Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine

Kavita Rajeev Hegde; Kristen Deacon

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine

Kavita Rajeev Hegde, Kristen Deacon

Published in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 5 September 2019 Accepted: 23 September 2019 Published: 12 October 2019

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Abstract

Oxyradical-induced damage to the retina has been implicated as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of vision-impairing diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is hypothesized that caffeine, a nutraceutical antioxidant, will be effective in preventing metabolic aberrations in the neural retina exposed to oxygen radicals. This hypothesis is based on our previous studies demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing oxidative damage to the lens, and in protecting the neural retina against UV-A- and peroxide-induced biochemical damage. Bovine neural retinas were incubated in medium 199 at 37°C for 6 hours. Xanthine (XA)-xanthine oxidase (XO) were used to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incubations were conducted in 3 groups- control, experimental (with XA+XO), and caffeine group (XA + XO+ 5mM caffeine). Retinas were then processed for determining protein, lactate and pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration in the controls was 2.62±0.43mM/mg protein, decreasing to 1.04±0.3 mM/mg protein in the presence of XA+XO. Its level in the caffeine group was significantly higher, 2.44±0.65 mM/mg protein, close to the controls. Pyruvate concentration in the controls was 0.16±0.05mM/mg protein, which declined significantly with XA+XO to 0.066±0.02 mM/mg protein. Such decrease was substantially prevented in the caffeine group, wherein its concentration was 0.156±0.03mM/mg protein. Caffeine was thus found to be highly effective in preventing metabolic aberrations, due to its ability to scavenge oxyradicals and thereby possibly prevent inactivation of key enzymes. Such effect of caffeine in maintaining metabolism of the neural retina exposed to ROS has been shown for the first time.

Published in	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11
Page(s)	53-58
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Caffeine, Retinal Metabolism, Lactate, Oxidative Stress

References

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[2]	Young RW (1988) Solar radiation and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 32: 252–269.
[3]	Kowluru RA, Kern TS, Engerman RL, et al (1996) Abnormalities of retinal metabolism in diabetes orexperimental galactosemia. III. Effects of antioxidants. Diabetes 45: 1233–1237.
[4]	Alvarado JA, Murphy CG, Polansky JR, et al (1981) Age-related changes in human trabecular meshwork cellularity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 21: 714–727.
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[7]	Fliesler SJ, Anderson RE (1983) Chemistry and metabolism of lipids in the vertebrate retina. In: Holman RT (ed) Progress in Lipid Research. Vol. 22. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 79–131.
[8]	Varma SD, Kovtun S, Hegde KR (2011) Role of ultraviolet irradiation and oxidative stress in cataract formation-medical prevention by nutritional antioxidants and metabolic agonists. Eye & Contact Lens 37 (4): 233-45.
[9]	Taylor A, Jacques PF, Chylack LY Jr et al (2002) Long-term intake of vitamins and carotenoids and odds of early age-related cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr 75: 540–549.
[10]	Varma SD, Morris SM (1988) Peroxide damage to the eye lens in vitro. Prevention by pyruvate. Free Rad Res Comm 4: 283–290.
[11]	Hegde KR, Kovtun S, Varma SD (2010) Inhibition of glycolysis in retina by oxidative stress. Prevention by pyruvate. Mol Cell Biochem 343: 101–105.
[12]	Poitry-Yamate CL, Poitry S, Tsacopoulos M (1995) Lactate released by Muller glial cells is metabolized by photoreceptors from mammalian retina. J Neurosci 15: 5179–5191.
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[14]	Pow DV, Crook DK (1995) Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of high levels of reduced glutathione in radial glial cells and horizontal cells in the rabbit retina. Neurosci Lett 193: 25–28.
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[16]	Hohorst, H-J (1965) L- (+) -lactate determination with lactic dehydrogenase and DPN. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press, New York, pp 266-270.
[17]	Hegde KR, Varma SD, Kovtun S (2009) Protective effect of caffeine against UVR-induced damage to neural retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50 (13): 671.
[18]	Little C, O’Brien PJ (1969) Mechanism of peroxide-inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem 10: 533–538.
[19]	Axelsson K, Mannervik B (1983) An essential role of cytosolic thioltransferase in protection of pyruvate kinase from rabbit liver against oxidative inactivation. FEBS Lett 152: 114–118.
[20]	Bringmann A, Pannicke T, Grosche J, Francke M, Wiedemann P, Skatchkov SN, Osborne NN, Reichenbach A (2006) Muller cells in the healthy and diseased retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 25: 397-424.

