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Plant Breeding Challenges Posed by Genotype-Environment Interaction and Methods of Measurement
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
43-49
Received:
23 March 2022
Accepted:
21 April 2022
Published:
10 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20220803.11
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Abstract: Plant breeders' ultimate goal in a crop improvement program is to generate varieties with high yield potential in order to sustain high agricultural productivity. In addition to great yield potential, a new cultivar should have stable performance and extensive adaptation over a wide range of settings in addition to great yield potential. The presence of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) interactions is of major concern to plant breeders, as large interactions can reduce selection gains and make identifying superior cultivars more difficult. It is also of major concern to crop breeders, as phenotypic responses to changes in the environment differ among genotypes. However, phenotypic response varies by location as it is influenced by biotic and a biotic factors as well as environmental factors. The importance of GEI cannot be overstated. It is critical for lowering genotype mean in various contexts. It is utilized as a test of genotype adaptability to the expression of specific phenotypes in diverse environments, and it is a continuous effort of plant breeders due to environmental variation across different locations and throughout time. The fundamental goal of multi-environment trials is to monitor genotype stability across environments, identify superior genotypes, and determine which location best mimics the target environment for production. GEI is critical for lowering genotype mean in various contexts. It aims to generate varieties that are resilient to climate change pressures and a variety of other stresses tolerance or resistance to key biotic stresses like drought, salinity, etc. as well as biotic ones like diseases and pests while also improving human skills.
Abstract: Plant breeders' ultimate goal in a crop improvement program is to generate varieties with high yield potential in order to sustain high agricultural productivity. In addition to great yield potential, a new cultivar should have stable performance and extensive adaptation over a wide range of settings in addition to great yield potential. The presen...
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Assessment of Attitude Towards Agro-forestry Practices in Mekelle Zone, Aynalem Kebele
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
50-59
Received:
14 April 2022
Accepted:
14 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20220803.12
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Abstract: Agro-forestry is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resources management system that, through integration of trees on farms and agricultural landscapes, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic, and environmental benefits for land users at all levels. The expansion of agriculture in Ethiopia has been taking place at the expense of the natural vegetation, particularly forests, woodlands and other wildlife resources, leading to loss of both flora and fauna, and ultimately, destruction of habitats as a whole. This study is conducted to assess the attitude of society towards agro-forestry in Mekelle zone, Aynalem kebele and carry out numerous indigenous and traditional agro -forestry practice. This research has been done using primary data, which is collected by selfe-administered questionnaire, using simple random sampling technique filled by sample respondents. To address our objectives, descriptive statistics such as frequencies, charts and inferential statistics such as chi-square test and logistic regression model were used for the data analysis. In addition, the study used computer software SPSS, for data analysis and to organize the output. Tree growing conservation and management on agricultural land and in forested areas have been taking place by rural people since the beginning of settled agriculture, for the purpose of food, shelter, ceremonial or religious purpose. As we observed from the study almost half of the population were less satisfied towards agro-forestry practices. The variables such as the education condition of the societies, the condition of the environment, the area of the plant are planted, the best place the planter prefer to plant the tree and the reason to plant tree at home compound/farm are the significance variable have effect on the attitude of the societies towards to agro-forestry.
Abstract: Agro-forestry is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resources management system that, through integration of trees on farms and agricultural landscapes, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic, and environmental benefits for land users at all levels. The expansion of agriculture in Ethiopia has been taking place at th...
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Effect of Plant Spacing on Yield Components and Yield of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] Varieties at Haro Sabu Research Center, Western Ethiopia
Kibiru Kena,
Tamado Tana,
Jemal Abdulahi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
60-69
Received:
27 February 2022
Accepted:
7 April 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20220803.13
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Abstract: Soybean is an important crop in hot sub-moist agro-ecological zone of western Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is limited due to lack of recommendation on appropriate plant density for the varieties. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inter and intra row spacing on growth, yield components and yield of soybean varieties in Dale Sedi District, western Ethiopia. Four inter row spacing (30, 40, 50 and 60cm) and two intra row spacing (5 and 10 cm) were evaluated on three soybean varieties (Nyala, Wello and Dhidhessa). The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Variety Nyala was earlier in attaining flowering (57.06 days), maturity (101.4days) and gave higher hundred grain weight (23.22g) than varieties Wello and Dhidhessa. The longest plant height (98.61cm), (82.19cm) and (80.14cm) were for variety Wello, from 30cm inter row and from 5cm intra row spacing, respectively. The interaction effect of variety and inter row spacing was highly significant on number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and harvest index. The highest number of primary branches per plant (4.57) and number of pods per plant (65.6) was recorded from variety Wello at 60cm while the highest harvest index (43.6%) was recorded from variety Nyala at 40cm.The interaction effect of the variety and intra row spacing was highly significant on number of effective nodules and number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and above ground biomass. The highest effective nodules (23.1) were recorded from variety Wello at 10cm, the highest number of primary branches (4.78) were recorded from variety Didhessa at 10cm intra row spacing, the highest number of pods per plant (61.49) was recorded from variety Wello at 10cm and the highest above ground biomass (12681kg ha-1) was recorded from variety Wello at 5cm. The three way interaction of variety, inter and intra row spacing was highly significant on crop stand count percentage and total grain yield, where the highest crop stand count at harvest (99.77%) was from variety Nyala at 50cm inter row spacing and 5cm intra row spacing and the highest grain yield was recorded from variety Nyala (4127kg ha-1) at 30cm×10cm, (3523kg ha-1) and (2994kg ha-1) from Wello and Didhessa at 40cm×10cm respectively. Therefore, 30cm×10cm is the best spacing in for high yielding of Nyala variety and 40cm×10cm is the most preferable spacing for the highest yield for Wello and Didhessa varieties.
Abstract: Soybean is an important crop in hot sub-moist agro-ecological zone of western Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is limited due to lack of recommendation on appropriate plant density for the varieties. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inter and intra row spacing on growth, yield components and yield of soybea...
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