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Bacteriological Assessment of Stethoscope Used by Health Care Personnel in Attat Hospital, Snnp, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-10
Received:
26 November 2021
Accepted:
21 December 2021
Published:
5 February 2022
Abstract: The stethoscope has always been an important element of a physician's toolkit when it comes to examining patients. The widespread use of stethoscopes by health-care workers for patient examinations makes them a potential source of nosocomial infection transmission. The goal of this study was to see if stethoscopes used by different health-care professionals in Attat Hospital may transmit bacteria. From April to June 2018, a cross-sectional study was done in the molecular laboratory of Wolkite University's department of biotechnology and biology. A total of 26 stethoscopes from health workers who had direct contact with patients were gathered during the study period. The sample was obtained using a sterile cotton-tipped applicator saturated in a sterile solution of physiologic saline (0.85% sodium chloride) to swab the whole surface of the stethoscope's diaphragm and then inoculated into macconkey agar, tryptone soya agar, and blood agar medium. 18 (69.2%) stethoscopes out of total collected stethoscopes had bacterial growth, and 12 bacterial isolates were selected and characterized to genus level. Isolates include staphylococcus aureus (37.5%), coagulase negative staphylococci (28.12%), Streptococcus sp. (21.88%), and Bacillus sp. (12.5%). All isolates were susceptible to the co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacine, while resistant to cifoxitine. They showed intermediate growth against vancomycine. All except streptococcus were found resistant against penicillin. Both S. aureus and CoNS were sensitive to the chloramphenicol; Streptococcus was intermediate while bacillus was resistant to the chloramphenicol. All stethoscopes (42.2%) that had never been cleaned and were last cleaned a week ago were severely contaminated, while those washed multiple times a day and cleansed between each patient before the examination of the patient had lower levels of contamination (27%).
Abstract: The stethoscope has always been an important element of a physician's toolkit when it comes to examining patients. The widespread use of stethoscopes by health-care workers for patient examinations makes them a potential source of nosocomial infection transmission. The goal of this study was to see if stethoscopes used by different health-care prof...
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Study on the Incidence of Salmonella Species in Different Food Samples by Using Cultural and Rapid invA Gene Specific PCR-Based Assay
Khaled Ibrahim,
Sabrin Aljfaeri,
Ammar Aslougi,
Abdlrhman Alsonosi,
Mohamed Saad,
Farag Ibrahim Eltaib,
Mohamed-Elamen Fadel
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
11-15
Received:
6 January 2022
Accepted:
28 January 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: Salmonella is the most common zoonotic pathogen around the world, there is an inadequate capacity of tests to detect this pathogenic bacterium in Libya. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the presence Salmonella spp in various foods from different food establishments in Tripoli, Libya. A total number of 370 samples were taken from 35 confectionery premises (170 samples of cakes, 25 of tarts), 11 poultry butcheries (55 samples of chicken meat), and 2 cattle butcheries (120 samples of camel meat). The isolates of Salmonella bacteria were investigated and identified by conventional cultures and biochemical methods such as (API20E). The typical Salmonella identified isolates were subjected to the PCR to detect invA gene. The results showed that 30/370 (8.11%) Salmonella spp were identified and distributed in 10 cake samples (5.9%), 2 tart samples (8%), 16 chicken meat samples (29.1%) and 2 camel meat samples (1.7%). The invA gene was detected in 22 isolates (73.33%), all Salmonella spp isolated from cakes and cattle meat samples are invasive strains. Overall, Salmonella spp is more abundant in poultry butchers than other food establishments in Tripoli, Libya, inclusion of PCR methods to detect Salmonella spp is highly recommended.
Abstract: Salmonella is the most common zoonotic pathogen around the world, there is an inadequate capacity of tests to detect this pathogenic bacterium in Libya. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the presence Salmonella spp in various foods from different food establishments in Tripoli, Libya. A total number of 370 samples were taken from 3...
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Detection of Picornavirales Viruses Using Viral Metagenomics in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Guangdong Province, China
Ping Liu,
Jia Bin Zhou,
Lin Miao Li,
Wen Zhong Huang,
Jin Ping Chen
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
16-30
Received:
23 January 2022
Accepted:
9 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are hosts of several viruses that result in highly destructive diseases. Identifying and cataloging viruses carried by wild boars is a logical approach to evaluate the range of potential viruses and help with the conservation of both wild boars and cultivated pigs, as well as human beings, considering the possibility of zoonotic virus transmission from pigs to humans. In this study, eight lung tissue samples and 11 mixtures of anal and pharyngeal swabs were collected from 11 healthy wild boar individuals. Viral metagenomic analyses were conducted to detect virus diversity in wild boars. 1,199 contigs from a total of 184,434 de novo assembled contigs were determined as viral sequences, of which 71 contigs had a high level of sequence similarity to known RNA viruses. The dominant viruses were Sakobuvirus A and Posavirus 1, both of which belong to the Picornavirales family. A draft genome of Sakobuvirus A, covering 80.6% of the genome of the feline Sakobuvirus A strain, as well as a whole genome sequence of a Posavirus 1 strain with a length of 9,226 bp were obtained. Although there is little information on the etiology and pathogenesis of these two Picornavirales strains, their detection will enrich the information in the Picornavirales database and further expedite Picornavirales research on genetic diversity, epidemiology, and evolution.
Abstract: Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are hosts of several viruses that result in highly destructive diseases. Identifying and cataloging viruses carried by wild boars is a logical approach to evaluate the range of potential viruses and help with the conservation of both wild boars and cultivated pigs, as well as human beings, considering the possibility of zoon...
