
[4]	Li Lihua. Causes and treatment of functional vision loss [J]. Chinese Journal of glasses Science and Technology, 2017 (23): 97-99.
[5]	Zhou Jun. Differential diagnosis and treatment of three kinds of binocular visual dysfunction [J]. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018 Journal of Ophthalmology 18 (07): 1245-1246.
[6]	Li Guanping. Application of visual function training in the treatment of amblyopia and strabismus [J]. Chinese Journal of glasses Science and Technology, 2013 (11): 116-119.19.
[7]	Ángel García-Muñoz, Stela Carbonell-Bonete, Pilar Cacho-Martínez. Symptomatology associated with accommodative and binocular vision anomalies [J]. Journal of Optometry, 2014, 7 (4).
[8]	Vestergaard Anders, Ivarsen Anders, Asp Sven et al. Femtosecond (FS) laser vision correction procedure for moderate to high myopia: a prospective study of ReLEx(®) flex and comparison with a retrospective study of FS-laser in situ keratomileusis. [J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2013, 91: 355-62.
[9]	Scheiman M, Gallaway M, Coulter R, et al. Prevalence of vision and ocular disease conditions in a clinical pediatric population [J]. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 1996, 67 (4): 193-202.
[10]	Jang Jung Un, Park Inn-Jee, Prevalence of general binocular dysfunctions among rural schoolchildren in South Korea. [J]. Taiwan J Ophthalmol, 2015, 5: 177-181.
[11]	Ghadban Rafif, Martinez Jennifer M, Diehl Nancy N, Mohney Brian G. The incidence and clinical characteristics of adult-onset convergence insufficiency. [J]. Ophthalmology, 2015, 122 (5).
[12]	Hoseini-Yazdi Seyed Hosein, Yekta Abbas Ali, Nouri Hosein, Heravian Javad, Ostadimoghaddam Hadi, Khabazkhoob Mehdi. Frequency of convergence and accommodative disorders in a clinical population of Mashhad, Iran. [J]. Strabismus, 2015, 23 (1).
[13]	Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana, Rakshit Archayeeta, Singh Neeraj Kumar, George Ronnie, Swaminathan Meenakshi, Kapur Suman, Scheiman Mitchell, Ramani Krishna Kumar. Prevalence of non-strabismic anomalies of binocular vision in Tamil Nadu: report 2 of BAND study. [J]. Clinical & experimental optometry, 2017, 100 (6).
[14]	Yang Yue. The incidence of insufficient aggregation in myopic people [J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Technology, 2018 (05): 125-127.
[15]	Chen Xiaoqin. Clinical analysis of aggregation and regulation function in patients with myopia and study of its changes after SMILE surgery [D]. Tianjin Medical University, 2017.
[16]	Liu Ruilin. Data analysis of collection and regulation function in adult myopic patients [J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Technology, 2018 (21): 121122.
[17]	Guyton David L, The 10th Bielschowsky Lecture. Changes in strabismus over time: the roles of vergence tonus and muscle length adaptation. [J]. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q, 2006, 21: 81-92.
[18]	Scott A B, Change of eye muscle sarcomeres according to eye position. [J]. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 1994, 31: 85-8.
[19]	Saunte Jon Peiter, Holmes Jonathan M, Sustained improvement of reading symptoms following botulinum toxin A injection for convergence insufficiency. [J]. Strabismus, 2014, 22: 95-9.
[20]	Cooper Jeffrey, Jamal Nadine, Convergence insufficiency-a major review. [J]. Optometry, 2012, 83: 137-58.
[21]	Rucker Janet C, Neuro-ophthalmology of systemic disease. [J]. Semin Neurol, 2009, 29: 111-23.
[22]	Bek Semai, Genc Gencer, Demirkaya Seref et al. Ophthalmoplegic migraine. [J]. Neurologist, 2009, 15: 147-9.
[23]	Zhang Wei. The neural mechanism of visual formation [J]. Ophthalmic Research, 2002 (05): 47247.
