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Largescale Demonstration of Improved Tef (Kora) Variety Through Cluster Approach in Awabel District of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Anduamlak Assaye Mengesha,
Abebaw Adamu Desalegn,
Yalew Mazengia Tiruneh
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
154-158
Received:
21 July 2022
Accepted:
18 August 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.11
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Abstract: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the most ancient indigenous staple food and gluten-free important cereal crop in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, cluster farming is recently introduced as an extension approach to boost productivity and adopt agricultural mechanization solutions for different agriculture and related challenges. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate and evaluate the recently released tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] variety with integrated agronomic management practices through a cluster approach. Awabel district was selected randomly from the major tef producing areas of East Gojjam zone of the Amhara region. About 44 participant smallholder farmers were selected through clustering the farmers` fields. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected using participatory rural appraisal tools. The yield and yield-related data were collected from the entire participants of the cluster. The simple descriptive statistics, profitability, and breakeven analyses were deployed. The result of the demonstration revealed that the full package tef demonstration through cluster approach has 33.89% and 37.30% of yield advantage over regional and national productivity of tef, respectively. The partial budget analysis result showed that the marginal net benefit and marginal rate of return of tef production was 20,628.00 birr and 707.41%, respectively. Generally, demonstration of improved tef variety through cluster approach has yield advantage over the traditional way of tef production. Therefore, the concerned bodies need to pay due attention to sustain, strengthen, and promote a cluster approach farming system to boost productivity which in turn fills consumption demand and ensures food security status the community.
Abstract: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the most ancient indigenous staple food and gluten-free important cereal crop in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, cluster farming is recently introduced as an extension approach to boost productivity and adopt agricultural mechanization solutions for different agriculture and related challenges. The main objective of t...
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Response of Tomato Varieties for Yield and Related Traits in Dry Season Using Irrigation at Fogera Plane, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
159-163
Received:
1 July 2022
Accepted:
4 August 2022
Published:
19 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.12
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Abstract: Irrigated dry season tomato production is widely practiced at Fogera district and its surrounding areas. However, the production does not meet farmers demand because of they use obsolete tomato varieties: Chochero and Roma F, which are becoming poor performances now a days. Besides, farmers in the areas have information gap on the availability of other improved tomato varieties. It was therefore conducted an experiment to evaluate the performance of improved tomato varieties in an open field using irrigation in dry season with the aim of identifying superior varieties with high productivity and good quality of fruits. Eleven tomato varieties were laid down in randomized complete block design with three replications at Fogera research station in dry seasons of 2018 and 2019. The combined mean analysis of variances (ANOVA) results showed highly significant (P < 0.01) effects of varieties and years but insignificant (P < 0.05) interaction effect of varieties with years for most traits considered. From the overall mean analysis results, ARPd2 tomato was best-performed variety with the highest yield and good desirable traits. Congruently, Chali, Gelelima, and Fetan varieties were also produced high yield with bigger fruit sizes. However, the result of the present investigation was only in a research station without farmer’s participation. Therefore, it is recommended that varieties ARPd2 tomato, Chali, Gelelima, and Fetan needs further validation study on different farmers’ fields with their active participate at Fogera and its surroundings to determine their stability and farmers preference.
Abstract: Irrigated dry season tomato production is widely practiced at Fogera district and its surrounding areas. However, the production does not meet farmers demand because of they use obsolete tomato varieties: Chochero and Roma F, which are becoming poor performances now a days. Besides, farmers in the areas have information gap on the availability of o...
