Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District

Iragena Philbert

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District

Iragena Philbert

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 19 October 2021 Accepted: 9 November 2021 Published: 25 April 2022

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Abstract

This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calculate whether a region is employing enough workers in each sector as put up against a national economy. LQ is augmented by two other pieces of information. Size of industry/cluster/occupation in terms of job and percentage of changes in LQ over period of time. A high LQ industry with a small number of jobs may be an export oriented industry otherwise, a large high LQ-industry with declining LQ over time is endangering the regional economy. The result findings revealed that Location Quotient for total employment is below 1 for manufacturing (0.99), accommodation food (0.92), public sector (0.65) primary (0.21) as well as other activities (0.87). The findings also revealed that there is a limited attention in infrastructure development and inadequate commitment in building resilience of vulnerable community to natural shocks. Recommendations include addressing infrastructure development that are resilient to climate change effects in formal and informal settlements and supporting livelihood improvement program in secondary cities and to put in place Formalized collection and recycling systems, and sanitary landfills, requiring investment in equipment, landfill development and skills of US$4-8 million by 2030 by also adopting new planning process to incorporate Green growth climate resilience principles as adopted by the GoR in 2018, by mainstreaming climate change resilience and preparedness to disaster risk management into the planning process.

Published in	Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11
Page(s)	32-36
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Climate Change, Energy Land Use, Natural Environment Resilience, Secondary Cities

References

[1]	S. H. Koop, C. J. van Leeuwen (2017). The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19 (2) pp. 385-418.
[2]	MININFRA. (2020, April 10). secondary cities. Retrieved from MININFRA: https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/index.php?id=256
[3]	Rusizi District, (2021). Rusizi District profile, retrieved from http://rusizidistrict.gov.rw
[4]	Resilient Cities Network (2021). Urban Resilience. Website accessed 03-11-2021: https://resilientcitiesnetwork.org/urban-resilience/.
[5]	Thomas Tanner, T. M. (2009). Urban Governance for Adaptation: Assessing Climate Change. UK: Institute of Development Studies.
[6]	Twahirwa, A. (2020, February 17). Rwanda Action Plan Aims to Make Cities Green. Retrieved from africa.com: https://africa.com/rwanda-action-plan-aims-to-make-cities-green/
[7]	Jaganyi, P. D. (2018). Rwanda: National Urban Policies and. University of Rwanda.
[8]	IPCC (2014).
[9]	UN-Habitant.
[10]	Julie Blue, E. R. (2017). Evaluating Urban Resilience to Climate Change: A Multi-Sector Approach. washington DC: National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
[11]	REMA. (2019). Rwanda Environment and Climate Change Analysis report.
[12]	Abhas K. Jha, T. W.-G. (2013). Building Urban Resilience Principles, Tools, and Practice. Washington DC: The World Bank.
[13]	NISR, N. I. (2012). Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV3). KIGALI: (NISR), National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda.
[14]	REMA, (2019): Climate Change analyis report.
[15]	NISR, (2017). Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV5).

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Iragena Philbert. (2022). Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 11(2), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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ACS Style

Iragena Philbert. Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2022, 11(2), 32-36. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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AMA Style

