Purpose: Malaria and typhoid are among the frequently reported infections in Cameroon and are becoming a major public health concern. The genetic profile of Plasmodium falciparum and its involvement in disease severity has been reported in recent studies. In order to better understand the mechanism behind the pathology of a parasitic disease, it’s necessary to study and follow the genetic diversity within parasite population. Equally, to develop effective malaria control strategies and evaluate existing ones, it is important to determine the type of infection within a population. However, the genetic diversity of the parasite circulating in diagnosed cases of typho-malaria fever is yet unclear. We assessed the nature and extent of Plasmodium falciparum allelic diversity in the parasite population circulating in patients diagnosed with typho-malaria fever in two health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, thick/thin blood films from 178 febrile patients were examined using Microscopy for malaria diagnosis and acute sera were analysed using Widal agglutination test for typhoid fever diagnosis. The msp2 gene of Plasmodium falciparum was amplified using nested PCR and descriptive statistics was used to determine and compare the parasite population genetic diversity, allelic frequencies, and multiplicity of infection. Findings: Of the 178 febrile patients, 28.65% (51/178), 16.29% (29/178) and 13.48% (24/178) were positive for malaria, typhoid, and malaria/typhoid respectively. P. falciparum and S. typhi were the major causes of fever, with both pathogens more likely to co-exist. The geometric mean parasitaemia in typho-malaria group of patients was 33700 versus 7305.11 in patients infected only with malaria parasite (p value of <0.05) A total of 145 and 127 DNA fragments were obtained in diagnosed cases of malaria mono- and co-infections respectively, giving rise to 11 different allele subtypes. In patients with typho-malaria infection, a total of 6 different msp2 alleles were recorded with allele 621 base pairs (25.98%) as a major subtype. A genetic diversity of 22.22% was observed in co-infected patients with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3.4. Conclusion: The reported high MOI and diversity of strains of P. falciparum in typho-malaria patients is a call for concern to malaria control stakeholders in Cameroon. The overall high genetic diversity of the parasite suggests that malaria transmission within the study population is still high. This study calls for an intensification of the malaria control strategies in Cameroon.
| Published in | Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Volume 7, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15 |
| Page(s) | 47-53 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Malaria, Typhoid Fever, Co-infection, Genetic Diversity, Multiplicity of Infection
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APA Style
Palmer Masumbe Netongo, MacDonald Bin Eric, Jean Paul Chedjou, Severin Donald Kamdem, Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe, et al. (2022). Malaria and Typhoid Fever Co-infection Amongst Febrile Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Implication in the Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7(2), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15
ACS Style
Palmer Masumbe Netongo; MacDonald Bin Eric; Jean Paul Chedjou; Severin Donald Kamdem; Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe, et al. Malaria and Typhoid Fever Co-infection Amongst Febrile Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Implication in the Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2022, 7(2), 47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15
AMA Style
Palmer Masumbe Netongo, MacDonald Bin Eric, Jean Paul Chedjou, Severin Donald Kamdem, Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe, et al. Malaria and Typhoid Fever Co-infection Amongst Febrile Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Implication in the Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem Mol Biol. 2022;7(2):47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15
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author = {Palmer Masumbe Netongo and MacDonald Bin Eric and Jean Paul Chedjou and Severin Donald Kamdem and Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe and Wilfred Fon Mbacham},
title = {Malaria and Typhoid Fever Co-infection Amongst Febrile Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Implication in the Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum},
journal = {Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {47-53},
doi = {10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bmb.20220702.15},
