On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness

Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness

Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam

, Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam^*

Published in American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 14, Issue 1)

Received: 21 September 2026 Accepted: 4 October 2026 Published: 11 November 2026

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Abstract

The goal of this work is to examine radar absorbing material (RAM); which -in the simplest case- is composed of a single metal-packed coating layer, reflectivity (R) through a frequency (f) range from 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz; this range covers applications of long-range radar, missile detection, surface target tracking, and airborne precision ground radars. Variation of nonmagnetic, homogeneous, and non-dispersive RAM R is reformed to facilitate calculations. Effect of dielectric parameters; permittivity and permeability (ϵ and μ) on R for one layer-metal-packed RAM with two different thicknesses (they influence the electromagnetic wave absorption due to attenuation and matching models) are given. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) which characterises the behaviour of a material depends on material conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (ϵ_r) and relative permeability (μ_r). reflection loss (R), absorption loss (A), and internal loss (M) for one and two layers located between two semi-infinite free space media are derived. Attenuation (α) variations with f, ϵ, μ, and layer thickness for single and double layers are examined. Results indicate that most waves are reflected from inside interfaces of RAM also high conductivity, high permeability, and increasing thickness are necessary to configure good absorbent. Calculations and graphs are carried on using MATLAB R2013a.

Published in	American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 14, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
Page(s)	17-23
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radar Absorbing Material, Electromagnetic Shield, Attenuation, Loss

1. Introduction

A great challenge is to force targets to be invisible to enemy radars, this can be achieved by reducing radar cross section (RCS), four techniques can reduce RCS are shaping, RAM, passive cancellation, and active cancellation

[1]

The simplest RAM structure composed of a single metal-packed coating layer (Figure 1), to enhance minimum reflectivity, the effects of all loss mechanisms can be lumped by refractive index or permittivity

(ϵ)

and permeability

(μ)

of the material, all of them can be complex

[2]

. RAM converts radar wave energy into heat causing loss and/or scattering it back to free space

[3]

. To achieve considerable attenuation of radar waves,

ϵ

and

μ

must be large which is tempered with the fact that large values of

ϵ

and

μ

would result in a large reflection coefficient

[4]

. RAM thickness influences the electromagnetic wave absorption due to attenuation and matching models

[5]

The present work selects the operating frequency band to cover applications of long-range radar, missile detection, surface target tracking, and airborne precision ground radars, these applications demand a spectrum of 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz, more details are given

[6-10]

Starting by initializing varying

|ϵ|

with electric loss angle

δ_{e} = π / 9

and constant RAM thickness, assuming common dielectric materials used for absorbers, such as foams, plastics and elastomers, these materials have no magnetic properties, giving them

μ = 1 + j 0

[11]

2. RAM Reflectivity

In case of incident fields have a negative time dependence

e^{- jωt}

the relative dielectric properties of RAM are

ε_{r} = ε_{r}^{'} + j ε_{r}^{''} = |ε_{r}| e^{j δ_{e}}

(1)

μ_{r} = μ_{r}^{'} + j μ_{r}^{''} = |μ_{r}| e^{{jδ}_{m}}

(2)

RAM’s relative intrinsic impedance and refractive index are

Z_{r} = Z_{r}^{'} + j Z_{r}^{''} = {(μ_{r} / ε_{r})}^{1 / 2}

(3)

N_{r} = N_{r}^{'} + j N_{r}^{''} = {(μ_{r} ε_{r})}^{1 / 2}

(4)

Prime and double prime superscripts represent real (energy storage) and imaginary (energy loss) parts of RAM dielectric properties which are complex scalars,

\tan δ_{e}

and

\tan δ_{m}

are the dielectric loss tangents, they are a measure of the power loss in the medium. RAM wave number

k = k_{o} N_{r}

, where

k_{o} = ω \sqrt{μ_{o} ε_{o}} = 2 π / λ_{o}

is free space wave number and

λ_{o} = f / c

is free space wavelength,

f

is the incident wave frequency and

c = {(μ_{o} ε_{o})}^{- 1 / 2}

is the energy speed in free space,

μ_{o} (\approx 0.4 micro h enry / m)

and

ε_{o} (\approx 8.854 picofarad / m)

are free space permeability and permittivity,

ω

is the radian frequency.

