The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running

Shariman Ismadi Ismail; Hiroyuki Nunome; Fatin Farhana Marzuki; Izzat Su’aidi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

| Peer-Reviewed

The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running

Shariman Ismadi Ismail, Hiroyuki Nunome, Fatin Farhana Marzuki, Izzat Su’aidi

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 2 April 2018 Accepted: 20 April 2018 Published: 15 May 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This study compares the vertical ground reaction force exerted from walking and running movement on two different surfaces of a force platform. Five skilled male futsal players were recruited to perform the walking and running tasks over the force platform. In the first setting, the players moved directly in contact with the force platform’s bare surface while in the second setting, the players performed the same tasks on the force platform covered with a typical futsal pitch surface material. The force from the peak heel and peak forefoot strikes were recorded and used for further analysis. A paired t-test was conducted for comparison and the results indicated that there are no significant differences between the two force platform conditions in terms of the magnitude of peak heel strike and peak forefoot strike forces during walking and running. Results also showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) on the ratio of the heel and forefoot strike peak force during walking task (1.05 in force platform bare surface, 0.99 in force platform + futsal court surface). While the data obtained in this study suggests that an additional surface on the force plate has no significant effect on the magnitudes of vertical ground reaction force data, there were indeed some changes that occurred on the heel/forefoot strike force ratio in walking task. The result might suggest that an additional surface (futsal court material) on the force platform has some impacts on the movement pattern of the foot during walking task due to the different conditions of the shoe’s outsole-flooring surface interaction.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
Page(s)	78-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Force Plate, Ground Reaction Force, Futsal Court, Movement Pattern

