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Etiological Aspects of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Multicentric Prospective Study of 126 Cases

Received: 21 April 2023     Accepted: 16 May 2023     Published: 29 May 2023
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Abstract

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, there are other etiologies little reported. The objective of this work was to study the socio-demographic, clinical and etiological aspects of PAD. Patients and study method: This was a multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from January 1st to October 30th, 2021, in Thies and Dakar, Senegal. Any clinically suspected PAD was confirmed by arterial Doppler ultrasound and/or CT angiography. Clinical, biological and ultrasound data were used to establish the etiology and diagnosis criteria of OLIN for the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Results: A total of 126 patients were collected, 31 (24.6%) in Thies and 95 (75.4%) in Dakar. There were 72 men (57.1%) and 54 women (42.9%), a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.3. The average age was 62.5 years 10.8 years. The majority of patients had a low socio-economic profile (52%). Etiologies were dominated by atheromatous disease (n= 120; 95.2%) and the cardiovascular risk factors were in order of frequency: physical inactivity (n=98; 77.8%), type 2 diabetes (n=78; 62%), hypertension (n= 69; 54.8%), smoking (n= 46; 36.5%) and dyslipidemia (n=29; 23%). Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) was the second etiology found in 5 patients (3.96% of cases) and concerned only men who regularly used tobacco and cannabis. One case of ANCA-associated vasculitis was also found. In addition, there was a considerable delay in diagnosis with 117 patients (92.8%) at the critical ischemia stage at the time of diagnosis and amputation of varying magnitude in 110 patients (87.3%). This delay in diagnosis was at least due to insufficient screening, limited access to arterial Doppler echo and the lack of specialized services in vascular medicine, outside the capital Dakar. Conclusion: The most common etiology of lower extremity PAD was atherosclerosis. Obliterating thromboangiitis was not uncommon. Early detection of PAD and control of risk factors for atherosclerosis must be the rule.

Published in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13
Page(s) 32-37
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

PAD, Atherosclerosis, TAO, Arterial Ultrasound, Senegal

References
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[4] Organisation mondiale de la santé. Obésité: prévention et prise en charge de l’épidémie mondiale. Rapport d’une consultation de l’OMS. Série de Rapports techniques 2003: (894).
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  • APA Style

    Affangla Désiré Alain, Sow Coumba, Akanni Stéphanie Claudia, Faye Julien, Dione Jean-Michel Amath, et al. (2023). Etiological Aspects of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Multicentric Prospective Study of 126 Cases. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 7(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13

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    ACS Style

    Affangla Désiré Alain; Sow Coumba; Akanni Stéphanie Claudia; Faye Julien; Dione Jean-Michel Amath, et al. Etiological Aspects of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Multicentric Prospective Study of 126 Cases. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2023, 7(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13

