The objective of the paper was to review management practices of pasture, range and grazing reserves in order to ensure steady supply of feed and promote sustainable livestock productivity in the tropics. Grazing management deals with such questions as how long should animals stay in one area and how long they should stay off it; which animals should graze what pasture; how many animals should graze together and what other activities should be integrated with grazing. Grazing management and stocking rate are the two most important variables affecting herbage production, seasonal pattern of production, herbage quality and botanical composition. Farm animals require nutrients to support body maintenance, reproduction, lactation, and growth. The nutritional needs of livestock vary according to breed, age, sex, class, stage of production, performance level and weight. Physiological and environmental stressors, such as sickness and weather, can also influence nutritional requirements. Ruminant animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats are natural grazers and possess remarkable ability to digest plant carbohydrates that is generally indigestible by most other mammals. It is natural then to assume that, grazing is the best way to supply a nutrient-dense diet to ruminant animals. Pasture land with high quality grass-legume can meet energy requirements of growing or lactating ruminants in the wet season. Energy supplementation on pasture helps in maintaining high grains and milk production. High quality forages have the ability to supply all the energy needed to maintain highly-productive ruminants throughout the growing season, but only when managed intensively. Legume-grass pastures have protein content greater than 18% during the vegetative stage. Feed resources that contain minerals include; range or pasture plants, harvested forages, concentrates and mineral supplements. The levels of minerals in plants are a function of interaction between several factors which include soil type, plant species, stage of maturity, dry matter yield, grazing management and climate. Forage conservation and preservation should be highly encouraged among farmers especially during the wet season where the feed resources are in abundant supply.
| Published in | American Journal of Entomology (Volume 5, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11 |
| Page(s) | 18-26 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Management Practices, Pasture, Range, Grazing Reserves, Livestock, Tropics
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APA Style
Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim, Lawal Abubakar Usman. (2021). Management Practices of Pasture, Range and Grazing Reserves for Livestock Production in the Tropics: A Review. American Journal of Entomology, 5(2), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11
ACS Style
Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim; Lawal Abubakar Usman. Management Practices of Pasture, Range and Grazing Reserves for Livestock Production in the Tropics: A Review. Am. J. Entomol. 2021, 5(2), 18-26. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11
AMA Style
Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim, Lawal Abubakar Usman. Management Practices of Pasture, Range and Grazing Reserves for Livestock Production in the Tropics: A Review. Am J Entomol. 2021;5(2):18-26. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11,
author = {Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim and Lawal Abubakar Usman},
title = {Management Practices of Pasture, Range and Grazing Reserves for Livestock Production in the Tropics: A Review},
journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {18-26},
doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20210502.11},
abstract = {The objective of the paper was to review management practices of pasture, range and grazing reserves in order to ensure steady supply of feed and promote sustainable livestock productivity in the tropics. Grazing management deals with such questions as how long should animals stay in one area and how long they should stay off it; which animals should graze what pasture; how many animals should graze together and what other activities should be integrated with grazing. Grazing management and stocking rate are the two most important variables affecting herbage production, seasonal pattern of production, herbage quality and botanical composition. Farm animals require nutrients to support body maintenance, reproduction, lactation, and growth. The nutritional needs of livestock vary according to breed, age, sex, class, stage of production, performance level and weight. Physiological and environmental stressors, such as sickness and weather, can also influence nutritional requirements. Ruminant animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats are natural grazers and possess remarkable ability to digest plant carbohydrates that is generally indigestible by most other mammals. It is natural then to assume that, grazing is the best way to supply a nutrient-dense diet to ruminant animals. Pasture land with high quality grass-legume can meet energy requirements of growing or lactating ruminants in the wet season. Energy supplementation on pasture helps in maintaining high grains and milk production. High quality forages have the ability to supply all the energy needed to maintain highly-productive ruminants throughout the growing season, but only when managed intensively. Legume-grass pastures have protein content greater than 18% during the vegetative stage. Feed resources that contain minerals include; range or pasture plants, harvested forages, concentrates and mineral supplements. The levels of minerals in plants are a function of interaction between several factors which include soil type, plant species, stage of maturity, dry matter yield, grazing management and climate. Forage conservation and preservation should be highly encouraged among farmers especially during the wet season where the feed resources are in abundant supply.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Management Practices of Pasture, Range and Grazing Reserves for Livestock Production in the Tropics: A Review AU - Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim AU - Lawal Abubakar Usman Y1 - 2021/05/14 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11 DO - 10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11 T2 - American Journal of Entomology JF - American Journal of Entomology JO - American Journal of Entomology SP - 18 EP - 26 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2640-0537 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20210502.11 AB - The objective of the paper was to review management practices of pasture, range and grazing reserves in order to ensure steady supply of feed and promote sustainable livestock productivity in the tropics. Grazing management deals with such questions as how long should animals stay in one area and how long they should stay off it; which animals should graze what pasture; how many animals should graze together and what other activities should be integrated with grazing. Grazing management and stocking rate are the two most important variables affecting herbage production, seasonal pattern of production, herbage quality and botanical composition. Farm animals require nutrients to support body maintenance, reproduction, lactation, and growth. The nutritional needs of livestock vary according to breed, age, sex, class, stage of production, performance level and weight. Physiological and environmental stressors, such as sickness and weather, can also influence nutritional requirements. Ruminant animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats are natural grazers and possess remarkable ability to digest plant carbohydrates that is generally indigestible by most other mammals. It is natural then to assume that, grazing is the best way to supply a nutrient-dense diet to ruminant animals. Pasture land with high quality grass-legume can meet energy requirements of growing or lactating ruminants in the wet season. Energy supplementation on pasture helps in maintaining high grains and milk production. High quality forages have the ability to supply all the energy needed to maintain highly-productive ruminants throughout the growing season, but only when managed intensively. Legume-grass pastures have protein content greater than 18% during the vegetative stage. Feed resources that contain minerals include; range or pasture plants, harvested forages, concentrates and mineral supplements. The levels of minerals in plants are a function of interaction between several factors which include soil type, plant species, stage of maturity, dry matter yield, grazing management and climate. Forage conservation and preservation should be highly encouraged among farmers especially during the wet season where the feed resources are in abundant supply. VL - 5 IS - 2 ER -
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