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Virus Isolation and Propagation from H3N2 Influenza Infected Human Clinical Samples Under Distinct Sample Storage Conditions
Hongyan Bai,
Jiachen Zhao,
Chunna Ma,
Hejiang Wei,
Xiyan Li,
Qiongqiong Fang,
Peng Yang,
Quanyi Wang,
Dayan Wang,
Li Xin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
31-36
Received:
24 December 2021
Accepted:
28 January 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Isolation and propagation of influenza virus from Influenza Like Illness (ILI) clinical sample is essential for the surveillance of circulating virus, such as antigenic and genetic analyses, antiviral sensitivity surveillance, as well as annual influenza vaccine selection. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell is conventionally used for virus isolation in public health laboratories. Throat swap samples of Influenza like Illness (ILI) were collected from two sentinel hospitals and screened seasonal influenza by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). H3N2 positive samples were performed virus isolation in MDCK cells. Samples were stored under different conditions before inoculation, 1-2 days at 2-8°C, 4-5 day or 8-9 days at 2-8°C, and no less than two months at -80°C. The results showed that long term (>2 month) -80°C storage of clinical samples (15.12%) had significantly lower virus isolation rate compare to short term (1-2 days and 4-9 days) under 2-8°C storage (88.37% for 1-2 days and 52.33% for 4-9 days). For those samples stored at 4°C, the shorter of the storage time, the better of sample quality and virus activity could be obtained, resulting in higher isolation rate. This study provides evidence for influenza surveillance and sample quality control.
Abstract: Isolation and propagation of influenza virus from Influenza Like Illness (ILI) clinical sample is essential for the surveillance of circulating virus, such as antigenic and genetic analyses, antiviral sensitivity surveillance, as well as annual influenza vaccine selection. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell is conventionally used for virus isola...
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Surveillance of Resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem in Broad-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing E. coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in Njombe, Cameroon
Marthe Viviane Fonkam,
Cédric Gueguim,
Michel Kengne,
Lucien Honoré Etame Sone,
Constant Anatole Pieme
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
37-42
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
23 February 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: The emergence and spread of carbapenems resistance Enterobacteriaceae remain a major public health, a real threat as well as a silent tsunami. This phenomenon leading to reduce the therapeutic option and increase the additional cost. The general objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Escherichia coli strains producing broad-spectrum beta lactamases and resistant to carbapenems. We carried out a descriptive, cross sectional and prospective study between August and November 2020 at the Hospital Saint Jean de Malte in Njombe, on a consecutive sample of 249 patients received at the bacteriology unit. Our study population consisted of all patients who came for inpatient or outpatient consultations, were prescribed an cytobacterioligical urine exam, and in whom an E. coli strain was isolated. The identification of E. coli strains was confirmed using the Api 20E mini gallery. Resistance to carbapenems (Meropenem and Imipenem) was defined by determining the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by the microdilution plate method. Of the 249 cytobacterioligical urine exam samples received during our study period, 131 presented a pathogenic germ and E. coli strains were identified in 85 of them. The age of the patients in whom the E. coli strains were identified ranged from 70 to 85 years and the male sex dominated with a frequency of 38.2%. Of these identified E. coli strains, we detected 08 (9.41%) BLSE-producing strains. The resistance rate of the isolated E. coli strains producing BLSE was 75% and 50% for Meropenem and Imipenem respectively. The results of this study underline the urgent need for a regular surveillance system for broad-spectrum antibiotics in our context.
Abstract: The emergence and spread of carbapenems resistance Enterobacteriaceae remain a major public health, a real threat as well as a silent tsunami. This phenomenon leading to reduce the therapeutic option and increase the additional cost. The general objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Escherichia coli strains producing broad-spect...
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Fungal Diversity of Food Supplements Sold on the Markets of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire): Case of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Powders
Yakoura Karidja Ouattara,
Kalpy Julien Coulibaly,
Sylvie Mireille Kouame-Sina,
Zanakoungo Ibrahima Coulibaly,
Amine Naty Tadiogo Kone,
Vakou N’dri Sabine,
Karidja Thanon,
Eugene Patrice Kissiedou,
Andre Offianan Toure,
Adjehi Dadie
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
43-50
Received:
27 February 2022
Accepted:
21 March 2022
Published:
31 March 2022
Abstract: The consumption of food supplements such as Spirulina and Moringa is increasing in developing countries. However, these foods, due to certain processing conditions, are likely to be contaminated by moulds potentially producing dangerous mycotoxins. The objective of this study is to determine the level of contamination and the diversity of fungal flora found in Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) powder produced and marketed in Abidjan. A total of 360 samples of powder, including 144 of Spirulina and 216 of Moringa, were collected from different sales outlets. The identification of fungal isolates was carried out on the basis of classical mycology criteria. The prevalence of fungal strains in the analyzed products was 85.83%, which 77.99% in Spirulina and 22.01% in Moringa. The predominant species were Aspergillus flavus (24.6%), Aspergillus niger (21.68%), Penicillium sp (20.71%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (12.62%). The study shows that Spirulina powder and Moringa powder sold in markets are contaminated with moulds, some of which are potentially mycotoxin producers posing a health risk to consumers. Strict hygiene measures must be observed during the production and marketing of Moringa and Spirulina powders in order to prevent any poisoning among consumers.
Abstract: The consumption of food supplements such as Spirulina and Moringa is increasing in developing countries. However, these foods, due to certain processing conditions, are likely to be contaminated by moulds potentially producing dangerous mycotoxins. The objective of this study is to determine the level of contamination and the diversity of fungal fl...
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