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Establishing an Effective Nuclear Regulatory Regime: A Case Study of South Africa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-18
Received:
4 January 2021
Accepted:
25 January 2021
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: This research is aimed at providing insight into various nuclear regimes for countries that are looking to start a nuclear energy programme but have yet to develop such regimes, as well as those with a well-established nuclear programme. It will also evaluate the value of independence of nuclear regulators with regards nuclear safety whether independence on its own is of any value to the society or the nuclear regulator needs to be more effective in giving effect to the objective and mandate it was established for. Based on the fact that there is currently no yardstick available to measure the effectiveness of the nuclear regulator in carrying out its functions, a number of pointers are listed which failed will indicate the ineffectiveness of the nuclear regulators in protecting the public, environment and the property from the harmful effects of radiation. It will also highlight the value of flexibility in nuclear licensing in order to find the right fit between the nuclear regulatory circumstances and not sticking to the design of the nuclear regulatory regimes when they are not relevant. In addition, this paper will indicate the advantages and disadvantages of various regulatory regimes applicable to the nuclear regulatory authority, and most importantly show the fundamental difference between ‘as low as reasonably achievable, (ALARA), economic and social factors being taken into account’ and ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP), and why these two cannot be used interchangeably.
Abstract: This research is aimed at providing insight into various nuclear regimes for countries that are looking to start a nuclear energy programme but have yet to develop such regimes, as well as those with a well-established nuclear programme. It will also evaluate the value of independence of nuclear regulators with regards nuclear safety whether indepe...
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Enforcement of Arbitral Interim Measures Under the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
19-28
Received:
8 December 2020
Accepted:
13 January 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: In securing the interests of the parties to an arbitration agreement, arbitral interim measures are of considerable importance. Due to the capacity of arbitral tribunals and courts to grant and enforce interim measures that make the final award meaningful, arbitration, as a litigation procedure, is becoming increasingly effective. The value of interim measures has grown in recent years in Nigeria as more parties to commercial arrangements and transactions are requesting them, and is expected to expand even more in the coming years. This paper discusses the challenges concerning arbitral interim measures in Nigeria's arbitral proceedings; as such questions pose a challenge to arbitration in the present legal framework. The purpose of the paper is to define, examine and propose solutions to those issues that delay arbitral proceedings or sabotage the nexus of the disputes. Also, the paper illustrates the difficulties faced by arbitrators in granting and implementing interim measures during arbitral proceedings, as a result of the shortcomings of the present Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1990 that gives tribunals’ rather limited control. The paper further aims to explain that arbitral tribunals should be granted sufficient and substantive power to provide arbitral interim measures to compel parties to conform with the arrangement and to respect the party's autonomy in arbitration agreements.
Abstract: In securing the interests of the parties to an arbitration agreement, arbitral interim measures are of considerable importance. Due to the capacity of arbitral tribunals and courts to grant and enforce interim measures that make the final award meaningful, arbitration, as a litigation procedure, is becoming increasingly effective. The value of inte...
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Analysis of Medical Markets and Use of Mechanism Design Physician-Patient Interactions and Role of Organizations
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
29-39
Received:
11 December 2020
Accepted:
8 January 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: This paper has been written after a seminar at the Soton business school (University of Southampton), discussing how market design mechanism can be useful for some medical markets, especially in combination with the reversed algorithm, called reversed conjoint model on physicians’ choices (Huttin, 2014, 2017); this first paper provides a description of two cases, one at the micro level of physician and patient interaction and a second one to integrate the organizational level of primary care groups. The first case is a micro representation of a physician-patient interaction, which can be expanded to integrate various types of heterogeneity of demand for care. The second case introduces the organizational level of primary care, with the example of the fundholding system; it leads to opt for a cooperative approach and to integrate variations between over spenders and lower spenders’ physicians. This paper uses the formalization of a game approach and proposes a stream of research for policy design in decision tools for financing reforms in health care. It explores how market failures in health care can be addressed with engineering economics and implementation of rules for different types of interactions in medical markets. Moreover, the limits to address the sources of heterogeneity between practices with tools such as yardstick competition may be addressed with the fast digitalization of the health system.
Abstract: This paper has been written after a seminar at the Soton business school (University of Southampton), discussing how market design mechanism can be useful for some medical markets, especially in combination with the reversed algorithm, called reversed conjoint model on physicians’ choices (Huttin, 2014, 2017); this first paper provides a descriptio...
