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Extent of Resilience to Climate Change in Secondary Cities of Rwanda (Energy Land Use and Natural Environment): Case Study of Rusizi District
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
32-36
Received:
19 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
25 April 2022
Abstract: This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calculate whether a region is employing enough workers in each sector as put up against a national economy. LQ is augmented by two other pieces of information. Size of industry/cluster/occupation in terms of job and percentage of changes in LQ over period of time. A high LQ industry with a small number of jobs may be an export oriented industry otherwise, a large high LQ-industry with declining LQ over time is endangering the regional economy. The result findings revealed that Location Quotient for total employment is below 1 for manufacturing (0.99), accommodation food (0.92), public sector (0.65) primary (0.21) as well as other activities (0.87). The findings also revealed that there is a limited attention in infrastructure development and inadequate commitment in building resilience of vulnerable community to natural shocks. Recommendations include addressing infrastructure development that are resilient to climate change effects in formal and informal settlements and supporting livelihood improvement program in secondary cities and to put in place Formalized collection and recycling systems, and sanitary landfills, requiring investment in equipment, landfill development and skills of US$4-8 million by 2030 by also adopting new planning process to incorporate Green growth climate resilience principles as adopted by the GoR in 2018, by mainstreaming climate change resilience and preparedness to disaster risk management into the planning process.
Abstract: This paper titled Extent of resilience to climate change in secondary cities of Rwanda: Case study of Rusizi District. The author Evaluated the current climate related hazards and their impacts on urban livelihoods in Rusizi secondary city community. The author adopted a mixed method approach. The location quotient formula allows researcher to calc...
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Review on Resistivity Inversion of Underground Abnormal Bodies
Yanchang Liu,
Weifang Kong,
Ke Du,
Tongming Liu,
Yuli Wang
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
37-43
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
Published:
1 June 2022
Abstract: With the development of petroleum in China, most oilfields have entered the stage of high water cut development. Well ground resistivity method as a new type of electric prospecting method, which have influence on the formation of small, measuring low cost advantages, gradually become one of the key technology of remaining oil distribution in the detection of resistivity inversion is through observation of the underground space apparent resistivity data reconstruction of the underground resistivity distribution, can realize the resistivity imaging of the underground space. In order to achieve the morphological characterization and spatial location of the abnormal area of underground resistivity, and then to carry out geological interpretation, the definition and properties of resistivity inversion are summarized, and the bottleneck problems encountered in practical engineering application are re-recognized and analyzed. On this basis, the theoretical method, numerical method and inversion method based on machine learning are introduced to solve the inverse resistivity problem of underground abnormal body. The inversion method based on deep learning is emphatically introduced, and its advantages and disadvantages and applicability are evaluated. It is pointed out that inversion is an ideal tool for data analysis. Then, it is pointed out that the development direction of resistivity inversion of underground abnormal body is to propose an optimized inversion network architecture based on deep learning.
Abstract: With the development of petroleum in China, most oilfields have entered the stage of high water cut development. Well ground resistivity method as a new type of electric prospecting method, which have influence on the formation of small, measuring low cost advantages, gradually become one of the key technology of remaining oil distribution in the d...
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Geochronology and Geochemistry of Felsite Dike from Shanmen Silver Deposit in Central Jilin Province, China, and Its Geological Significance
Cremilda Samuel Jofrisse,
Pei Yao,
Chai Sheli
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
44-51
Received:
5 June 2022
Accepted:
Published:
8 June 2022
Abstract: Shanmen silver deposit is located on the south section of Daheishan horst polymetallic mineralization belts in central Jilin province, Northeast China. The deposit supplies not only the greatest portion of silver in Jilin province, and a significant amount of gold also. The deposit exhibits a closely spatiotemporal relationship with Mesozoic ore-hosting diorite and granite intrusions and Mesozoic basic-felsic dikes. Among the dikes the felsite one occurred at the same fault zone as the silver-bearing veins in the deposit, implying that felsite dike has an important theoretical and ore-prospecting significance. Here, we mainly investigate felsite dike based on zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology, petrochemical compositions. Zircon U-Pb dating from felsite dike yielded a weighted mean age of 163.1± 2.3 Ma, which is slightly younger than the ore-hosted intrusions of quartz diorite (167.6± 1.9 Ma) and monzonite granite (167.0 ± 1.5 Ma), indicating that petrogenetic age of felsite dike is late Jurassic. Major element data suggest that felsite dike is of granodioritic and granitic in chemical composition, belonging to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonite series, with SiO2, K2O+Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, CaO and MgO contents ranging from 62.98-79.18%, 4.13-5.3%, 13.31-16.01%, 0.05-0.57%, 0.15-3.07%, and 0.28-1.8%, respectively. Felsite dike is enriched in Rb, U, and Pb, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, Ti and other high field strength elements. REE contents of felsite dike are in the range of 28.42-214.23 ppm, showing weak negative Eu anomalies with Eu/Eu* ratios of 0.24-0.61. Except for the altered felsite sample with SiO2 content of 79.18%, the distribution characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements in felsite dike are similar with those of ore-hosted intrusion of granite and diorite. The geochemical features show that late Jurassic felsite dike was formed in the tectonic background of active continental margins associated with subduction in the Paleo-Pacific Plate. The underplating of mantle-derived magma caused the partial melting of the meta-sediment in lower crust materials to form the mid-late Jurassic magmatism and late Jurassic silver mineralization.
Abstract: Shanmen silver deposit is located on the south section of Daheishan horst polymetallic mineralization belts in central Jilin province, Northeast China. The deposit supplies not only the greatest portion of silver in Jilin province, and a significant amount of gold also. The deposit exhibits a closely spatiotemporal relationship with Mesozoic ore-ho...
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Flow Distortion Effects of a Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Anemometer and Its Impact on Measurements
Jacob Oduogo,
Henry Barasa
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
52-59
Received:
18 May 2022
Accepted:
15 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
Abstract: The sonic anemometer is widely recognized as a precise and accurate instrument for measuring and studying atmospheric wind speed and turbulence that works on the principle of measuring the difference in the transit time of acoustic pulses along a known path length. Desirable characteristics of the sonic anemometer include lack of moving parts, linear dynamic response, and good directional response. However, the sensor probes and support structures inevitably lead to a deformation of the flow field being examined resulting in transducer shadowing and flow distortion errors. An empirical method of determining the effects of flow distortion errors on measurements is utilized. While deviations in the horizontal wind are negligible, investigations clearly indicate the need for correction of raw data on vertical wind measurements. Simulations have been conducted using a synthetic time series to determine the impact of observed errors on turbulence, with indications that measurements have a dependence on the angle of attack. Using the series at angles of elevation varying between -12° and 12°, a deviation in turbulence by over 30% is observed for certain wind directions. Matrices derived from the errors at different angles of attack have been used to correct standard ten-minute time series of field data resulting in a decrease in the measured turbulence strength by between 7 and 10%.
Abstract: The sonic anemometer is widely recognized as a precise and accurate instrument for measuring and studying atmospheric wind speed and turbulence that works on the principle of measuring the difference in the transit time of acoustic pulses along a known path length. Desirable characteristics of the sonic anemometer include lack of moving parts, line...
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