References

[1]	Lorini, G., Bossi, D., Specchia, N., 1992. The concept of movement prior to Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, 23.
[2]	Andriacchi, T. P. and Alexander, E. J. (2000). Studies of human locomotion: past, present and future. Journal of Biomechanics, 33, pp. 1217-1224.
[3]	Grillner, S., Halbertsma, J., Nilsson, J. and Thorstensson, A. (1979). The adaptation to speed in human locomotion. Brain Res 165, 177-182.
[4]	Thorstensson, A., Carlson, H., Zomlefer, M. R. and Nilsson, J. (1982). Lumbar back muscle activity in relation to trunk movements during locomotion in man. Acta Physiol Scand 131, 211-214.
[5]	Thorstensson, A., Nilsson, J., Carlson, H. and Zoomlefer, M. (1984). Trunk movements in human locomotion. Acta Ph, ysiol Scand 121, 9-22.
[6]	Nilsson, J., Thorstensson, A. and Halbertsma, J. (1985a). Changes in leg movements and muscle activity with speed of locomotion and mode of progression in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 123, 457-475.
[7]	Ferris, D. P., Louie, M. and Farley, C. T. (1998) Running in the real world: adjusting leg stiffness for different surfaces. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 265:989–994.
[8]	Cross, R. (1998). Standing, walking, running and jumping on a force plate. American Association of Physics Teachers, Vol. 67, No. 4.
[9]	Kirtley, C. The origin of ground reaction forces, [On-line]. Clinical Gait Analysis. Available: www.clinicalgaitanalysis.com (Accessed on August 31, 2017).
[10]	Logan, S., Hunter, I., Hopkins, J. T., Feland, J. B. and Parcell, A. C. (2010). Ground reaction force differences between running shoes, racing flats, and distance spikes in runners. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9: 147–153.
[11]	James, S. J., Bates, B. T. and Osternig, L. R. (1978) Injuries to runners. Am. J. Sports Med. 6, 40-50.
[12]	Clement. D. B., Taunton. J. E., Smart, G. W. and Nicol. K. L. (1981) A survey of ovcrusc running injuries. Phys. Sports- med. 9(5), 47-58.
[13]	Bates, B. T., Osternig, L. R., Sawhill, J. A., and Hamill, J. (1983). Identification of critical variables describing ground reaction forces during running. In: H. Matsui and K. Kobayashi (eds.), Biomechanics VIII B, International Series on Biomechanics. Champaign, IL: Human kinetics Publishers, 4B, 635–640.
[14]	Mullineaux, D. R., Milner, C. E., Davis, I. S., and Hamill, J. (2006). Normalization of ground reaction forces. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 22, 230–233.
[15]	J. W. Wannop, J. T. Worobets, D. J. Stefanyshyn. Normalization of ground reaction forces, joint moments and free moments in human locomotion. J Appl Biomech, 28 (2012), pp. 665-676.
[16]	Worsfold P., Smith N., Dyson R. (2007) A comparison of golf shoe designs highlights greater ground reaction forces with shorter irons. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6, 484-489.
[17]	Ura D, Conway J, Booth J, Carré M. Tennis shoe outsole temperature changes during hard court sliding and their effects on friction behaviour. Proc Eng. 2015; 112: p. 290-295.
[18]	Vieira, M. F., Sacco Ide, C., Nora, F. G., Rosenbaum, D. and Lobo da Costa, P. H. (2015). Footwear and foam surface alter gait initiation of typical subjects. PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0135821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135821
[19]	McGhie, D., and Ettema, G. (2013). Biomechanical analysis of traction at the shoe–surface interface on third-generation artificial turf. Sports Engineering 16(2), 71–80.
[20]	Dolenec, A., Štirn, I., and Strojnik, V. (2015). Activation pattern of lower leg muscles in running on asphalt, gravel and grass. Collegium Antropologicum, 39(Suppl 1), 167–172.
[21]	SI Ismail, H Nunome, FF Marzuki, I Su’aidi. (2018). Measurement of Interaction between Futsal Footwear and Futsal Pitch Surface under Different Outsole Condition. Proceedings 2018, 2(6), 233; doi:10.3390/proceedings2060233
[22]	Diogo C. F. Silva, Rubim Santos, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Rui Macedo, António Mesquita Montes, and Andreia S. P. Sousa, “Influence of Cleats-Surface Interaction on the Performance and Risk of Injury in Soccer: A Systematic Review,” Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, vol. 2017, Article ID 1305479, 15 pages, 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/1305479
[23]	Thomson, A., Rod Whiteley, R., & Bleakley, C. (2015). Higher shoe-surface interaction is associated with doubling of lower extremity injury risk in football codes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49, 1245–1252.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Shariman Ismadi Ismail, Hiroyuki Nunome, Fatin Farhana Marzuki, Izzat Su’aidi. (2018). The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(3), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Shariman Ismadi Ismail; Hiroyuki Nunome; Fatin Farhana Marzuki; Izzat Su’aidi. The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(3), 78-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Shariman Ismadi Ismail, Hiroyuki Nunome, Fatin Farhana Marzuki, Izzat Su’aidi. The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(3):78-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12,
  author = {Shariman Ismadi Ismail and Hiroyuki Nunome and Fatin Farhana Marzuki and Izzat Su’aidi},
  title = {The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180603.12},
  abstract = {This study compares the vertical ground reaction force exerted from walking and running movement on two different surfaces of a force platform. Five skilled male futsal players were recruited to perform the walking and running tasks over the force platform. In the first setting, the players moved directly in contact with the force platform’s bare surface while in the second setting, the players performed the same tasks on the force platform covered with a typical futsal pitch surface material. The force from the peak heel and peak forefoot strikes were recorded and used for further analysis. A paired t-test was conducted for comparison and the results indicated that there are no significant differences between the two force platform conditions in terms of the magnitude of peak heel strike and peak forefoot strike forces during walking and running. Results also showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) on the ratio of the heel and forefoot strike peak force during walking task (1.05 in force platform bare surface, 0.99 in force platform + futsal court surface). While the data obtained in this study suggests that an additional surface on the force plate has no significant effect on the magnitudes of vertical ground reaction force data, there were indeed some changes that occurred on the heel/forefoot strike force ratio in walking task. The result might suggest that an additional surface (futsal court material) on the force platform has some impacts on the movement pattern of the foot during walking task due to the different conditions of the shoe’s outsole-flooring surface interaction.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running
AU  - Shariman Ismadi Ismail
AU  - Hiroyuki Nunome
AU  - Fatin Farhana Marzuki
AU  - Izzat Su’aidi
Y1  - 2018/05/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 78
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
AB  - This study compares the vertical ground reaction force exerted from walking and running movement on two different surfaces of a force platform. Five skilled male futsal players were recruited to perform the walking and running tasks over the force platform. In the first setting, the players moved directly in contact with the force platform’s bare surface while in the second setting, the players performed the same tasks on the force platform covered with a typical futsal pitch surface material. The force from the peak heel and peak forefoot strikes were recorded and used for further analysis. A paired t-test was conducted for comparison and the results indicated that there are no significant differences between the two force platform conditions in terms of the magnitude of peak heel strike and peak forefoot strike forces during walking and running. Results also showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) on the ratio of the heel and forefoot strike peak force during walking task (1.05 in force platform bare surface, 0.99 in force platform + futsal court surface). While the data obtained in this study suggests that an additional surface on the force plate has no significant effect on the magnitudes of vertical ground reaction force data, there were indeed some changes that occurred on the heel/forefoot strike force ratio in walking task. The result might suggest that an additional surface (futsal court material) on the force platform has some impacts on the movement pattern of the foot during walking task due to the different conditions of the shoe’s outsole-flooring surface interaction.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Shariman Ismadi Ismail