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Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction
Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed,
Othman Nabeel Sabeeh,
Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
40-46
Received:
11 February 2021
Accepted:
1 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose absorption is followed at the wavelength of 405 nm. Beer's law limitation for the proposed method was in the range of concentrations of 4.0-30 μg. ml-1. The molar absorbance value was 8.701 x 104 l mol.-1 cm.-1 and Sandell's sensitivity value was 0.0376 μg. cm-2. The effect of the reaction components was studied separately by changing one of the components and keeping the other constant, and the optimal conditions were chosen for all these studied components. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of NICS in a pharmaceutical formulation (Yumesan tablets). The recovery percentage of the medicinal compound under study (niclosamide) from the tablet pharmaceutical preparation (Yumesan) via applying the suggested method was not less than 96.36%, and the values of each of the low detection limit (LOD), the low quantitation limit (LOQ), the relative error percentage (RE%), and the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%), their values were calculated as they are listed 0.9778 μg. ml-1, 3.259 μg. ml-1, -3.61% and not more than 3.67% respectively.
Abstract: The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose abso...
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Forensic DNA Databank Malaysia (FDDM): 100,000 DNA Profiles Achievement
Mahaya Abdul Rahman,
Siti Afifah Ismail,
Tang Ngat Ngoh,
Hussein Omar Khan,
Nor Aidora Saedon,
Nurul Hazirah Mat Lazim
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
47-53
Received:
4 November 2020
Accepted:
24 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Since 2013 to 2018, many successes have been achieved through the implementation of FDDM by the DNA Databank Division (D13) Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) and the Department of Chemistry Malaysia (KIMIA). Amongst those successes was the increase in the number of DNA samples analyzed by 31,095 for the year 2018; as compared to 2017 which was only 11,359; and now the total number of DNA samples that have been successfully analyzed by (D13) was 96,037. With the full commitment and cooperation given by both RMP and KIMIA, the DNA profiles in the FDDM System have touched the remarkable number of 100,000 in 2018. This is a great success for both agencies. The matching cases also showed an increase in number and by year 2018, there were 33 cases and it is expected to undergo continual increment from year to year. The MS ISO/ IEC 17025:2005 Accreditation for RMP DNA Laboratory is currently gearing up for a new version of MS ISO/ IEC 17025:2017 Accreditation, which is scheduled to be implemented. Spanning the 21st century, RMP and KIMIA are always positive in ensuring that the direction of FDDM constantly evolves from time to time in line with the rapid development of DNA Technology.
Abstract: Since 2013 to 2018, many successes have been achieved through the implementation of FDDM by the DNA Databank Division (D13) Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) and the Department of Chemistry Malaysia (KIMIA). Amongst those successes was the increase in the number of DNA samples analyzed by 31,095 for the year 2018; as compared to 2017 which was only 11,35...
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Strengthening the Development of State Defense Resources and Building the National Logistic Reserves
Novky Asmoro,
Mitro Prihantoro,
Iqbal Fikri
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
54-59
Received:
10 April 2021
Accepted:
26 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: National resources for national defense in principle include human resources, natural resources, artificial resources and national infrastructure for national defense. The existence of resources and infrastructure will be a systematic implementation of development programs if proactive citizens support and participate in defense efforts of the state as well as in supporting the construction of national logistics reserves. SWOT analysis is used in addition to seeing the red thread between the two problems, also determining both internal and external factors for effective extraction strategies. Through a combination of comprehensive study literature and library research, it is hoped that analysis will lead to discrete efforts involving government programs in embody one of these 2021 state defense policies. The interplay of resources, the use of methods to determine the correct strategy goals is believed to direct the strategy to the right programs. The results of this study, internal factors in the strategic perspective can be elaborated with several external factors, namely the Opportunity aspect, namely the stability of stable civil-military relations, the potential for Natural Resources & Artificial Resources and the availability of Sarpras and Infrastructure as well as threats including high law violations, terrorism and radicalism and primordialism which are still high. These efforts are optimized to produce a solution strategy in solving the problem of developing defense resources and building national logistical reserves. The strategy determined based on SWOT calculations and weighting is in Quadrant I which means a favorable situation so that the strategy implemented is to fully support government policy.
Abstract: National resources for national defense in principle include human resources, natural resources, artificial resources and national infrastructure for national defense. The existence of resources and infrastructure will be a systematic implementation of development programs if proactive citizens support and participate in defense efforts of the stat...
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