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    AMA Style

    Affangla Désiré Alain, Sow Coumba, Akanni Stéphanie Claudia, Faye Julien, Dione Jean-Michel Amath, et al. Etiological Aspects of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Multicentric Prospective Study of 126 Cases. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2023;7(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13,
      author = {Affangla Désiré Alain and Sow Coumba and Akanni Stéphanie Claudia and Faye Julien and Dione Jean-Michel Amath and Elame-Ngwa Hugues Eli and Ba Djibril Marie and Aw Fatou and Ngaide Aliou Alassane and Leye Mohamed Mamadou Cordior Ben Omar and Dieng Papa Adama},
      title = {Etiological Aspects of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Multicentric Prospective Study of 126 Cases},
      journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {32-37},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20230702.13},
      abstract = {Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, there are other etiologies little reported. The objective of this work was to study the socio-demographic, clinical and etiological aspects of PAD. Patients and study method: This was a multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from January 1st to October 30th, 2021, in Thies and Dakar, Senegal. Any clinically suspected PAD was confirmed by arterial Doppler ultrasound and/or CT angiography. Clinical, biological and ultrasound data were used to establish the etiology and diagnosis criteria of OLIN for the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Results: A total of 126 patients were collected, 31 (24.6%) in Thies and 95 (75.4%) in Dakar. There were 72 men (57.1%) and 54 women (42.9%), a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.3. The average age was 62.5 years 10.8 years. The majority of patients had a low socio-economic profile (52%). Etiologies were dominated by atheromatous disease (n= 120; 95.2%) and the cardiovascular risk factors were in order of frequency: physical inactivity (n=98; 77.8%), type 2 diabetes (n=78; 62%), hypertension (n= 69; 54.8%), smoking (n= 46; 36.5%) and dyslipidemia (n=29; 23%). Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) was the second etiology found in 5 patients (3.96% of cases) and concerned only men who regularly used tobacco and cannabis. One case of ANCA-associated vasculitis was also found. In addition, there was a considerable delay in diagnosis with 117 patients (92.8%) at the critical ischemia stage at the time of diagnosis and amputation of varying magnitude in 110 patients (87.3%). This delay in diagnosis was at least due to insufficient screening, limited access to arterial Doppler echo and the lack of specialized services in vascular medicine, outside the capital Dakar. Conclusion: The most common etiology of lower extremity PAD was atherosclerosis. Obliterating thromboangiitis was not uncommon. Early detection of PAD and control of risk factors for atherosclerosis must be the rule.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Etiological Aspects of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Multicentric Prospective Study of 126 Cases
    AU  - Affangla Désiré Alain
    AU  - Sow Coumba
    AU  - Akanni Stéphanie Claudia
    AU  - Faye Julien
    AU  - Dione Jean-Michel Amath
    AU  - Elame-Ngwa Hugues Eli
    AU  - Ba Djibril Marie
    AU  - Aw Fatou
    AU  - Ngaide Aliou Alassane
    AU  - Leye Mohamed Mamadou Cordior Ben Omar
    AU  - Dieng Papa Adama
    Y1  - 2023/05/29
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13
    T2  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
    JF  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
    JO  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
    SP  - 32
    EP  - 37
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8914
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20230702.13
    AB  - Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, there are other etiologies little reported. The objective of this work was to study the socio-demographic, clinical and etiological aspects of PAD. Patients and study method: This was a multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from January 1st to October 30th, 2021, in Thies and Dakar, Senegal. Any clinically suspected PAD was confirmed by arterial Doppler ultrasound and/or CT angiography. Clinical, biological and ultrasound data were used to establish the etiology and diagnosis criteria of OLIN for the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Results: A total of 126 patients were collected, 31 (24.6%) in Thies and 95 (75.4%) in Dakar. There were 72 men (57.1%) and 54 women (42.9%), a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.3. The average age was 62.5 years 10.8 years. The majority of patients had a low socio-economic profile (52%). Etiologies were dominated by atheromatous disease (n= 120; 95.2%) and the cardiovascular risk factors were in order of frequency: physical inactivity (n=98; 77.8%), type 2 diabetes (n=78; 62%), hypertension (n= 69; 54.8%), smoking (n= 46; 36.5%) and dyslipidemia (n=29; 23%). Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) was the second etiology found in 5 patients (3.96% of cases) and concerned only men who regularly used tobacco and cannabis. One case of ANCA-associated vasculitis was also found. In addition, there was a considerable delay in diagnosis with 117 patients (92.8%) at the critical ischemia stage at the time of diagnosis and amputation of varying magnitude in 110 patients (87.3%). This delay in diagnosis was at least due to insufficient screening, limited access to arterial Doppler echo and the lack of specialized services in vascular medicine, outside the capital Dakar. Conclusion: The most common etiology of lower extremity PAD was atherosclerosis. Obliterating thromboangiitis was not uncommon. Early detection of PAD and control of risk factors for atherosclerosis must be the rule.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

  • Medical Department, Research and Training Unit of Health Sciences, Iba Der Thiam University, Thies, Senegal

  • Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

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