Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique

Richa; Manoj Kumari; Rajive Kumar; Manoj Kumar Tiwari

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique

Richa

, Manoj Kumari

, Rajive Kumar^*

, Manoj Kumar Tiwari

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 12, Issue 5)

Received: 9 November 2024 Accepted: 20 November 2024 Published: 3 December 2024

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Abstract

Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique using synchrotron radiation has been employed for elemental analysis of one pound and five rupees coins of two different countries- the UK and India. Total number of 12 coins - 4 one pound and 8 five rupees coin were analysed. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. The investigations were carried out to determine the similarities between the elemental composition and structure of coins. The major elements Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr and traces of two elements Mn and Mo were found during analysis. One of the elements i.e. Cu was found as primary major element in most of the coins. Two other elements Fe and Cr are also found as major element in 2 five rupees coins. Fe was generally considered as cheap metal composition in comparison to Cu. Besides these traces of Mo, S, Ca and Si were also observed whose compositional amount found very low (below 1%). The present study confirms the favorable economic conditions of two countries during their minting time. The XRF spectra and graphical representation of elemental concentration also helps to identify the similarities in structure and composition of coins. Results of present analysis of different types of coins are found in good agreement with standard composition and also with each other. The EDXRF analysis shows its effectiveness in forensic science without alteration of precious samples. Forensic analysis of such coins using Synchrotron radiation is very helpful in archeological study.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 12, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12
Page(s)	104-111
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

EDXRF, Si(Li) Detector, Synchrotron Radiation, Coins, Elemental Analysis, Forensic Science

References

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[2]	M. Hajivaliei, F khademi Nadooshan. Compositional study of Parthian silver coins using PIXE technique. Nuclear Instrument and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2012, 289: 56-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.039
[3]	M. Hajivaliei, Y. Mohammadifar, K. Ghiyasi, B. Jaleh, M. Lamehi-Rachti, P. Oliaiy. Application of PIXE to study ancient Iranian silver coins. Nuclear Instrument and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2008, 266(8): 1578-1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.12.101
[4]	P. M. Khak, M. K. Kouhpar, M. Hajivaliei, F. Khademi. Elemental analyses on Ilkhanid period coins by PIXE: A case study on king Ghazan silver coins. Meditterranean, Archaeology and Archalometry. 2013, 13(2): 83-88.
[5]	B. Constantinescu, R. Bugoi, E. Oberlander-Tarnoveanu, K. Parvan. Medieval Silver Coins Analyses by Pixe and ED-XRF Techniques. Romanian Journal of Physics. 2009, 54(5-6): 481-490.
[6]	V. Vijayan, T. R. Rautray, D. K. Basa. EDXRF study of Indian punch-marked silver coins. Nuclear Instrument and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms; 2004, 225(3): 353-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.05.039
[7]	S. Santra, D. Mitra, M. Sarkar, D, Bhattacharya, A. Denker, J. Opitz-Coutureau and J. Rrauschenberg. Analysis of some coins by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and high energy particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) techniques. Nuclear Instrument and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2005, 229(3-4): 465-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.12.125
[8]	T. R. Rautray, V. Vijayan, P. K. Nayak, S. Jena. Analysis Of Copper Coins By EDXRF Technique. International Journal of PIXE. 2004, 14(3,4): 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083504000197
[9]	B. B. Tripathy, T. R. Rautray, Satya R. Das, Manas R. Das, V. Vijayan. Analysis of Indian Silver Coins By EDXRF Technique, International Journal of PIXE. 2009, 19(3,4): 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083509001850
[10]	P. K. Nayak, T. R. Rautray, V. Vijayan, EDXRF: A non-destructive technique for multi-elemental analysis of coins. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics. 2004, 42(3) 19-322.
[11]	S. A. Abd El Aal, W. A. Ghaly, H. T. Mohsen, A. El Falaky and A. I. Helal. X-ray Fluorescence of Some Egyptian Coins. International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics. 2012, 8(2): 69-78.
[12]	A. C. Mandal, S. Santra, D. Mitra, M. Sarkar, D. Bhattacharya and S. B. Majumder. Numismatic Study of Malhar Coins by the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Technique. Indian Journal of History of Science. 2004, 38(4): 351-366.
[13]	R. Kumar, A. Rani and R. M. Singh. Elemental analysis of one rupee Indian coins by using EDXRF technique. Journal of Integrated Science and Technology. 2014, 2(1) 1-4. https://www.pubs.iscience.in/journal/index.php/jist/article/view/24
[14]	Carlomagno, P. Zeller, M. Amati, G. Aquilanti, E. Prenesti, G. Marussi, M. Crosera & G. Adami. Combining synchrotron radiation techniques for the analysis of gold coins from the Roman Empire. Scientific Reports. 2022, 12, 15919, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19682-8
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[16]	The Royal Mint Limited.Coin Release & Specification. [Internet]Available from: https://www.royalmint.com/discover/uk-coins/coin-design-and-specifications/one-pound-coin/ [On September 20, 2024]
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APA Style

