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Research Article
Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Secondary School Adolescents in the City of Garoua, Cameroon
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
39-46
Received:
25 February 2025
Accepted:
8 March 2025
Published:
26 March 2025
Abstract: While traditionally considered as a period of good health, adolescence with contemporary lifestyles and environmental factors is facing an alarming rise in cardiovascular risk factors. This was a school based cross sectional study including adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old in the city of Garoua. Physical activity, smoking, overweight, obesity, elevated blood pressure, hypertension, prediabetes and diabetes were evaluated. We included 938 participants (68.8% female) with a mean age of 16 ± 2 years. The most frequent risk factor was physical inactivity (52.8%). Overweight/obesity was more frequent in private schools (ORa = 2.76 [1.80 – 4.22], p < 0.001). Prediabetes/diabetes was significantly more frequent in the [10-15[ age category, in female participants, and in private schools (ORa = 2.16 [1.53 – 3.07]; p < 0.001, ORa = 1.50 [1.01 – 2.22]; p = 0.045, and ORa = 2,56 [1.79 – 3.66]; p < 0,001 respectively). Physical inactivity was significantly more frequent in female students and in the [10-15[ age category (ORa = 2.22 [1.68 – 2.95]; p < 0.001 and ORa = 1.37 [1.04 – 1.82]; p = 0.026 respectively). Male adolescents had 7-fold higher risk of smoking. There was no significant difference in the proportions of elevated blood pressure/hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Cardiovascular risk factors are present among secondary school adolescents in the city of Garoua. Public health policies should be implemented for the prevention and early management of these risk factors.
Abstract: While traditionally considered as a period of good health, adolescence with contemporary lifestyles and environmental factors is facing an alarming rise in cardiovascular risk factors. This was a school based cross sectional study including adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old in the city of Garoua. Physical activity, smoking, overweight, obesity, e...
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Research Article
In-Hospital Mortality of Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Multicenter Study in Dakar, Senegal
Ngone Diaba Gaye*
,
Aliou Alassane Ngaide,
Pierre-Adley Ngoulla,
Joseph Mingou,
Momar Dioum,
Mouhamed Chérif Mboup,
Fatou Aw,
Alassane Mbaye,
Bamba Ndiaye,
Maboury Diaw,
Abdoul Kane
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
47-53
Received:
1 April 2025
Accepted:
1 May 2025
Published:
14 May 2025
Abstract: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) significantly contributes to cardiovascular mortality worldwide, with an increasing prevalence in Africa due to rising cardiovascular risk factors. Despite advances in reperfusion therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), many African countries, including Senegal, face substantial barriers to optimal care. This study aimed to assess in-hospital mortality among ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography in Dakar, Senegal, and to describe clinical features associated with mortality. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study involving patients hospitalized with ACS who underwent coronary angiography between January 2020 and June 2023 in three tertiary cardiology centers in Dakar. Demographic data, clinical presentation, cardiovascular risk factors, angiographic findings, and therapeutic interventions were collected. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate comparisons, with significance defined at p<0.05. Out of 2573 ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography, 30 died, resulting in an in-hospital mortality rate of 1.16%. The mean age was 61.2 ± 10.8 years, predominantly male (76.7%). Hypertension (53.3%) and sedentary lifestyle (83.3%) were common risk factors. Most patients presented with atypical chest pain (76.7%) and delayed hospital admission beyond 12 hours (43.3%). STEMI accounted for 70% of cases, with the left anterior descending artery frequently involved (80%). PCI using drug-eluting stents was performed in 56.7% of deceased patients. Cardiogenic shock was the leading complication (46.7%). In-hospital mortality following coronary angiography for ACS in urban Senegal is relatively low but delayed presentations and atypical symptoms remain significant barriers. Enhanced public awareness, reduced delays to intervention, and overcoming socioeconomic obstacles are essential to improve outcomes.
Abstract: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) significantly contributes to cardiovascular mortality worldwide, with an increasing prevalence in Africa due to rising cardiovascular risk factors. Despite advances in reperfusion therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), many African countries, including Senegal, face substantial barriers to optimal car...
