Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice

Dauanda Kécia Silva; Alessandra Esteves; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Denismar Alves Nogueria; Petrus Pires Marques; Wagner Costa Rossi Junior

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice

Dauanda Kécia Silva, Alessandra Esteves, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, Petrus Pires Marques, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 8 August 2018 Accepted: 21 August 2018 Published: 11 September 2018

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Abstract

This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII- treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII- treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV- treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
Page(s)	122-129
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Steroids, Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Neuronal Density

References

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Dauanda Kécia Silva, Alessandra Esteves, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, et al. (2018). Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(3), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

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Dauanda Kécia Silva; Alessandra Esteves; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Denismar Alves Nogueria, et al. Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(3), 122-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

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AMA Style

Dauanda Kécia Silva, Alessandra Esteves, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, et al. Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(3):122-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18,
  author = {Dauanda Kécia Silva and Alessandra Esteves and Flávia Da Ré Guerra and Evelise Aline Soares and Denismar Alves Nogueria and Petrus Pires Marques and Wagner Costa Rossi Junior},
  title = {Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {122-129},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180603.18},
  abstract = {This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII- treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII- treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV- treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice
AU  - Dauanda Kécia Silva
AU  - Alessandra Esteves
AU  - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
AU  - Evelise Aline Soares
AU  - Denismar Alves Nogueria
AU  - Petrus Pires Marques
AU  - Wagner Costa Rossi Junior
Y1  - 2018/09/11
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 122
EP  - 129
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
AB  - This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII- treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII- treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV- treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Dauanda Kécia Silva

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Alessandra Esteves

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Flávia Da Ré Guerra

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Evelise Aline Soares

Medical School, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Denismar Alves Nogueria

Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Statistics, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Petrus Pires Marques

Medical School, Department of Morphology, José Vellano University, Unifenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Wagner Costa Rossi Junior

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

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Dauanda Kécia Silva, Alessandra Esteves, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, et al. (2018). Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(3), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

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ACS Style

Dauanda Kécia Silva; Alessandra Esteves; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Denismar Alves Nogueria, et al. Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(3), 122-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

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AMA Style

Dauanda Kécia Silva, Alessandra Esteves, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, et al. Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(3):122-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18,
  author = {Dauanda Kécia Silva and Alessandra Esteves and Flávia Da Ré Guerra and Evelise Aline Soares and Denismar Alves Nogueria and Petrus Pires Marques and Wagner Costa Rossi Junior},
  title = {Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {122-129},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180603.18},
  abstract = {This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII- treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII- treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV- treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice
AU  - Dauanda Kécia Silva
AU  - Alessandra Esteves
AU  - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
AU  - Evelise Aline Soares
AU  - Denismar Alves Nogueria
AU  - Petrus Pires Marques
AU  - Wagner Costa Rossi Junior
Y1  - 2018/09/11
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 122
EP  - 129
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.18
AB  - This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII- treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII- treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV- treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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