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Evaluation of Existing Road Technologies and the Impact of Management of It to Achieving Smart Cities in Iraq
Huda Mohammed Ali Hashim Al–Haboobi,
Redvan Ghasemlounia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
4 March 2021
Accepted:
24 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20210501.14
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Abstract: The concept of technologies roads in smart cities is one of the concepts that have emerged recently in the developed world, which lacks application in the roads of our Iraqi country, despite its possession of the qualifications that enable it to keep pace with the developed world. In addition, there is a government rise in road construction and maintenance. As well as environmental concerns about reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the main objective is to provide a comprehensive review of the idea of new technologies in roads as well as their various applications in the developed countries of the world, by focusing on smart uses of technology management and advanced technological systems that are important signs of progress. It has been recently conducted in the field of design and construction which not only accommodates major developments in building technology but also provides physical and environmental improvement to its occupants and provides areas where traditional services in construction are more diversified, efficient, sophisticated, and competitive through the use of technology to enhance city operations for the benefit of their inhabitants and the advantages of their application on roads Iraq to turn it into smart cities. This paper deals with two different cases in studying the use of new materials in establishing modern roads in smart cities. The first is to use plastic methods and the other is to use paints for glow-in-the-dark roads. The questionnaire was used to analyze the results of the study on 60 samples of engineers of different disciplines and ages. The results of the questionnaire used in the study indicate the utmost importance to refer to technological methods in the field of roads in developed countries that recognize the need for technology as a key to environmentally friendly, sustainable, and effective reform methods and their implementation in our country.
Abstract: The concept of technologies roads in smart cities is one of the concepts that have emerged recently in the developed world, which lacks application in the roads of our Iraqi country, despite its possession of the qualifications that enable it to keep pace with the developed world. In addition, there is a government rise in road construction and mai...
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Comparative Analysis of ORC and Condensing Heat Engines for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery
Gerald Muller,
Curtis Howell
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
7-13
Received:
2 April 2021
Accepted:
16 April 2021
Published:
26 April 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20210501.15
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Abstract: The re-use of low-grade waste heat has the potential to contribute significantly to a better energy efficiency of our economies. There is a resource of around 100 TWhr per year in this area in Europe alone. The technology development in this area is still ongoing. Organic Rankine Cycle systems are considered the most promising technology. However, a nearly forgotten technology, the condensing engine (CE), was recently re-discovered. CEs use water as working fluid, with an operating temperature of 100°C at atmospheric pressure. The water is evaporated, and then condensed in the engine, where the arising vacuum is employed to generate power. Condensing engines were built until the late 19th Century, and then disappeared. Results from tests conducted in 1885 with a 0.735 kW commercial engine showed a mechanical efficiency of 3.7%, with a second law efficiency of 24.7%. For comparison, four typical experimental studies of Organic Rankine Cycle systems with power ratings between 0.5 and 1.4 kW were reviewed. Their thermal efficiencies ranged from 4.2 to 6.8%. The ORC systems’ second law efficiencies ranged from 20 to 35%, with an average of 27.5%. The comparative analysis showed that the CE’s performance is comparable to modern systems. Theoretical work suggests that it has significant further development potential. The CE’s simplicity combined with good efficiency, the use of a very simple working fluid, reduced safety requirements and the development potential makes this a technology which can become important again.
Abstract: The re-use of low-grade waste heat has the potential to contribute significantly to a better energy efficiency of our economies. There is a resource of around 100 TWhr per year in this area in Europe alone. The technology development in this area is still ongoing. Organic Rankine Cycle systems are considered the most promising technology. However, ...
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Safest and Shortest Exit Algorithm for NPP Fire Evacuation
Amany Fouad Abd El-Aal,
Adel Zaglool,
Magy Mohamed Kandil
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
14-21
Received:
3 April 2021
Accepted:
23 April 2021
Published:
30 April 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20210501.16
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Abstract: Fire safety in nuclear power plants (NPPs) is very important for realizing a high level of safety which investigate achievement reasonably protection for persons and the environment since fire can cause core melts thus emergency fire evacuations are concerned in NPPs. In this research, a new algorithm for Emergency fire evacuation is developed to minimize evacuation time for limiting the evacuee’s exposure to fire hazards products. The developed algorithm is a Safest Shortest Exit algorithm (SSE) which consists of three techniques: a rules-based to recognize the safest route, Distance Vector Hop (DV-Hop) localization to determine evacuee's location, and Dijkstra to produce the shortest route. The developed SSE is simulated for protecting the persons inside NPP buildings through three stages. Validation of the developed SSE algorithm is realised through simulation fire scenario inside a standard Main Control Room (MCR) in a Nuclear Power Plant as realistic fire scenario using the Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (CFAST) as fire zone model. CFAST produces output fire data that used by SSE to create the exit map for safest and shortest route for evacuees. The Results of the simulation represent that the developed algorithm can produce the safest and shortest evacuation route within minimum evacuation time in form of a clear tree graph.
Abstract: Fire safety in nuclear power plants (NPPs) is very important for realizing a high level of safety which investigate achievement reasonably protection for persons and the environment since fire can cause core melts thus emergency fire evacuations are concerned in NPPs. In this research, a new algorithm for Emergency fire evacuation is developed to m...
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Remote Monitoring of Surface Roughness on Turned and Milled Carbon Steels with High-Speed Steel and Tungsten Carbide Tools
Ludovic Ngongang,
Thomas Kanaa,
Ebenezer Njeugna,
Atangana Ateba
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
22-34
Received:
23 April 2021
Accepted:
10 May 2021
Published:
21 May 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20210501.17
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Abstract: Machinists and Metrologists are most often called to take decisions for least machining to achieve specific surface qualities of mechanical organs used in aeronautics and other severe environments. The highest challenge they face is in decision-making about the surface finish related to the cutting conditions, the tool life, and the machined material. This paper proposes a method of remote measurement and prediction of the surface roughness on turned and milled carbon steels with high-speed steel and tungsten carbide tools, based on the image acquisition protocol, material content and tool life. The remote measurement of the surface roughness involved a point-to-point viewing angle to capture the image surfaces to appreciate the ideal angle of optimal optical measurement. The assessment of the optical roughness involved the line profiling calculation method on the locally corrected pixels’ values before the areal integration. The optical roughness values were regressed on the reference values and the precision of the method was assessed. The angles of 60°, 75°, and 120° show the effectiveness of the measurement method with precision attaining 83%. For the roughness prediction in the milling and turning operations with high-speed steel and tungsten carbide tools, the fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks techniques are compared considering the cutting conditions as fixed, the carbon percentage and the tool life, all as inputs. With an overall measurement precision above 90% and very low mean square errors, the qualifiedness of the predictive methods is underlined.
Abstract: Machinists and Metrologists are most often called to take decisions for least machining to achieve specific surface qualities of mechanical organs used in aeronautics and other severe environments. The highest challenge they face is in decision-making about the surface finish related to the cutting conditions, the tool life, and the machined materi...
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