abstract = {Purpose: Malaria and typhoid are among the frequently reported infections in Cameroon and are becoming a major public health concern. The genetic profile of Plasmodium falciparum and its involvement in disease severity has been reported in recent studies. In order to better understand the mechanism behind the pathology of a parasitic disease, it’s necessary to study and follow the genetic diversity within parasite population. Equally, to develop effective malaria control strategies and evaluate existing ones, it is important to determine the type of infection within a population. However, the genetic diversity of the parasite circulating in diagnosed cases of typho-malaria fever is yet unclear. We assessed the nature and extent of Plasmodium falciparum allelic diversity in the parasite population circulating in patients diagnosed with typho-malaria fever in two health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, thick/thin blood films from 178 febrile patients were examined using Microscopy for malaria diagnosis and acute sera were analysed using Widal agglutination test for typhoid fever diagnosis. The msp2 gene of Plasmodium falciparum was amplified using nested PCR and descriptive statistics was used to determine and compare the parasite population genetic diversity, allelic frequencies, and multiplicity of infection. Findings: Of the 178 febrile patients, 28.65% (51/178), 16.29% (29/178) and 13.48% (24/178) were positive for malaria, typhoid, and malaria/typhoid respectively. P. falciparum and S. typhi were the major causes of fever, with both pathogens more likely to co-exist. The geometric mean parasitaemia in typho-malaria group of patients was 33700 versus 7305.11 in patients infected only with malaria parasite (p value of ) A total of 145 and 127 DNA fragments were obtained in diagnosed cases of malaria mono- and co-infections respectively, giving rise to 11 different allele subtypes. In patients with typho-malaria infection, a total of 6 different msp2 alleles were recorded with allele 621 base pairs (25.98%) as a major subtype. A genetic diversity of 22.22% was observed in co-infected patients with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3.4. Conclusion: The reported high MOI and diversity of strains of P. falciparum in typho-malaria patients is a call for concern to malaria control stakeholders in Cameroon. The overall high genetic diversity of the parasite suggests that malaria transmission within the study population is still high. This study calls for an intensification of the malaria control strategies in Cameroon.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Malaria and Typhoid Fever Co-infection Amongst Febrile Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Implication in the Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum AU - Palmer Masumbe Netongo AU - MacDonald Bin Eric AU - Jean Paul Chedjou AU - Severin Donald Kamdem AU - Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe AU - Wilfred Fon Mbacham Y1 - 2022/06/29 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15 DO - 10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15 T2 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JF - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JO - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5048 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20220702.15 AB - Purpose: Malaria and typhoid are among the frequently reported infections in Cameroon and are becoming a major public health concern. The genetic profile of Plasmodium falciparum and its involvement in disease severity has been reported in recent studies. In order to better understand the mechanism behind the pathology of a parasitic disease, it’s necessary to study and follow the genetic diversity within parasite population. Equally, to develop effective malaria control strategies and evaluate existing ones, it is important to determine the type of infection within a population. However, the genetic diversity of the parasite circulating in diagnosed cases of typho-malaria fever is yet unclear. We assessed the nature and extent of Plasmodium falciparum allelic diversity in the parasite population circulating in patients diagnosed with typho-malaria fever in two health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, thick/thin blood films from 178 febrile patients were examined using Microscopy for malaria diagnosis and acute sera were analysed using Widal agglutination test for typhoid fever diagnosis. The msp2 gene of Plasmodium falciparum was amplified using nested PCR and descriptive statistics was used to determine and compare the parasite population genetic diversity, allelic frequencies, and multiplicity of infection. Findings: Of the 178 febrile patients, 28.65% (51/178), 16.29% (29/178) and 13.48% (24/178) were positive for malaria, typhoid, and malaria/typhoid respectively. P. falciparum and S. typhi were the major causes of fever, with both pathogens more likely to co-exist. The geometric mean parasitaemia in typho-malaria group of patients was 33700 versus 7305.11 in patients infected only with malaria parasite (p value of ) A total of 145 and 127 DNA fragments were obtained in diagnosed cases of malaria mono- and co-infections respectively, giving rise to 11 different allele subtypes. In patients with typho-malaria infection, a total of 6 different msp2 alleles were recorded with allele 621 base pairs (25.98%) as a major subtype. A genetic diversity of 22.22% was observed in co-infected patients with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3.4. Conclusion: The reported high MOI and diversity of strains of P. falciparum in typho-malaria patients is a call for concern to malaria control stakeholders in Cameroon. The overall high genetic diversity of the parasite suggests that malaria transmission within the study population is still high. This study calls for an intensification of the malaria control strategies in Cameroon. VL - 7 IS - 2 ER -
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