The reflection coefficient of RAM backed by a perfect electric conductor (PEC) (Figure 1) is given by the stratified media approach

[12, 13]

or transmission line theory

[14, 15]

as:

R = \frac{Z_{r} \tan h (- jkd) - 1}{Z_{r} \tan h (- jkd) + 1}

(5)

d

is the RAM thickness,

Z_{r}

is the RAM impedance normalized by free space intrinsic impedance

Z_{o} = {(μ_{o} / ε_{o})}^{1 / 2} = 120 π Ω

\tan h

argument of (5) is assumed as -

jkd = - j k_{o} N_{r} d = k_{o} d N_{r}^{''} - j k_{o} d N_{r}^{'} = x + jy

Expressing

\tan h (x + jy) = \frac{\tan h (x) + jtan (y)}{1 + j \tan h (x) \tan (y)}

with (1-4) are substituted into (5) with some of trigonometric and hyperbolic identities utilization, the voltage reflection coefficient amplitude is given as:

|R| = {(\frac{{X_{1}}^{2} + {X_{2}}^{2}}{{X_{3}}^{2} + {X_{4}}^{2}})}^{1 / 2}

(6)

Phase angle of R is important in some narrowband RAM applications where resonant energy cancellation is used

[16]

here,

X_{1} = \frac{Aa}{C} - b - Z_{r}^{''}

X_{2} = \frac{Ba}{C} + Z_{r}^{'}

X_{3} = \frac{Aa}{C} + b + Z_{r}^{'} \sin h (2 x)

X_{4} = \frac{Ba}{C} + Z_{r}^{''} \sin h (2 x)

a = {\sin h}^{2} (x) + \sin^{2} (y)

b = {\sin h}^{2} (x) + \cos^{2} (y)

A = μ_{r}^{'} ε_{r}^{'} + μ_{r}^{''} ε_{r}^{''}

B = μ_{r}^{''} ε_{r}^{'} - μ_{r}^{'} ε_{r}^{''}

C = {ε_{r}^{'}}^{2} + {ε_{r}^{''}}^{2}

Z_{r}^{'} = Lcos (θ)

Z_{r}^{''} = Lsin (θ)

L = {(\frac{A^{2} + B^{2}}{C^{2}})}^{1 / 4}

θ = \frac{1}{2} \tan^{- 1} (\frac{B}{A})

Eqn. (6) rather than (5) paved the way for the algorithm to configure minima with less round error, less iterations, and no discontinuities, it expresses magnitude of RAM reflectivity which is given in decibels as

[17]

⌈R_{dB}⌉ = 20 \log_{10} (|R|)

(7)

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 1. One-layer RAM backed by a PEC {impedance of layer

i (Z_{i}), i = 1 - 3

, 1-air, 2-RAM, 3-PEC/or air (section III)}.

3. EMISE

EMISE is based on its ability of attenuating incident radiation by reflection, absorption, and internal reflection mechanisms (classical shielding theory)

[18, 19]

. The EMISE behaviour of a material depends on its conductivity

(σ)

ε_{r}

and

μ_{r}

[20]

. It is defined as the ratio of transmitted energy

(E_{t})

and incident energy

(E_{i})

[21]

, the total (

{SE}_{t}

) is given

[21-23]

{SE}_{t} (dB) = {SE}_{A} + {SE}_{R} + {SE}_{M}

. Consider a dielectric sheet of thickness

d

is located between two semi-infinite free space media (Figure 1 with removed PEC). The transmission coefficient is given

[24]

T = \frac{1}{(1 + Z_{12}) (1 + Z_{23})} \frac{4 e^{j (k_{2} - k_{3}) d}}{1 + r_{12} r_{23} e^{2 j k_{2}} d}

(8)

here,

r_{12} = \frac{Z_{2} - Z_{1}}{Z_{2} + Z_{1}}

r_{23} = \frac{Z_{3} - Z_{2}}{Z_{3} + Z_{2}}

, substituting in (6.a) gives

T = \frac{4 Z_{2} Z_{3}}{(Z_{2} + Z_{1}) (Z_{3} + Z_{2})} e^{j (k_{2} - k_{3})} \frac{1}{1 + r_{1} r_{2} e^{2 j k_{2} d}}

(9)

r_{1} = \frac{Z_{2} - Z_{1}}{Z_{2} + Z_{1}}

r_{2} = \frac{Z_{3} - Z_{2}}{Z_{3} + Z_{2}}

, and

Z_{i} = \frac{ω μ_{i}}{k_{i}}

, where

Z_{i}

is the impedance of layer

i

, the permeability and propagation constant of layer

i

are

μ_{i}

and

k_{i}

respectively.