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Research Article
Epidemiology, Management and Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Senegal: A Systematic Review of the Grey Literature with Meta-analysis from 1998 to 2020
Guissé Papa Momar*,
Ndao Serigne Cheikh,
Mingou Joseph Salvador,
Ndiaye Papa Nguirane,
Bassoum Oumar,
Niang Tacko,
Mboup Mouhamed Cherif,
Sarr Simon Antoine,
Ngaïdé Aliou Alassane,
Diao Maboury,
Diack Bouna,
Dioum Momar
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
54-63
Received:
20 April 2025
Accepted:
3 May 2025
Published:
18 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ccr.20250902.13
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Views:
Abstract: Introduction: The management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Senegal continues to pose challenges, despite significant progress in medical care. To comprehensively understand the current state of ACS in Senegal, a systematic review with meta-analysis was deemed essential. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ACS in Senegal and its trajectory over time. Methods: A systematic review of grey literature, encompassing theses and dissertations on ACS conducted in public hospitals in Senegal between 1990 and 2023, was undertaken. The selected studies provided valuable insights into the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, and prognostic outcomes associated with ACS. A meta-analysis of prevalence and mortality data was performed using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model, while the remaining data were synthesized descriptively. Results: The systematic review yielded 15 eligible studies from 1998 to 2020, out of an initial 101 identified documents. The overall prevalence of ACS was determined to be 9% (95% Cl: 7-11%, 12 = 96%, p < 0.01). Notably, in Dakar, the prevalence exhibited a significant increase between 1998 to 2010 and 2013 to 2020 (p < 0.01), rising from 6% (95% Cl: 4-8%, 12 = 96%, p < 0.01) to 13% (95% CI: 9-16%, 12 = 95%, p < 0.01). The proportion of patients presenting with ST-elevation ACS ranged from 44 to 94%. The average age of patients varied between 57 and 64 years, with a consistent male predominance across all studies. A notable improvement in mean admission delay to cardiology services in Dakar was observed, decreasing from 186 hours in 2002 to 28 hours in 2018. Thrombolysis utilization for ST-elevation ACS patients in Dakar ranged from 2.1 to 64.8%, while other regions reported rates of 10% in Kaolack, 53.8% in Saint-Louis, and 52.6% in Thies. In Dakar, the rate of coronary angiography increased substantially from 0% to 60.6% between 1998 and 2020, with percutaneous coronary intervention performed in 4.3% to 35.3% of cases. The frequency of heart failure ranged from 6.7 to 52.9%, and cardiogenic shock occurred in 1 to 18.5% of patients. The overall mortality rate was 10% (95% CI: 7-13%, 12 = 64%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that despite an increase in prevalence, there is an improvement in the management of ACS. However, the establishment of a national registry and a comprehensive network for ACS management is crucial to further improve morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Abstract: Introduction: The management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Senegal continues to pose challenges, despite significant progress in medical care. To comprehensively understand the current state of ACS in Senegal, a systematic review with meta-analysis was deemed essential. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ACS ...
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Case Report
Concurrent Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Rare Phenotypic Overlap
Atul Kapoor*,
Arun Chopra,
Harinder Pal Singh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
64-68
Received:
1 May 2025
Accepted:
12 May 2025
Published:
18 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ccr.20250902.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) are distinct inherited cardiac disorders that represent leading causes of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young adults. While both conditions display autosomal dominant inheritance patterns, they typically involve different genetic mutations and pathophysiological mechanisms. Case report: We present a rare case of a 45-year-old male with ventricular tachycardia who demonstrated concurrent phenotypic features of both ARVC and HCM on comprehensive cardiac evaluation. Electrocardiography showed epsilon waves characteristic of ARVC, while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed right ventricular dilatation consistent with ARVC alongside mid-ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). This unusual phenotypic overlap highlights the importance of comprehensive multimodality cardiac imaging and raises intriguing questions about potential genetic and molecular intersections between these cardiomyopathies. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of comprehensive multimodality cardiac imaging in identifying complex structural abnormalities and raises questions about potential genetic and molecular intersections between ARVC and HCM. Our case also adds to the extremely limited literature documenting the co-occurrence of these conditions and underscores the value of CMR in identifying complex structural cardiac abnormalities. Management of patients with this rare phenotypic overlap presents unique challenges, requiring careful consideration of risk stratification and medical therapy. Further research may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology and optimal management strategies for patients with overlapping cardiomyopathic phenotypes.
Abstract: Background: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) are distinct inherited cardiac disorders that represent leading causes of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young adults. While both conditions display autosomal dominant inheritance patterns, they typically involve different genetic mutatio...
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