[24]	Paffen CLE, Verstraten FAJ, Vidnyanszky Z. Attention-based perceptual learning increases binocular rivalry suppression of irrelevant visual features [J]. Journal of Vision, 2008, 8 (4): 25-25.
[25]	Chen Zidong, Li Jinrong, Liu Jing et al. Monocular perceptual learning of contrast detection facilitates binocular combination in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. [J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 20187.
[26]	Huang J, Zhou Y, Liu C, et al. The neural basis of spatial vision losses in the dysfunctional visual system [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7 (1): 11376.
[27]	Moritz Chet, A giant step for spinal cord injury research. [J]. Nat. Neurosci., 2018, 21: 1647-1648.
[28]	Guo Yan, Wang Ping, XI Zhengyan, Luo Jun, Zhang Jinmei. Effect of binocular vision training on postoperative binocular visual function reconstruction in children with intermittent exotropia [J]. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2013 13 (07): 1338-1340.
[29]	Li Xiaoxia, Li Baibing, Zhou Chunyuan, Lu Yan. Research progress of visual function remodeling after optic nerve injury [J]. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019 Journal of Ophthalmology 19 (09): 1512-1515.
[30]	Zhang Qi, he Lidong, Deng Qian, Ma Yaling. Analysis of the curative effect of comprehensive therapy for children with amblyopia [J]. Journal of Ningxia Medical University, 2011 Journal 33 (11): 1075-1077.
[31]	Ciuffreda Kenneth J, The scientific basis for and efficacy of optometric vision therapy in nonstrabismic accommodative and vergence disorders. [J]. Optometry, 2002, 73: 735-62.
[32]	Lavrich Judith B, Convergence insufficiency and its current treatment. [J]. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2010, 21: 356-60.
[33]	Sethi HS, Saxena R, Sharma P, Sinha A. Home exercises for convergence insufficiency in children (editorial). Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124: 287.
[34]	Nabovati Payam, Kamali Mohammad, Mirzajani Ali et al. The effect of base-in prism on vision-related symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency; a placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. [J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2020, 40: 8-16.
[35]	Dusek Wolfgang A, Pierscionek Barbara K, McClelland Julie F, An evaluation of clinical treatment of convergence insufficiency for children with reading difficulties. [J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2011, 11: 21.
[36]	Scheiman Mitchell, Treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children with a home-based computer orthoptic exercise program. [J]. J AAPOS, 2011, 15: 123-4.
[37]	McGregor Mary Lou, Convergence insufficiency and vision therapy. [J]. Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 2014, 61: 621-30.
[38]	Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group, Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children. [J]. Arch. Ophthalmol., 2008, 126: 1336-49. Jang Jung Un, Jang Jung Yun, Tai-Hyung Kim et al. Effectiveness of Vision Therapy in School Children with Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency. [J]. J Ophthalmic Vis Res, 2017, 12: 187-192.
[39]	Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana, Shah Prerana, Ramani Krishna Kumar et al. Efficacy of vision therapy in children with learning disability and associated binocular vision anomalies. [J]. J Optom, 2018, 11: 40-48.
[40]	Alvarez Tara L, Jaswal Raj, Gohel Suril, Biswal Bharat B. Functional activity within the frontal eye fields, posterior parietal cortex, and cerebellar vermis significantly correlates to symmetrical vergence peak velocity: an ROI-based, fMRI study of vergence training. [J]. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 2014, 8.