k_{i} = ω \sqrt{μ_{i} (ε_{i} - j \frac{σ_{i}}{ω})}

SE = - 20 \log_{10} |T| = R + A + M

(10)

Eqns. (9) and (10) lead to

R = 20 \log_{10} |\frac{(Z_{2} + Z_{1}) (Z_{3} + Z_{2})}{4 Z_{2} Z_{3}}|

(11)

A = 20 \log_{10} |e^{j (k_{3} - k_{2}) d}|

(12)

M = 20 \log_{10} |1 + r_{1} r_{2} e^{2 j k_{2} d}|

(13)

The propagation constant

γ

is given as

[25, 26]

γ^{2} = jωμ (σ + jωϵ)

(14)

The attenuation constant

\propto (Np / m)

is given as

\propto = ω \sqrt{\frac{ωϵ}{2} [\sqrt{1 + {[\frac{σ}{ωϵ}]}^{2}}] - 1}

(15)

Skin depth

(δ)

is given

[27]

δ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{πfμσ}} = \frac{1}{α}

(16)

The total conductivity

σ_{t}

of RAM is given as

σ_{t} = σ_{AC} + σ_{DC} S m^{- 1}

(17)

σ_{AC}

is the AC electrical conductivity

σ_{ac} = ω ϵ_{r}^{''} ϵ_{o}

σ_{DC}

is the DC electrical conductivity

σ_{dc} = \frac{ϵ_{r}^{''} (ω ϵ_{o} - 1)}{ω ϵ_{r}^{'}}

, when

{SE}_{t} > 9 dB

{SE}_{M}

can be neglected

[28-30]

. Good EMI absorption is achieved by impedance matching

[31]

. High absorbing shield is attractive because it decreases EM pollution

[32-39]

4. Results

A survey is performed among a plethora of published references, among them references

[22]	H. Wang, D. Zhu, W. Zhou, and F. Luo, Temperature dependence of the electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of polyimide/Ti3SiC2 composites in the X band, RSC Advances 2015, Issue 105, Page 85983 to 86848.
[37]	W. Wiatr, R. Frender, and M. Żebrowski, CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROWAVE ABSORBING MATERIALS USING A WIDEBAND T/R MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE, MIKON 2008 - 17th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications.
[38]	L. Sun, H. Cheng, Y. Zhou, and Jun Wang, Design of a Lightweight Magnetic Radar Absorber Embedded with Resistive FSS, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 11, 2012.
[40]	Yuzcelik, Cihangir Kemal, Radar absorbing material design, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun, http://www.nps.edu/library View Article
[41]	R. G. Geyer, Dielectric Characterization and Reference Materials, NIST Technical Note 1338.
[42]	] P. Zhou, L. Huang, J. Xie, D. Liang, H. Lu, and L. Deng, A Study on the Effective Permittivity of Carbon/PI Honeycomb Composites for Radar Absorbing Design, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 60, NO. 8, AUGUST 2012.
[43]	D. Vladimirov. E. Khandogina, L. Gazian, V. Larin, AMORPHOUS MICROWIRE - UNIQUE MATERIAL FOR MODERN MICROWAVE ABSORBERS, International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques, 9-12 September, 2003, Sevastopol, Ukraine pp. 682-683.
[44]	K. Chao, Y. Liu, and R. Yang, Application of The Microgenetic Algorithm to The Optimization of Multilayered ZnO Whisker Radar Absorbing Coating, 7th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory, Guilin, China, 26-29 Oct. 2006.
[45]	N. Vohra and M. El-Shenawee, K- and W-Band Free-Space Characterizations of Highly Conductive Radar Absorbing Materials, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 70, 2021.
[46]	A. Toktas, D. Ustun, and M. Tekbas, Multi-Objective Design of Multi-Layer Radar Absorber Using Surrogate-Based Optimization, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 67, NO. 8, AUGUST 2019.
[47]	Y. Zhao, J. Liu, Z. Song, and X. Xi, Novel Closed-Form Expressions for Effective Electromagnetic Parameters of Honeycomb Radar-Absorbing Structure, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 64, NO. 5, MAY 2016.
[48]	Q. Yu, Y. Zeng, and G. Ma, A radar-infrared compatible broadband absorbing surface, Design and analysis, Chin. Phys. B Vol. 30, No. 7 (2021) 078402.