Richa, Kumari, M., Kumar, R., Tiwari, M. K. (2024). Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 12(5), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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ACS Style

Richa; Kumari, M.; Kumar, R.; Tiwari, M. K. Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2024, 12(5), 104-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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AMA Style

Richa, Kumari M, Kumar R, Tiwari MK. Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique. Am J Phys Appl. 2024;12(5):104-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12,
  author = {Richa and Manoj Kumari and Rajive Kumar and Manoj Kumar Tiwari},
  title = {Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique
},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {104-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20241205.12},
  abstract = {Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique using synchrotron radiation has been employed for elemental analysis of one pound and five rupees coins of two different countries- the UK and India. Total number of 12 coins - 4 one pound and 8 five rupees coin were analysed. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. The investigations were carried out to determine the similarities between the elemental composition and structure of coins. The major elements Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr and traces of two elements Mn and Mo were found during analysis. One of the elements i.e. Cu was found as primary major element in most of the coins. Two other elements Fe and Cr are also found as major element in 2 five rupees coins. Fe was generally considered as cheap metal composition in comparison to Cu. Besides these traces of Mo, S, Ca and Si were also observed whose compositional amount found very low (below 1%). The present study confirms the favorable economic conditions of two countries during their minting time. The XRF spectra and graphical representation of elemental concentration also helps to identify the similarities in structure and composition of coins. Results of present analysis of different types of coins are found in good agreement with standard composition and also with each other. The EDXRF analysis shows its effectiveness in forensic science without alteration of precious samples. Forensic analysis of such coins using Synchrotron radiation is very helpful in archeological study.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique

AU - Richa
AU - Manoj Kumari
AU - Rajive Kumar
AU - Manoj Kumar Tiwari
Y1 - 2024/12/03
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12
T2 - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP - 104
EP - 111
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-4308
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12
AB - Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique using synchrotron radiation has been employed for elemental analysis of one pound and five rupees coins of two different countries- the UK and India. Total number of 12 coins - 4 one pound and 8 five rupees coin were analysed. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. The investigations were carried out to determine the similarities between the elemental composition and structure of coins. The major elements Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr and traces of two elements Mn and Mo were found during analysis. One of the elements i.e. Cu was found as primary major element in most of the coins. Two other elements Fe and Cr are also found as major element in 2 five rupees coins. Fe was generally considered as cheap metal composition in comparison to Cu. Besides these traces of Mo, S, Ca and Si were also observed whose compositional amount found very low (below 1%). The present study confirms the favorable economic conditions of two countries during their minting time. The XRF spectra and graphical representation of elemental concentration also helps to identify the similarities in structure and composition of coins. Results of present analysis of different types of coins are found in good agreement with standard composition and also with each other. The EDXRF analysis shows its effectiveness in forensic science without alteration of precious samples. Forensic analysis of such coins using Synchrotron radiation is very helpful in archeological study.

VL - 12
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Richa

Department of Physics, NIILM University, Kaithal, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-5548-3797
Manoj Kumari

Department of Physics, NIILM University, Kaithal, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1351-7195
Rajive Kumar

Department of Physics, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8125-4515
Manoj Kumar Tiwari

X-ray Optics Section, Indus Synchrotron Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-1423

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APA Style

Richa, Kumari, M., Kumar, R., Tiwari, M. K. (2024). Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 12(5), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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ACS Style

Richa; Kumari, M.; Kumar, R.; Tiwari, M. K. Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2024, 12(5), 104-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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AMA Style

Richa, Kumari M, Kumar R, Tiwari MK. Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique. Am J Phys Appl. 2024;12(5):104-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12,
  author = {Richa and Manoj Kumari and Rajive Kumar and Manoj Kumar Tiwari},
  title = {Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique
},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {104-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20241205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20241205.12},
  abstract = {Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique using synchrotron radiation has been employed for elemental analysis of one pound and five rupees coins of two different countries- the UK and India. Total number of 12 coins - 4 one pound and 8 five rupees coin were analysed. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. The investigations were carried out to determine the similarities between the elemental composition and structure of coins. The major elements Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr and traces of two elements Mn and Mo were found during analysis. One of the elements i.e. Cu was found as primary major element in most of the coins. Two other elements Fe and Cr are also found as major element in 2 five rupees coins. Fe was generally considered as cheap metal composition in comparison to Cu. Besides these traces of Mo, S, Ca and Si were also observed whose compositional amount found very low (below 1%). The present study confirms the favorable economic conditions of two countries during their minting time. The XRF spectra and graphical representation of elemental concentration also helps to identify the similarities in structure and composition of coins. Results of present analysis of different types of coins are found in good agreement with standard composition and also with each other. The EDXRF analysis shows its effectiveness in forensic science without alteration of precious samples. Forensic analysis of such coins using Synchrotron radiation is very helpful in archeological study.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Forensic Elemental Analysis of Five Rupee and One Pound Coin with EDXRF Technique

VL - 12
IS - 5
ER -

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