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U.S. Military Assistance to Europe, NATO’s Military Build Up, and the Start of Intra-European Economic Cooperation, 1947-1955
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
1-13
Received:
14 October 2022
Accepted:
8 November 2022
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: This contribution pinpoints the interconnectedness between Nato's military buildup at the start of the Atlantic Alliance under the umbrella of U.S. military assistance to Europe, the revamping of a few manufacturing sectors that it fostered across Western Europe, and the early steps in the making of intra-European economic integration through cooperation in military productions. After an introduction, section two cast light on the early U.S. bilateral military assistance programs to western European nations prior to the founding of the Atlantic Alliance. This early U.S. military assistance was based on the transfer of military spare parts, end-items and machine tools and took place without entailing the foundation of full production capacity across Europe. Section three makes sense of the transition from U.S. bilateral assistance to the multilateral structure of NATO’s coordinated production programs, which since 1950 combined military rearmament defence target with domestic economic expansion in each NATO’s member states, close industrial and trade cooperation among them, and continued targeting of dollar gap in Europe through a system of coordinated productions placed by NATO and paid for in U.S. dollars based on a principle of financial burden-sharing among the member nations. Section four pinpoints the evolution of this multilateral procurements system, the OSP programs, through the case study of ammunition contracts and NATO’s infrastructure programs, which served as a flywheel to introduce higher technical content in both high capital intensive and low technological content European firms. After shedding light on the influence of Cold War confrontation on the placing of OSP contracts by the mid-1950s and the ill-functioning of multilateral productions (section five), the article rounds off by stressing how the OSP programs were on the whole successful in combining trade integration, financial stability and technological drift under the umbrella of orders placed and rewarded either by NATO or the Pentagon.
Abstract: This contribution pinpoints the interconnectedness between Nato's military buildup at the start of the Atlantic Alliance under the umbrella of U.S. military assistance to Europe, the revamping of a few manufacturing sectors that it fostered across Western Europe, and the early steps in the making of intra-European economic integration through coope...
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The Effect of Interest Rate Adjustment on the Stock Price Index in China
Haodong Chen,
Ruiqi Sun,
Ke Gao
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
14-20
Received:
7 November 2022
Accepted:
6 January 2023
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: The interest rate is one of the main tools used to control monetary policy in China. Changes in interest rates will affect the return on capital and the financial situation of enterprises, which will in turn have an impact on the stock market. What effect will interest rate adjustments have on the stock market? Are fluctuations in the interest rates and the stock market correlated? At present, there is no consensus on the answers to these questions. This paper studies these problems. In order to study the effect of the interest rate adjustment on the stock price index, this paper first conducts literature review and analysis, and then uses unit root test, Johansen integration test, Granger causality test and error correction model. The factors studied are the one-year deposit rate and the closing price of the Shanghai Composite Index from 1991 to 2015. It can be seen that the long-term relationship between the interest rate and stock prices is a reverse relation - when interest rates change, the stock price is adjusted in reverse. Specifically, (1) there is a long term reverse relationship between the interest rate and the stock price index, (2) interest rates are the Granger cause of the stock price index, and the stock price index is not the Granger cause of interest rates, (3) the stock price index cannot adjust to the interest rate in a short time.
Abstract: The interest rate is one of the main tools used to control monetary policy in China. Changes in interest rates will affect the return on capital and the financial situation of enterprises, which will in turn have an impact on the stock market. What effect will interest rate adjustments have on the stock market? Are fluctuations in the interest rate...