[22, 37, 38, 40-48]

are selected to configure RAM of good contrasted

ϵ_{r}

and

μ_{r}

combinations.

Relatively high

ϵ_{r}

values are fed to algorithm, as this is essential for enhancing absorption

[49]

, so the algorithm varies

|ε_{r}|

from 1 to 20 with

δ_{e} = π / 9 radians

, with

(μ_{r} = 1 + j 0)

. Figures 2 and 3 gives

ε_{r}^{'}

and

ε_{r}^{''}

versus

R_{dB} (d = 2 mm)

. minimum

R

occurs at 10 GHz, (Figures 2 and 3). Figure 4 and 5 shows complex

ϵ_{r}

versus

R_{dB} (d = 0.5 mm)

. Minimum

R

is shifted to 40 GHz, the reason is that

d = 0.5 mm

, which accepts only

δ

at 40 GHz (Figures 4 and 5).

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 2.

{ϵ^{'}}_{r}

versus

R_{dB}

Figure 6 depicts

α (dB / m)

, it shows that

α

increases with high magnetic loss (

[43]

), high electric loss (

[42]

), but with less sensitivity for moderate values of both electric and magnetic loss RAM (

[44]

). Figure 7 displays EMISE components

{SE}_{total}, {SE}_{A} {, SE}_{R}, {SE}_{M}

, it is clear that

M

and

R

are insignificant if

{SE}_{total}

exceeds 9 dB, the major contribution is due to

A

. Figure 8 shows SE for stepped

ϵ_{r}^{s h ied} = μ_{r}^{s h ied} = 10 m + j 10 m, step m = 1 to 5

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 3.

{ϵ^{''}}_{r}

versus

R_{dB}

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 4.

{ϵ^{'}}_{r}

versus

R_{dB}

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 5.

{ϵ^{''}}_{r}

versus

R_{dB}

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 6.

α dB / m

(dielectric properties of

[42, 43]

, and

[44]

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 7. EMI SE components.

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 8.

SE 1 to SE 5 \approx A 1 to A 5 corosponds to ϵ_{r}^{s h ied} = μ_{r}^{s h ied} = 10 m + j 10 m, step m = 1 to 5 .

5. Conclusion

RAM reflectivity and EMISE are investigated. Study of one and two dielectric layers indicates that when material has high permeability and low electrical conductivity most waves are reflected from inside interfaces,

{SE}_{R}

for lower frequencies is greater than higher frequencies and it decreases with frequency increase.

{SE}_{A}

increases with frequency increase, that is why high conductivity, high permeability, and increasing thickness

d / δ > 1

are necessary to configure good absorbent. The absorption loss is proportional to the thickness of the shield and increases with increasing frequency, unlike reflection where the loss decreases with increasing frequency.

Abbreviations

RAM	Radar Absorbing Material
R	Reflectivity
f	Frequency
EMISE	Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness
R	Reflection Loss
A	Absorption Loss
M	Internal Loss
α	Attenuation
RCS	Radar Cross Section
PEC	Perfect Electric Conductor
δₑ	Electric Loss Angle

Author Contributions

Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam: Data curation

Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam: Conceptualization

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Sallam, T. A., Sallam, A. R. M. (2026). On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 14(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

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Sallam, T. A.; Sallam, A. R. M. On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2026, 14(1), 17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