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Influences of Three Salinities on the Growth Performance and Digestive Enzyme Activities at Different Stages of Chrysaora quinquecirrha
Cuihua Yang,
Anqi Zhang,
Yuli Jiang,
Yunzhong Wang
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
164-171
Received:
3 September 2022
Accepted:
19 September 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.13
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Abstract: The Atlantic sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) has been paid more and more attention due to its high ecological value and commercial cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate that culture salinity levels affected on the growth and digestive enzyme activities of C. quinquecirrha. Three salinity levels (10‰, 20‰ and 30‰) were used in cultured jellyfish at three stages of scyphula, juvenile and adult medusa. Results suggested that salinity had changed jellyfish physiological performance about growth and digestion. The scyphula was capable of growth and asexual reproduction in three salinity levels. All digestive enzyme activities (pepsin, cellulase, lipase and amylase) of scyphula were significantly higher than those of juvenile and adult (P < 0.01). Appropriate salinity levels had improved growth, survival and digestive enzyme expression in artificial conditions. Salinity 10 was beneficial to the developed body and adult breeding and further desalting, and it could be used as the preservation salinity of scyphula for inland aquarium and home ornamental jellyfish. In salinity 20 jellyfish showed a good state of asexual reproduction, growth performance and vitality, and the activities of four digestive enzymes were the highest except for cellulose and amylase in juvenile and lipase and amylase in adult, which could be used as a suitable salinity for artificial breeding. The content of pepsin was the highest among the four digestive enzymes due to the high protein bait and the high protein demands of C. quinquecirrha. The results revealed the scyphula showed strong adaptability to external salinity changes, and its cell osmotic regulation ability was stronger than the developed body and adult medusa. Further desalination could be used in inland aquariums and home viewing jellyfish. Artificial domestication of freshwater was possible to improve the economic benefits in the future. Scyphula could asexual reproduce to permanently maintain its characteristic of feeding in fresh water and had strobilated in a certain condition to produce medusa which could be fed in fresh water. And this study provided a theoretical basis for the adjustment of bait, the activation and adaptation mechanism of C. quinquecirrha to environment and its commercial cultivation and development. This test detected a certain cellulase in the digestive cavity, however, further study was required to determine whether C. quinquecirrha has a complete cellulase system or a symbiotic relationship with a fungus, bacteria and alga, that could produce exogenous cellulose.
Abstract: The Atlantic sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) has been paid more and more attention due to its high ecological value and commercial cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate that culture salinity levels affected on the growth and digestive enzyme activities of C. quinquecirrha. Three salinity levels (10‰, 20‰ and 30‰) were used in cultured jell...
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Intercropping Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) with Banana (Musa Spp) at Teppi, Southwest Ethiopia
Behailu Mekonnen,
Shiferaw Temteme,
Essubalew Getachew
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
172-179
Received:
21 July 2022
Accepted:
23 August 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.14
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Abstract: A field experiment aimed to determine the optimum ratio of intercropping Arabica coffee with banana was conducted at Teppi, Southwest Ethiopia, from 2012 to 2016. The experiment consisted of four cropping arrangements (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 ratios of coffee with banana, and staggered planting) with sole stands of each crop, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The yield and yield-related attributes of the component crops were collected, and the efficiency of the cropping arrangement was estimated using a land equivalent ratio. The analysis of variance showed that the clean coffee yield was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by intercropping with bananas. Intercropping of the component crops also significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the fruit yield of bananas. Thus, the highest clean coffee yield was obtained from the sole coffee plot (2007.4 kg ha-1) followed by the plot in which coffee and banana were arranged staggeringly (1782.6 kg ha-1). Similarly, the highest values of land equivalent ratio (1.25) and yield advantage of coffee (0.88) were recorded from staggeringly arranged coffee with banana compared with other intercrops. The result also indicates the enhanced productivity and compatibility of the component crops when they are inter-planted staggeringly. Accordingly, the aforementioned planting arrangement can be recommended for farmers and growers in the study area for increased yield productivity of the component crops. Further study needs to be repeated one more season in different agro-ecologies with different varieties of component crops.
Abstract: A field experiment aimed to determine the optimum ratio of intercropping Arabica coffee with banana was conducted at Teppi, Southwest Ethiopia, from 2012 to 2016. The experiment consisted of four cropping arrangements (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 ratios of coffee with banana, and staggered planting) with sole stands of each crop, arranged in a Randomized Complet...
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Growth Performance of Babylon Snails (Babylonia areolata Link, 1807) Fed Formulated Diet in Ponds and Recirculating Aquaculture System
Minh Duy Mai,
Quynh Ngoc Nguyen,
Bich Thuy Thi Tran,
Bich Duyen Thi Vu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
180-185
Received:
4 September 2022
Accepted:
21 September 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.15
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Abstract: The use of trashfish as food to Babylon snails in grow out farming has recently caused challenges in environment and disease outbreak in Vietnam. This paper is to present the growth, survival, FCR and shell apperance of the stocked snails at size of 0.27 g individual-1 fed formulated diet at a daily feeding rate of 0.8 - 1.2% body weight in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and ponds. In RAS tanks of 25 m2, the snails reached to a size of 7.1 ± 0.05 g individual-1, survival of 87.3 ± 1.68% and FCR of 0.77 ± 0.01 after six months. Meanwhile in ponds of 1500 m2, they reached to a size of 7.21 ± 0.09 g individual-1, survival of 80.53 ± 4.04% and FCR of 0.81 ± 0.01. The significant difference was observed in the survival (p < 0.05) and FCR (p < 0.01) but not in the growth (p > 0.05). The presence of unexpected predatory crabs possibly caused the lower survival and higher FCR in the ponds. For the steamed harvested product, the snail flesh body looked quite similar while their shells showed pale brown in the tanks compared to the common ones in the ponds. This possibly related to the low pH and alkalinity in RAS tanks. The snail growth in this study was roughly similar while their survival was better than those in trashfish based culture previously reported. The growth and survival indicate a high potential to replace trashfish by formulated diet in farming of Babylon snails.
