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Water Requirement and Irrigation Scheduling of Selected Legume Crops Using CROPWAT 8.0 at Amibara, Middle Awash Valley Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
67-72
Received:
22 March 2022
Accepted:
19 April 2022
Published:
7 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20220702.11
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Abstract: Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is one of the key agricultural water management to apply the required water needed to the crop at a required time. A study was carried out to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected legume crops grown under irrigated conditions at Amibara Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. The crops include chickpea, common bean, and mung bean. By using the 33-years climatic data, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), and irrigation water requirement for each crop were determined using the CROPWAT model which is based on the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) paper number 56 (FAO56). The study shows that the CWR for the October 15 planted chickpea, common bean and mung bean was 372.6mm, 412.1 mm, and 333.3mm respectively. The gross irrigation requirement was estimated to be 583.6 mm, 646.6 mm, and 531 mm for chickpea, common bean, and mungbean respectively. These results could be used as guidelines for the user for appropriate irrigation scheduling of the selected legume crops in the study area.
Abstract: Determination of crop water requirements and appropriate irrigation scheduling is one of the key agricultural water management to apply the required water needed to the crop at a required time. A study was carried out to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of the selected legume crops grown under irrigated conditions at A...
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Characterization and Classification of Soils Along the Toposequence of Medo Sub-watershed at Wondo Genet District, Ethiopia
Abreham Yacob,
Ashenafi Nigussie
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
73-85
Received:
5 April 2022
Accepted:
3 May 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20220702.12
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Abstract: Soil characterization and classification study under topographic position is essential to recognize the effects of slope on soil physicochemical, and morphological properties and to draw promising management practices. In view of this, the present study was implemented to characterize and classify the soils along the toposequence of Medo sub-watershed using the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. First, topographic positions were categorized as upper, middle, and lower slopes position. One representative pedon was opened per each slope position and the profiles were described in situ. Soil morphological properties were influenced by topographic position. Sandy clay loam was the dominant soil textural classes in the surface soils. In all pedons, soil bulk density ranged from 0.8 - 1.2 g cm-3. The soil pH. ranged from 5.43 – 5.81 in the surface to subsurface layers of the three pedons. Soil organic carbon contents were ranged from 1.46 - 2.23 in the upper, middle and lower slope positions, respectively. Total nitrogen contents of the soils were varied from 0.14 to 0.22 and rated as medium to high. The soils present base saturation was categorized as very high (> 80%) in all pedons, respectively. The upper, middle and lower pedons had Mollic epipedon in the surface horizon but they had different sub-surface horizons. The middle and lower pedons had Argic and Cambic sub-surface horizons, respectively. The upper, middle and lower slope pedons had Vitric, Leptic and Cambic principal qualifiers, respectively while Arenic, Arenic and Aric supplemental qualifiers for upper, middle and lower pedons, respectively. Therefore, the studied soils were classified as Vitric Andosols (Arenic), Leptic Retisols (Arenic) and Cambic Phaeozems (Aric) for upper, middle and lower slope positions, respectively. In conclusion, topography remarkably affects soil properties, therefore, site-specific soil management is vital to maintain and improve soil organic matter and essential plant nutrients.
Abstract: Soil characterization and classification study under topographic position is essential to recognize the effects of slope on soil physicochemical, and morphological properties and to draw promising management practices. In view of this, the present study was implemented to characterize and classify the soils along the toposequence of Medo sub-waters...
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Study on the Variation of Climate Suitability of Potato in Different Growth Periods——Taking Wuchuan County, Hohhot City as an Example
Xiangping Jiang,
Litao Yang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
86-92
Received:
24 May 2022
Accepted:
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20220702.13
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Abstract: Using daily meteorological elements and statistical methods, a climate suitability evaluation model for potato in each growth period was established, and the temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and climate suitability values of potato in each growth period from 1983 to 2014 in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia were calculated. The characteristics and changing trend of climatic suitability during the growth period were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature suitability was the highest during the potato growing period, followed by sunshine, the lowest precipitation and the largest variation coefficient. The temperature suitability was the lowest in the flowering-harvest period, and the coefficient of variation was the largest; the precipitation suitability was the lowest in the inflorescence-flowering period, and the coefficient of variation was the largest; the sunshine suitability was the lowest in the branch-inflorescence period, and the coefficient of variation was the largest. The variation trend of suitability for many years is as follows: the suitability of temperature in the whole growth period is basically the same; the suitability of sunshine peaked in 2001, and then decreased significantly; the suitability of precipitation peaked in 1998, then fluctuated and decreased, and has shown a rising trend in the past two years. The change trend of climatic suitability is basically similar to that of precipitation suitability, but the variation range is smaller than that of precipitation suitability, and the change trend of precipitation suitability dominates the change trend of climate suitability. The climatic suitability of each growth period (except the sowing-emergence period) showed an obvious decline process after 2000, reaching the lowest value in 2011/2012, and there has also been a clear upward trend in the past two years. The negative effect of climate change on potato growth in Wuchuan County will be reduced or changed in the future. However, the change of sunshine suitability is different, and it is still in a downward trend in the past two years, which should be paid attention to.
Abstract: Using daily meteorological elements and statistical methods, a climate suitability evaluation model for potato in each growth period was established, and the temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and climate suitability values of potato in each growth period from 1983 to 2014 in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia were calculated. The characteristics an...
