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Effectiveness of Ceramic Filter Water Treatment Method in Improving Drinking Water Quality and Reducing Water-Related Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mohammedsalih Kadir Gobana,
Bizuneh Ayano Wakjira,
Tesfalem Getahun Belihun,
Abebe Beyene Hailu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-10
Received:
1 November 2022
Accepted:
8 December 2022
Published:
9 January 2023
Abstract: Lack of access to improved drinking water sources is global problem. Millions of peoples cannot get safe drinking water as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Untreated drinking water has been reported in different studies as one of the major contributors to the human health problem (water related disease) such as cholera, typhoid, viral hepatitis and dysentery, and responsible for death of people in million each year. Middle and low-income countries more affected by the problem. To scope up this problem many of these countries started to use household level water treatment methods like: chlorination, solar disinfection and ceramic water treatment method. The aim of this study is to pool out the available research evidence on the effectiveness of the ceramic filter water treatment method in reducing diarrhea in both children and adults. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar databases and references to other studies. The review included RCT studies on both children and adults found anywhere in the world regardless of sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, and religion which were published or conducted in English from December 2000 to January 2022. Studies that compared the diarrhea incidence between the intervention groups who were exposed to ceramic filter disinfection water treatment and the control group who were not exposed to such water treatment. Two independent reviewers critically reviewed and appraised the selected studies. Effect sizes were expressed in risk ratio and in their 95% CIs. 9 eligible studies were identified out of total of 14,007 studies pooled from data bases. In all identified studies, ceramic filter water treatment method reduced the risk of diarrhea in both children and adults. The estimated pooled risk ratio of diarrhea among participants who used ceramic filter disinfection water treatment method was 0.49 (0.41, 0.57). The overall pooled results of the study show that using of ceramic disinfection water treatment method had reduced the risk of diarrheal disease by 51%. This study indicates using of ceramic disinfection water treatment method significantly reduced the risk of diarrheal disease both in children and adults.
Abstract: Lack of access to improved drinking water sources is global problem. Millions of peoples cannot get safe drinking water as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Untreated drinking water has been reported in different studies as one of the major contributors to the human health problem (water related d...
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Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices
Gaja Caroline,
Asibor Godwin,
Edjere Oghenekohwiroro
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
11-17
Received:
1 December 2022
Accepted:
26 December 2022
Published:
9 January 2023
Abstract: The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluent discharge channel. A total of sixteen sediments samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October 2019 (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations of the sediment samples (mg/kg) ranged from <0.01-0.05, <0.01-0.91, <0.01-3.46, 13.2-45.3, 14.7-64.1, 5.56-105, 3.10-108, 0.14-5.86, 78.8-289, 28.2-254 and 3529-7773 for Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Mn, Zn and Fe. Hg and As were generally not detected in the sediments. On the average, the geoaccumulation index of Cd in the sediments falls into the moderately polluted category while the geoaccumulation index of all the other metals falls into the practically unpolluted category. On the average, the Contamination/Pollution index (CPI) value of Cd was > 1 which indicates that the sediments were polluted with Cd but the CPI values of other heavy metals were < 1 which indicates that these sediments were contaminated with the other heavy metals.
Abstract: The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluen...
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Road Use Regulations: Knowledge and Compliance Among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in Oluyole Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria
Adejumo Mumuni,
Lawal Abeeb Adebayo,
Sridhar Mynepalli Kameswara Chandra
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
18-25
Received:
31 December 2022
Accepted:
20 January 2023
Published:
9 February 2023
Abstract: The usage of motorbikes for commercial transportation has become increasingly popular, particularly when there are traffic jams in Nigeria. However, the number of injuries resulting from motorcycle accidents is rising, and there is insufficient data on how much commercial motorcyclists abide by traffic laws and regulations. This study, therefore, assessed the knowledge of road use regulations and compliance among commercial motorcycle riders in Oluyole Local Government Area (OLGA), Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted 300 randomly selected commercial motorcyclists in OLGA. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at p=0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 31.9±7.0 years, 66.0% were married while 54% had a valid riding license. Sixty-eight percent of the participants stated that 50 km/hour is the speed limit for commercial motorcycle while 77.7% reported that the dotted white line on the road indicating a rider can overtake. The mean knowledge score was 7.8±1.8, 86.0% had good knowledge on road use rules and regulation. Most (99.7%) of the participants revealed that they always mindful of following road use rules while 37.0% said they always use helmet whenever they want to carry passengers. The mean level of compliance to road use rules and regulation was 6.3±0.6, only 31% were in full compliance with the road use rules and regulation. Significantly, commercial motorcycle riders who possess a valid drivers’ license (36.6%) had full compliance to road use regulations compared to those without valid drivers’ license (25.2%). Commercial motorcycle riders had good knowledge of traffic rules and regulations but full compliance was low. Compliance to road use rules and regulations should be enforced.
Abstract: The usage of motorbikes for commercial transportation has become increasingly popular, particularly when there are traffic jams in Nigeria. However, the number of injuries resulting from motorcycle accidents is rising, and there is insufficient data on how much commercial motorcyclists abide by traffic laws and regulations. This study, therefore, a...
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Seasonal Variation of PH2.5 and PM10 Concentrations and Potential Human Health Risk in 5 Urban and 1 Rural Residential Communities of Rivers State
Boma Abiye Fubara,
Amalo Ndu Dibofori-Orji
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
26-42
Received:
22 July 2022
Accepted:
8 August 2022
Published:
15 March 2023
Abstract: This study investigated the spatial and temporal variations and health risk associated with particulate matter (PM) (10µm and 2.5µm), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), methanal (HCHO), relative humidity and temperature of six (6) communities (Mgbosimini, GRA Phase II, Rumueprikom, Ozuoba, Aluu and Isiokpo) of two (2) Local Government Areas in Rivers State during the months of November 2020 through April 2021. Air samples from the communities were measured for mass concentration for PM using a high-volume air sampler and weighing scale while a hand-held air quality device for TVOC, HCHO, relative humidity and temperature during the sampling period. Three (3) locations each in the sampling area where analysed and the average computed as the average for the month. Results obtained showed significant difference within the period of sampling (temporal) and across the communities (spatial) for PM, TVOC and HCHO. Also, the results showed a decrease in concentration for PM but an increase for TVCO and HCHO over the period of sampling except for Aluu that had a decrease in TVOC. Health risk assessment for adults revealed that except for Mgbosimini in November 2020, all other stations in November/December 2020 and January 2021 had health index greater than one (HI ˃ 1) indicating risk to adults due to inhalation of PM2.5 in the air. In the months of February, March and April 2021, Rumueprikom, Aluu and Isiokpo had HI ˃1, indicating health risk at these locations while Mgbosimini and GRA Phase II had HI <1 indicating no risk. Thus, the quality of air is not necessarily determined by urban-rural distribution but on the specific activities that may contribute to the quality of air and if the activities are persistent or consistent irrespective of the month, then there would be no significant reduction in air pollution.
Abstract: This study investigated the spatial and temporal variations and health risk associated with particulate matter (PM) (10µm and 2.5µm), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), methanal (HCHO), relative humidity and temperature of six (6) communities (Mgbosimini, GRA Phase II, Rumueprikom, Ozuoba, Aluu and Isiokpo) of two (2) Local Government Areas i...
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