Abstract: The use of trashfish as food to Babylon snails in grow out farming has recently caused challenges in environment and disease outbreak in Vietnam. This paper is to present the growth, survival, FCR and shell apperance of the stocked snails at size of 0.27 g individual-1 fed formulated diet at a daily feeding rate of 0.8 - 1.2% body weight in recircu...
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Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia
Habtamu Assega,
Tilahun Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
186-190
Received:
11 June 2022
Accepted:
19 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
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Abstract: Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain to study the productivity response of upland rice to different sources of N fertilizer, rates, and time of application on a total of five farmers’ fields during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two sources of N fertilizer (conventional urea and slow-release urea), three N rates (69, 103.5, and 138 kg ha-1), and three times of application (T1=1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI), T2 = 1/3 15 days after sowing (DAS), 1/3 at PI and 1/3 at heading, T3 = 1/3 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorous at rate of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was commonly applied at planting for all treatments. The commonly grown NERIC-4 variety was used as a test crop. The results of the experiment showed that the rates and time of N applications were significantly affecting most of the parameters. However, the different N source fertilizers as well as all interactions of the treatments did not bring statistically significant difference in all the growth and yield parameters. Regarding the rates, the highest plant height (77.35 cm), fertile tillers number (70.37 m-1 row), grain yield (5.3 t ha-1) and straw yield (10.0 t ha-1 were obtained when 138 N kg ha-1 was applied. Concerning the N application timing, the highest plant height (77.5 cm), grain yield (4.9 t ha-1), straw yield (9.6 t ha-1) and thousand seeds weight (28.9 g) and the lowest number of infertile tillers (1.83 m-1 row) were observed when 1/3 of N was applied 15 DAS and the remaining 2/3 at PI. Therefore, 138 kg ha-1, of commercially available urea with an application time of 1/3; 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI can be used to produce NERICA-4 upland rice in Fogera plain and similar Agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in F...
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Plant Tissue and Soil Nutrients as Influenced by NPSB Fertilizer and Plant Population of Maize (Zea Mays L.) at Bako, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
191-197
Received:
1 July 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
31 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20221105.17
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Abstract: Plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur are the nutrients frequently limit the yields of maize over the world. Nutrient recommendation should be based on the optimum yield and environmental save that can be through plant tissue analysis and soil test. This experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center west region of Ethiopia Gobu Sayo using split plot design with three levels of plant population 53.333, 66,666 and 76,923 plants per hectare on main plot and five level 0, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha of NPSB fertilizer rates on sub-plots. Soil sample was taken from the plots pre-harvesting for composite sample and post-harvest from each plot and analyzed at Bako soil laboratory and Ethiopia water work design Addis Ababa for soil fertility management. Nutrient in plant tissue was analyzed at Holota Agricultural Research Center soil laboratory. Collected data was analyzed using Genstat computer statistical soft-ware package. The result of pre planting soil analysis showed soil of the study area was categorized as clay soil with medium and stable organic matter and low organic carbon and low total nitrogen that shows low soil fertility. The ANOVA result showed addition of fertilizer reduced soil pH from 5.7 to 5.47 and bellow. 150 kg/ha of NPSB which gave economically feasible yield 9460kg/ha moderately acidified the soil. This soil analysis result showed that the level at which fertilizer boost yield of maize. Only percent of phosphorus was changed due to plant population density. Plant tissue concentration at silking was significantly influenced by fertilizer rates. Potassium is at sufficiency range for all level of supplied fertilizer. Sufficient range nitrogen at silkin was recorded from the plot received 100-150 kg/ha which gave economically feasible yield. It is better to use fertilizer rate of 150kg/ha which shows sufficiency range for nutrient concentration of soil and plant tissue in leaf at silking stage. This finding is not the end for the area and further research should be carried out for feature.
Abstract: Plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur are the nutrients frequently limit the yields of maize over the world. Nutrient recommendation should be based on the optimum yield and environmental save that can be through plant tissue analysis and soil test. This experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center west...
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