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Regional Growth Analysis of Sugarcane Production in Uttar Pradesh
Aobakwe Gababolokwe,
Hubba Lal Singh,
Rakesh Kumar Singh
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
21-24
Received:
7 November 2022
Accepted:
4 January 2023
Published:
30 January 2023
Abstract: This study was conducted in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) over a period of 1985-86 to 2015-16. It was based on secondary data of area, production and productivity of sugarcane crop grown in four regions of different agro-economic region of the state namely Western, Central, Bundelkhand and Eastern. The linear and compound growth rate models were fitted to examine growth rate in area, production, and productivity of sugarcane crop to calculate the growth levels. The linear and compound growth rates of area under sugarcane increased by 1.11 and 1.12 percent respectively in the state during phase I. The growth rate in area was estimated at 1.71 and 1.37 percent respectively in phase II. In phase III, both models recorded growth rates of 0.41 and 0.31 percent correspondingly. The overall compound growth rate of area in the state stood at 1.14 percent per annum. Across the regions highest growth rate was found in central region (2.47 percent) followed by Bundelkhand, Eastern and Western region. The linear growth rate of sugarcane production in U.P. was highest in phase I estimated to be 3.84 percent and lowest in second phase by 0.92 percent. The overall compound growth rate in sugarcane production of the state was 1.71 percent per annum. The highest compound growth rate (3.46 percent) was observed in phase I and lowest (0.62 percent) in phase II. Across regions highest growth rate was found in Central and lowest in Western region. The linear and compound growth rates in productivity of state were positively increased in all phases except phase II in which they were negatively increased by (-0.87) and (-0.74) percent per annum correspondingly. The overall compound growth rate was observed highest in Eastern and lowest in Bundelkhand region.
Abstract: This study was conducted in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) over a period of 1985-86 to 2015-16. It was based on secondary data of area, production and productivity of sugarcane crop grown in four regions of different agro-economic region of the state namely Western, Central, Bundelkhand and Eastern. The linear and compound growth rate models were fitted to e...
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Research on the Impact of Big Data Analysis Capability on Enterprise Supply Chain Resilience
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
25-30
Received:
10 January 2023
Accepted:
30 January 2023
Published:
6 February 2023
Abstract: Based on the current economic environment and from the perspective of dynamic capability, this paper divides big data analysis capability into big data perception capability, big data capture capability and big data transformation capability, and divides supply chain ambidexterity into supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability. A questionnaire survey was used to quantify the impact of big data analysis capability (BDAC) on supply chain elasticity (SC-RE). A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to managers of supply chain nodes of enterprises, and 217 valid questionnaires were obtained. The regression results of questionnaire data showed that BDAC was positively correlated with SC-RE. Supply chain duality (SC-AM) is positively correlated with SC-RE. SC-AM plays a partial mediating role in the positive effect of BDAC on SC-RE. Based on the regression results of this paper and the research results of existing scholars, the corresponding conclusions are drawn, and some suggestions are put forward for enterprise managers. BDAC is an effective way to improve the performance level and competitive strength of supply chain enterprises. Enterprises should attach importance to the useful information contained in big data, take certain measures to enhance BDAC, improve the information processing capacity and speed of enterprises, reduce the probability of risk occurrence, so as to improve the supply chain resilience of enterprises and improve the level of supply chain risk management.
Abstract: Based on the current economic environment and from the perspective of dynamic capability, this paper divides big data analysis capability into big data perception capability, big data capture capability and big data transformation capability, and divides supply chain ambidexterity into supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability. A questionn...
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Research on Effect Reasoning on Enterprise Digital Transformation Performance with Big Data Analysis
Liangcan Liu,
Jia Chen,
Hang Ren,
Tianhui Chen
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
31-37
Received:
12 January 2023
Accepted:
1 February 2023
Published:
6 February 2023
Abstract: Due to the various differences between modern enterprises and traditional enterprises, many scholars have noticed that the research results of traditional mature enterprises can not be fully applied to the relevant research of modern digital enterprises. Therefore, many new theories have emerged in the field of digital transformation research in recent decades. In the course of many years of development, there have been more studies on its definition, conception dimension and measurement. Although some scholars have realized that effect reasoning will play a role in the performance of enterprise digital transformation, there are relatively few empirical studies on the impact of effect reasoning on the performance of enterprise digital transformation. Digital transformation refers to the realization of significant technological change by enterprises through digital technology, and its essence is a process of continuous exploration. This study is carried out to reveal the impact of the effect reasoning on enterprises’ digital transformation with big data analysis from a process perspective. The results show that the effect reasoning and failure learning improves enterprise digital transformation performance. Empirical learning theory is used for the research context. It is helpful to enrich and develop the theoretical research on management innovation, and understand and guide Chinese enterprises to realize digital transformation with big data analysis.
Abstract: Due to the various differences between modern enterprises and traditional enterprises, many scholars have noticed that the research results of traditional mature enterprises can not be fully applied to the relevant research of modern digital enterprises. Therefore, many new theories have emerged in the field of digital transformation research in re...
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