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Natural Disaster Insurance in China: Model Reference, Development Challenges and Suggestions
Tao Zhang,
Xinyi Ma,
Dongyang Wu,
Jinping Wang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
93-98
Received:
1 June 2022
Accepted:
Published:
8 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20220702.14
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Abstract: With the warming global climate and the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the impact of natural disasters on human beings is becoming increasingly significant. How to reduce the loss of human production and life caused by natural disasters has always been a common problem faced by all countries in the world. As an important tool for dispersing natural disaster risks, insurance is indispensable for enhancing the resilience of economic and social development against risks. Developed countries are constantly exploring and improving related systems and models, as is the case with UK, Japan, the United States, France, represented by different insurance models. The geological survey has played an important role in supporting the development of natural disaster insurance system. There are many types of natural disasters with wide distribution and high frequency in China, but the development of natural disaster insurance lags behind. In addition to such factors as the imperfect legal system and low willingness to purchase insurance, the lack of technical support for natural disasters provided by insurance companies is also an important reason. In order to promote the establishment of a natural disaster insurance system, China needs to learn from the relevant experience of developed countries, strengthen the natural disaster survey, basic geological survey, and promote the formulation of relevant standards for delimitating and classifying insurance types, so as to provide professional technical support for the perfection of natural disaster insurance system.
Abstract: With the warming global climate and the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the impact of natural disasters on human beings is becoming increasingly significant. How to reduce the loss of human production and life caused by natural disasters has always been a common problem faced by all countries in the world. As an important tool f...
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Marine Macroalgae as Bioindicators and the Application in Moroccan Coastlines: A Review
Younes Boundir,
Mustapha Hasni,
Fatima Rafiq,
Mohamed Cheggour,
Ricardo Haroun,
Ouafa Cherifi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
99-108
Received:
22 May 2022
Accepted:
14 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20220702.15
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Abstract: Marine organisms represent nearly half of the worldwide biodiversity; thus, marine macroalgae are known to be good biomonitors of pollution and their ability to accumulate a wide range of pollutants to levels higher than those found in the surrounding waters. These macroalgae species have a unique ability to be used to evaluate metals pollution in marine environments as they have long been known to concentrate metals to levels many times greater to those found in the surrounding waters and they have been used as the metal biomonitors agent around the world. It is known the ways the different industrial effluents might affect the aquatic ecosystem, especially some sensitive macroalgae groups combined with big other stressors like climate change and the anthropogenic activities on coastal areas that is creating an increasing anthropogenic stress worldwide that affect coastal habitats, but very little was then known about the mechanisms of uptake and excretion of metals by species used as biomonitors. However, the biomonitoring using these marine organisms is less developed in Morocco; hence, the objective of this review is to give an insight and an update to the information about recent works on macroalgae biomonitoring in Morocco in the purpose of valorization of the Moroccan macroalgae species in the biomonitoring programs in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
Abstract: Marine organisms represent nearly half of the worldwide biodiversity; thus, marine macroalgae are known to be good biomonitors of pollution and their ability to accumulate a wide range of pollutants to levels higher than those found in the surrounding waters. These macroalgae species have a unique ability to be used to evaluate metals pollution in ...
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Abundance Dynamics of 2 Bacillus Species in Rain and Underground Water in an Urbanized Area in Cameroon (Central Africa) and Impact of Some Abiotic Parameters
Morelle Raïsa Djiala Tagne,
Claire Stéphane Metsopkeng,
Mireille Ebiane Nougang,
Edith Brunelle Mouafo Tamnou,
Manouore Njoya Awawou,
Pierrette Ngo Bahebeck,
Samuel Davy Baleng,
Yves Yogne Poutoum,
Paul Alain Nana,
Télesphore Sime-Ngando,
Moïse Nola
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
109-120
Received:
25 May 2022
Accepted:
14 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20220702.16
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Abstract: The present study aimed to assess the abundance dynamics 2 spore forming bacteria of sanitary importance Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis, in the rain and groundwater in urbanized area in Cameroon (Central Africa) and potential impact of some abiotic parameters. The bacteriological analyzes were made by cultures on agar media and the chemical analyzes by spectrophotometry. It appears that heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic bacterial abundances ranged from 1x106 to 1x108 CFU/100µL in wells and from 9x106 to 196x106 CFU/100µL in rainwater. The abundances of B. thuringiensis reached 320 CFU/100µL in wells, and 730 CFU/100µL in rainwater. That of B. cereus reached 340 CFU/100µL in wells, and 12x102 CFU/100µL in rainwater. The pH of wells fluctuated between 5.05 and 7.33 whereas that of rainwater varied from 6.12 to 6.88. Electrical conductivity values ranged from 111 to 885 µS/cm in wells, and varied from 3 to 92 µS/cm in rainwater. Both media contains nitrate, nitrogen ammonia, phosphate, dissolved CO2 and O2 and their concentration undergoes spatio-temporal variations. Correlations coefficients between meteorological/chemical parameters and the bacterial abundance dynamics undergoes spatial variation on one hand, and varied according to a given abiotic parameter and the bacterial species considered on the other hand. The relationships between the properties of the previous month's rainwater on the abundance dynamics of the microflora in sampled wells during the current month, referred to as a delayed impact, showed a various degrees of influence, suggesting that the properties of the sampled groundwater would mainly result from the interactions of the confounding factors, and not only due to the rainfall or rainwater properties.
Abstract: The present study aimed to assess the abundance dynamics 2 spore forming bacteria of sanitary importance Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis, in the rain and groundwater in urbanized area in Cameroon (Central Africa) and potential impact of some abiotic parameters. The bacteriological analyzes were made by cultures on agar media and the chemical a...
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