Iragena Philbert. Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District. J Energy Nat Resour. 2022;11(2):32-36. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11,
  author = {Iragena Philbert},
  title = {Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20221102.11},
  abstract = {This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calculate whether a region is employing enough workers in each sector as put up against a national economy. LQ is augmented by two other pieces of information. Size of industry/cluster/occupation in terms of job and percentage of changes in LQ over period of time. A high LQ industry with a small number of jobs may be an export oriented industry otherwise, a large high LQ-industry with declining LQ over time is endangering the regional economy. The result findings revealed that Location Quotient for total employment is below 1 for manufacturing (0.99), accommodation food (0.92), public sector (0.65) primary (0.21) as well as other activities (0.87). The findings also revealed that there is a limited attention in infrastructure development and inadequate commitment in building resilience of vulnerable community to natural shocks. Recommendations include addressing infrastructure development that are resilient to climate change effects in formal and informal settlements and supporting livelihood improvement program in secondary cities and to put in place Formalized collection and recycling systems, and sanitary landfills, requiring investment in equipment, landfill development and skills of US$4-8 million by 2030 by also adopting new planning process to incorporate Green growth climate resilience principles as adopted by the GoR in 2018, by mainstreaming climate change resilience and preparedness to disaster risk management into the planning process.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District
AU  - Iragena Philbert
Y1  - 2022/04/25
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DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 32
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11
AB  - This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calculate whether a region is employing enough workers in each sector as put up against a national economy. LQ is augmented by two other pieces of information. Size of industry/cluster/occupation in terms of job and percentage of changes in LQ over period of time. A high LQ industry with a small number of jobs may be an export oriented industry otherwise, a large high LQ-industry with declining LQ over time is endangering the regional economy. The result findings revealed that Location Quotient for total employment is below 1 for manufacturing (0.99), accommodation food (0.92), public sector (0.65) primary (0.21) as well as other activities (0.87). The findings also revealed that there is a limited attention in infrastructure development and inadequate commitment in building resilience of vulnerable community to natural shocks. Recommendations include addressing infrastructure development that are resilient to climate change effects in formal and informal settlements and supporting livelihood improvement program in secondary cities and to put in place Formalized collection and recycling systems, and sanitary landfills, requiring investment in equipment, landfill development and skills of US$4-8 million by 2030 by also adopting new planning process to incorporate Green growth climate resilience principles as adopted by the GoR in 2018, by mainstreaming climate change resilience and preparedness to disaster risk management into the planning process.
VL  - 11
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Author Information

Iragena Philbert

Faculty of Environmental Studies, Environment Economics and Natural Resources Management Option, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda

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APA Style

Iragena Philbert. (2022). Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 11(2), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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ACS Style

Iragena Philbert. Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2022, 11(2), 32-36. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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AMA Style

Iragena Philbert. Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District. J Energy Nat Resour. 2022;11(2):32-36. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11,
  author = {Iragena Philbert},
  title = {Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20221102.11},
  abstract = {This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calculate whether a region is employing enough workers in each sector as put up against a national economy. LQ is augmented by two other pieces of information. Size of industry/cluster/occupation in terms of job and percentage of changes in LQ over period of time. A high LQ industry with a small number of jobs may be an export oriented industry otherwise, a large high LQ-industry with declining LQ over time is endangering the regional economy. The result findings revealed that Location Quotient for total employment is below 1 for manufacturing (0.99), accommodation food (0.92), public sector (0.65) primary (0.21) as well as other activities (0.87). The findings also revealed that there is a limited attention in infrastructure development and inadequate commitment in building resilience of vulnerable community to natural shocks. Recommendations include addressing infrastructure development that are resilient to climate change effects in formal and informal settlements and supporting livelihood improvement program in secondary cities and to put in place Formalized collection and recycling systems, and sanitary landfills, requiring investment in equipment, landfill development and skills of US$4-8 million by 2030 by also adopting new planning process to incorporate Green growth climate resilience principles as adopted by the GoR in 2018, by mainstreaming climate change resilience and preparedness to disaster risk management into the planning process.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District
AU  - Iragena Philbert
Y1  - 2022/04/25
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 32
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221102.11
AB  - This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calculate whether a region is employing enough workers in each sector as put up against a national economy. LQ is augmented by two other pieces of information. Size of industry/cluster/occupation in terms of job and percentage of changes in LQ over period of time. A high LQ industry with a small number of jobs may be an export oriented industry otherwise, a large high LQ-industry with declining LQ over time is endangering the regional economy. The result findings revealed that Location Quotient for total employment is below 1 for manufacturing (0.99), accommodation food (0.92), public sector (0.65) primary (0.21) as well as other activities (0.87). The findings also revealed that there is a limited attention in infrastructure development and inadequate commitment in building resilience of vulnerable community to natural shocks. Recommendations include addressing infrastructure development that are resilient to climate change effects in formal and informal settlements and supporting livelihood improvement program in secondary cities and to put in place Formalized collection and recycling systems, and sanitary landfills, requiring investment in equipment, landfill development and skills of US$4-8 million by 2030 by also adopting new planning process to incorporate Green growth climate resilience principles as adopted by the GoR in 2018, by mainstreaming climate change resilience and preparedness to disaster risk management into the planning process.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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