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Kavita Rajeev Hegde, Kristen Deacon. (2019). Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 4(4), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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Kavita Rajeev Hegde; Kristen Deacon. Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2019, 4(4), 53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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AMA Style

Kavita Rajeev Hegde, Kristen Deacon. Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine. Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;4(4):53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11,
  author = {Kavita Rajeev Hegde and Kristen Deacon},
  title = {Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine},
  journal = {Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {53-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bmb.20190404.11},
  abstract = {Oxyradical-induced damage to the retina has been implicated as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of vision-impairing diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is hypothesized that caffeine, a nutraceutical antioxidant, will be effective in preventing metabolic aberrations in the neural retina exposed to oxygen radicals. This hypothesis is based on our previous studies demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing oxidative damage to the lens, and in protecting the neural retina against UV-A- and peroxide-induced biochemical damage. Bovine neural retinas were incubated in medium 199 at 37°C for 6 hours. Xanthine (XA)-xanthine oxidase (XO) were used to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incubations were conducted in 3 groups- control, experimental (with XA+XO), and caffeine group (XA + XO+ 5mM caffeine). Retinas were then processed for determining protein, lactate and pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration in the controls was 2.62±0.43mM/mg protein, decreasing to 1.04±0.3 mM/mg protein in the presence of XA+XO. Its level in the caffeine group was significantly higher, 2.44±0.65 mM/mg protein, close to the controls. Pyruvate concentration in the controls was 0.16±0.05mM/mg protein, which declined significantly with XA+XO to 0.066±0.02 mM/mg protein. Such decrease was substantially prevented in the caffeine group, wherein its concentration was 0.156±0.03mM/mg protein. Caffeine was thus found to be highly effective in preventing metabolic aberrations, due to its ability to scavenge oxyradicals and thereby possibly prevent inactivation of key enzymes. Such effect of caffeine in maintaining metabolism of the neural retina exposed to ROS has been shown for the first time.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine
AU - Kavita Rajeev Hegde
AU - Kristen Deacon
Y1 - 2019/10/12
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11
DO - 10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11
T2 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
JF - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
JO - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
SP - 53
EP - 58
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5048
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11
AB - Oxyradical-induced damage to the retina has been implicated as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of vision-impairing diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is hypothesized that caffeine, a nutraceutical antioxidant, will be effective in preventing metabolic aberrations in the neural retina exposed to oxygen radicals. This hypothesis is based on our previous studies demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing oxidative damage to the lens, and in protecting the neural retina against UV-A- and peroxide-induced biochemical damage. Bovine neural retinas were incubated in medium 199 at 37°C for 6 hours. Xanthine (XA)-xanthine oxidase (XO) were used to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incubations were conducted in 3 groups- control, experimental (with XA+XO), and caffeine group (XA + XO+ 5mM caffeine). Retinas were then processed for determining protein, lactate and pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration in the controls was 2.62±0.43mM/mg protein, decreasing to 1.04±0.3 mM/mg protein in the presence of XA+XO. Its level in the caffeine group was significantly higher, 2.44±0.65 mM/mg protein, close to the controls. Pyruvate concentration in the controls was 0.16±0.05mM/mg protein, which declined significantly with XA+XO to 0.066±0.02 mM/mg protein. Such decrease was substantially prevented in the caffeine group, wherein its concentration was 0.156±0.03mM/mg protein. Caffeine was thus found to be highly effective in preventing metabolic aberrations, due to its ability to scavenge oxyradicals and thereby possibly prevent inactivation of key enzymes. Such effect of caffeine in maintaining metabolism of the neural retina exposed to ROS has been shown for the first time.
VL - 4
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Kavita Rajeev Hegde

Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, USA
Kristen Deacon

Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, USA

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Kavita Rajeev Hegde, Kristen Deacon. (2019). Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 4(4), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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ACS Style

Kavita Rajeev Hegde; Kristen Deacon. Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2019, 4(4), 53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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AMA Style

Kavita Rajeev Hegde, Kristen Deacon. Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine. Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;4(4):53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11,
  author = {Kavita Rajeev Hegde and Kristen Deacon},
  title = {Prevention of Oxidative Stress-induced Metabolic Aberrations in the Neural Retina by Caffeine},
  journal = {Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {53-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20190404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bmb.20190404.11},
  abstract = {Oxyradical-induced damage to the retina has been implicated as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of vision-impairing diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is hypothesized that caffeine, a nutraceutical antioxidant, will be effective in preventing metabolic aberrations in the neural retina exposed to oxygen radicals. This hypothesis is based on our previous studies demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing oxidative damage to the lens, and in protecting the neural retina against UV-A- and peroxide-induced biochemical damage. Bovine neural retinas were incubated in medium 199 at 37°C for 6 hours. Xanthine (XA)-xanthine oxidase (XO) were used to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incubations were conducted in 3 groups- control, experimental (with XA+XO), and caffeine group (XA + XO+ 5mM caffeine). Retinas were then processed for determining protein, lactate and pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration in the controls was 2.62±0.43mM/mg protein, decreasing to 1.04±0.3 mM/mg protein in the presence of XA+XO. Its level in the caffeine group was significantly higher, 2.44±0.65 mM/mg protein, close to the controls. Pyruvate concentration in the controls was 0.16±0.05mM/mg protein, which declined significantly with XA+XO to 0.066±0.02 mM/mg protein. Such decrease was substantially prevented in the caffeine group, wherein its concentration was 0.156±0.03mM/mg protein. Caffeine was thus found to be highly effective in preventing metabolic aberrations, due to its ability to scavenge oxyradicals and thereby possibly prevent inactivation of key enzymes. Such effect of caffeine in maintaining metabolism of the neural retina exposed to ROS has been shown for the first time.},
 year = {2019}
}

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