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Sallam TA, Sallam ARM. On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2026;14(1):17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12,
  author = {Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam and Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam},
  title = {On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness},
  journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20261401.12},
  abstract = {The goal of this work is to examine radar absorbing material (RAM); which -in the simplest case- is composed of a single metal-packed coating layer, reflectivity (R) through a frequency (f) range from 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz; this range covers applications of long-range radar, missile detection, surface target tracking, and airborne precision ground radars. Variation of nonmagnetic, homogeneous, and non-dispersive RAM R is reformed to facilitate calculations. Effect of dielectric parameters; permittivity and permeability (ϵ and μ) on R for one layer-metal-packed RAM with two different thicknesses (they influence the electromagnetic wave absorption due to attenuation and matching models) are given. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) which characterises the behaviour of a material depends on material conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (ϵ_r) and relative permeability (μ_r). reflection loss (R), absorption loss (A), and internal loss (M) for one and two layers located between two semi-infinite free space media are derived. Attenuation (α) variations with f, ϵ, μ, and layer thickness for single and double layers are examined. Results indicate that most waves are reflected from inside interfaces of RAM also high conductivity, high permeability, and increasing thickness are necessary to configure good absorbent. Calculations and graphs are carried on using MATLAB R2013a.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness
AU  - Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam
AU  - Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam
Y1  - 2026/11/11
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
SP  - 17
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-5984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
AB  - The goal of this work is to examine radar absorbing material (RAM); which -in the simplest case- is composed of a single metal-packed coating layer, reflectivity (R) through a frequency (f) range from 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz; this range covers applications of long-range radar, missile detection, surface target tracking, and airborne precision ground radars. Variation of nonmagnetic, homogeneous, and non-dispersive RAM R is reformed to facilitate calculations. Effect of dielectric parameters; permittivity and permeability (ϵ and μ) on R for one layer-metal-packed RAM with two different thicknesses (they influence the electromagnetic wave absorption due to attenuation and matching models) are given. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) which characterises the behaviour of a material depends on material conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (ϵ_r) and relative permeability (μ_r). reflection loss (R), absorption loss (A), and internal loss (M) for one and two layers located between two semi-infinite free space media are derived. Attenuation (α) variations with f, ϵ, μ, and layer thickness for single and double layers are examined. Results indicate that most waves are reflected from inside interfaces of RAM also high conductivity, high permeability, and increasing thickness are necessary to configure good absorbent. Calculations and graphs are carried on using MATLAB R2013a.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam

School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan, China;Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-7988
Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam

Microwave Lab., National Institute of Standards (NIS), Giza, Egypt

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-6402

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APA Style

Sallam, T. A., Sallam, A. R. M. (2026). On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 14(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

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ACS Style

Sallam, T. A.; Sallam, A. R. M. On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2026, 14(1), 17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

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AMA Style

Sallam TA, Sallam ARM. On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2026;14(1):17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12,
  author = {Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam and Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam},
  title = {On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness},
  journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20261401.12},
  abstract = {The goal of this work is to examine radar absorbing material (RAM); which -in the simplest case- is composed of a single metal-packed coating layer, reflectivity (R) through a frequency (f) range from 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz; this range covers applications of long-range radar, missile detection, surface target tracking, and airborne precision ground radars. Variation of nonmagnetic, homogeneous, and non-dispersive RAM R is reformed to facilitate calculations. Effect of dielectric parameters; permittivity and permeability (ϵ and μ) on R for one layer-metal-packed RAM with two different thicknesses (they influence the electromagnetic wave absorption due to attenuation and matching models) are given. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) which characterises the behaviour of a material depends on material conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (ϵ_r) and relative permeability (μ_r). reflection loss (R), absorption loss (A), and internal loss (M) for one and two layers located between two semi-infinite free space media are derived. Attenuation (α) variations with f, ϵ, μ, and layer thickness for single and double layers are examined. Results indicate that most waves are reflected from inside interfaces of RAM also high conductivity, high permeability, and increasing thickness are necessary to configure good absorbent. Calculations and graphs are carried on using MATLAB R2013a.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness
AU  - Tarek Abdulrahman Sallam
AU  - Abdel Rahman Mohammad Sallam
Y1  - 2026/11/11
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
SP  - 17
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-5984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20261401.12
AB  - The goal of this work is to examine radar absorbing material (RAM); which -in the simplest case- is composed of a single metal-packed coating layer, reflectivity (R) through a frequency (f) range from 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz; this range covers applications of long-range radar, missile detection, surface target tracking, and airborne precision ground radars. Variation of nonmagnetic, homogeneous, and non-dispersive RAM R is reformed to facilitate calculations. Effect of dielectric parameters; permittivity and permeability (ϵ and μ) on R for one layer-metal-packed RAM with two different thicknesses (they influence the electromagnetic wave absorption due to attenuation and matching models) are given. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) which characterises the behaviour of a material depends on material conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (ϵ_r) and relative permeability (μ_r). reflection loss (R), absorption loss (A), and internal loss (M) for one and two layers located between two semi-infinite free space media are derived. Attenuation (α) variations with f, ϵ, μ, and layer thickness for single and double layers are examined. Results indicate that most waves are reflected from inside interfaces of RAM also high conductivity, high permeability, and increasing thickness are necessary to configure good absorbent. Calculations and graphs are carried on using MATLAB R2013a.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  -

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