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Hiroyuki Nunome

Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Fatin Farhana Marzuki

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Izzat Su’aidi

Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Shariman Ismadi Ismail, Hiroyuki Nunome, Fatin Farhana Marzuki, Izzat Su’aidi. (2018). The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(3), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Shariman Ismadi Ismail; Hiroyuki Nunome; Fatin Farhana Marzuki; Izzat Su’aidi. The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(3), 78-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Shariman Ismadi Ismail, Hiroyuki Nunome, Fatin Farhana Marzuki, Izzat Su’aidi. The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(3):78-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12,
  author = {Shariman Ismadi Ismail and Hiroyuki Nunome and Fatin Farhana Marzuki and Izzat Su’aidi},
  title = {The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180603.12},
  abstract = {This study compares the vertical ground reaction force exerted from walking and running movement on two different surfaces of a force platform. Five skilled male futsal players were recruited to perform the walking and running tasks over the force platform. In the first setting, the players moved directly in contact with the force platform’s bare surface while in the second setting, the players performed the same tasks on the force platform covered with a typical futsal pitch surface material. The force from the peak heel and peak forefoot strikes were recorded and used for further analysis. A paired t-test was conducted for comparison and the results indicated that there are no significant differences between the two force platform conditions in terms of the magnitude of peak heel strike and peak forefoot strike forces during walking and running. Results also showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) on the ratio of the heel and forefoot strike peak force during walking task (1.05 in force platform bare surface, 0.99 in force platform + futsal court surface). While the data obtained in this study suggests that an additional surface on the force plate has no significant effect on the magnitudes of vertical ground reaction force data, there were indeed some changes that occurred on the heel/forefoot strike force ratio in walking task. The result might suggest that an additional surface (futsal court material) on the force platform has some impacts on the movement pattern of the foot during walking task due to the different conditions of the shoe’s outsole-flooring surface interaction.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running
AU  - Shariman Ismadi Ismail
AU  - Hiroyuki Nunome
AU  - Fatin Farhana Marzuki
AU  - Izzat Su’aidi
Y1  - 2018/05/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 78
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.12
AB  - This study compares the vertical ground reaction force exerted from walking and running movement on two different surfaces of a force platform. Five skilled male futsal players were recruited to perform the walking and running tasks over the force platform. In the first setting, the players moved directly in contact with the force platform’s bare surface while in the second setting, the players performed the same tasks on the force platform covered with a typical futsal pitch surface material. The force from the peak heel and peak forefoot strikes were recorded and used for further analysis. A paired t-test was conducted for comparison and the results indicated that there are no significant differences between the two force platform conditions in terms of the magnitude of peak heel strike and peak forefoot strike forces during walking and running. Results also showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) on the ratio of the heel and forefoot strike peak force during walking task (1.05 in force platform bare surface, 0.99 in force platform + futsal court surface). While the data obtained in this study suggests that an additional surface on the force plate has no significant effect on the magnitudes of vertical ground reaction force data, there were indeed some changes that occurred on the heel/forefoot strike force ratio in walking task. The result might suggest that an additional surface (futsal court material) on the force platform has some impacts on the movement pattern of the foot during walking task due to the different conditions of the shoe’s outsole-flooring surface interaction.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download