[41]	Alvarez T L, Vicci V R, Alkan Y, et al. Vision Therapy in Adults with Convergence Insufficiency: Clinical and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures [J]. Optometry and Vision Science. 2010, 87 (12): E985-E1002.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yanyun Xia, Shuxi He. (2021). New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 6(1), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yanyun Xia; Shuxi He. New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021, 6(1), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yanyun Xia, Shuxi He. New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;6(1):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16,
  author = {Yanyun Xia and Shuxi He},
  title = {New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency},
  journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20210601.16},
  abstract = {Convergency insufficiency is typical symptoms such as blurring of distant vision, reexamination of near vision, jumping words and walking while reading, visual fatigue and so on after reading or working closely for a period of time, According to the corresponding symptoms and signs, visual function tests were carried out, such as far and near eye position, accommodative response (BCC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation amplitude (AMP), etc., The detected visual function data were evaluated according to the normal value of Morgan and Sherad criteria. In daily life, people not only require clear vision, but also pay great attention to the comfort of using eyes, and the convergency insufficiency has become one of the important factors hindering the clarity, persistence and comfort of vision. Making binocular vision system to produce the cognition of regulation, convergence and eye movement through various methods such as optics, psychology and physics, vision therapy improves the application ability of eye vision system, and finally cures visual function problems such as visual fatigue, adjustment and convergence abnormality. We review the incidence, pathogenesis, new progress in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, the mechanism of visual formation and the basic principles of visual training.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency
AU  - Yanyun Xia
AU  - Shuxi He
Y1  - 2021/03/03
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
AB  - Convergency insufficiency is typical symptoms such as blurring of distant vision, reexamination of near vision, jumping words and walking while reading, visual fatigue and so on after reading or working closely for a period of time, According to the corresponding symptoms and signs, visual function tests were carried out, such as far and near eye position, accommodative response (BCC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation amplitude (AMP), etc., The detected visual function data were evaluated according to the normal value of Morgan and Sherad criteria. In daily life, people not only require clear vision, but also pay great attention to the comfort of using eyes, and the convergency insufficiency has become one of the important factors hindering the clarity, persistence and comfort of vision. Making binocular vision system to produce the cognition of regulation, convergence and eye movement through various methods such as optics, psychology and physics, vision therapy improves the application ability of eye vision system, and finally cures visual function problems such as visual fatigue, adjustment and convergence abnormality. We review the incidence, pathogenesis, new progress in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, the mechanism of visual formation and the basic principles of visual training.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Yanyun Xia

Department of Medical College, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
Shuxi He

Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yanyun Xia, Shuxi He. (2021). New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 6(1), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yanyun Xia; Shuxi He. New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021, 6(1), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yanyun Xia, Shuxi He. New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;6(1):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16,
  author = {Yanyun Xia and Shuxi He},
  title = {New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency},
  journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20210601.16},
  abstract = {Convergency insufficiency is typical symptoms such as blurring of distant vision, reexamination of near vision, jumping words and walking while reading, visual fatigue and so on after reading or working closely for a period of time, According to the corresponding symptoms and signs, visual function tests were carried out, such as far and near eye position, accommodative response (BCC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation amplitude (AMP), etc., The detected visual function data were evaluated according to the normal value of Morgan and Sherad criteria. In daily life, people not only require clear vision, but also pay great attention to the comfort of using eyes, and the convergency insufficiency has become one of the important factors hindering the clarity, persistence and comfort of vision. Making binocular vision system to produce the cognition of regulation, convergence and eye movement through various methods such as optics, psychology and physics, vision therapy improves the application ability of eye vision system, and finally cures visual function problems such as visual fatigue, adjustment and convergence abnormality. We review the incidence, pathogenesis, new progress in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, the mechanism of visual formation and the basic principles of visual training.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency
AU  - Yanyun Xia
AU  - Shuxi He
Y1  - 2021/03/03
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.16
AB  - Convergency insufficiency is typical symptoms such as blurring of distant vision, reexamination of near vision, jumping words and walking while reading, visual fatigue and so on after reading or working closely for a period of time, According to the corresponding symptoms and signs, visual function tests were carried out, such as far and near eye position, accommodative response (BCC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation amplitude (AMP), etc., The detected visual function data were evaluated according to the normal value of Morgan and Sherad criteria. In daily life, people not only require clear vision, but also pay great attention to the comfort of using eyes, and the convergency insufficiency has become one of the important factors hindering the clarity, persistence and comfort of vision. Making binocular vision system to produce the cognition of regulation, convergence and eye movement through various methods such as optics, psychology and physics, vision therapy improves the application ability of eye vision system, and finally cures visual function problems such as visual fatigue, adjustment and convergence abnormality. We review the incidence, pathogenesis, new progress in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, the mechanism of visual formation and the basic principles of visual training.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download