Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans

Anastassios Philippou; Maria Maridaki; Constantinos Psarros; Michael Koutsilieris

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans

Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 11 October 2017 Accepted: 26 October 2017 Published: 16 March 2018

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Abstract

Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Circulating levels of IL-1a remained unaltered and TGF-β1 increased slightly over time, while IL-2 showed a moderate increase 48 hrs following eccentric exercise (p>0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
Page(s)	32-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, Muscle Damage, TGF-β1, TNF-α

References

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APA Style

Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris. (2018). Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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ACS Style

Anastassios Philippou; Maria Maridaki; Constantinos Psarros; Michael Koutsilieris. Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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AMA Style

Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris. Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11,
  author = {Anastassios Philippou and Maria Maridaki and Constantinos Psarros and Michael Koutsilieris},
  title = {Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180602.11},
  abstract = {Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans
AU  - Anastassios Philippou
AU  - Maria Maridaki
AU  - Constantinos Psarros
AU  - Michael Koutsilieris
Y1  - 2018/03/16
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 32
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
AB  - Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Anastassios Philippou

Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Maria Maridaki

Department of Sports Medicine & Biology of Physical Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Constantinos Psarros

Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Michael Koutsilieris

Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris. (2018). Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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ACS Style

Anastassios Philippou; Maria Maridaki; Constantinos Psarros; Michael Koutsilieris. Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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AMA Style

Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris. Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11,
  author = {Anastassios Philippou and Maria Maridaki and Constantinos Psarros and Michael Koutsilieris},
  title = {Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180602.11},
  abstract = {Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans
AU  - Anastassios Philippou
AU  - Maria Maridaki
AU  - Constantinos Psarros
AU  - Michael Koutsilieris
Y1  - 2018/03/16
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 32
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
AB  - Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download