Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Jean Missa Ehouman; Yafigui Traore; Magloire Gnahoua Okou; Juste-Geraud Boni; Ossey Bernard Yapo; Nahosse Ziao

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Jean Missa Ehouman, Yafigui Traore, Magloire Gnahoua Okou, Juste-Geraud Boni, Ossey Bernard Yapo, Nahosse Ziao

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 9, Issue 5)

Received: 8 September 2021 Accepted: 24 September 2021 Published: 29 September 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The anionic surfactants used in the soap industry and cosmetics appear as indicators of pollution of aquatic biodiversity. Moreover, these industries have experienced rapid growth in Côte d'Ivoire in recent years. Most of them are located in the Yopougon industrial area, thus continuously discharging their effluents into the Ebrié lagoon. This situation could lead to environmental, health and socio-economic disaster. Consequently, the evaluation of the quality of these effluents in anionic surfactants constitutes the starting point for the effect of identifying suitable ways for an efficient management of their use and their future. Four effluent sampling campaigns of ten units from this area were carried out over a period of one year. Anionic surfactants were analyzed by the methylene blue method. The analysis of the concentrations determined and the spatio-temporal analysis of the quality of the effluents according to the analysis of variance with repeated measures were carried out. It appears that all the effluents are very loaded with anionic surfactants and are grouped into two classes. Units Y2, Y6 and Y9 have an average concentration of anionic surfactants varying between 203,740 ± 157,544 (mg/L. EASL) and 275,323 ± 255,811 (mg/L. EASL). The group (Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y7, Y8 and Y10) records an average concentration in this parameter oscillating between 8.305 ± 6,508 (mg/L. EASL) and 71.750 ± 91,485 (mg/L. EASL).

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14
Page(s)	129-135
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Effluents, Cosmetic Soap Factories, Anionic Surfactants, Spatio-temporal Variation, Analysis of Variance, Repeated Measures

References

[1]	Kablan N. Hassy J. et al (2013). Impact environnemental de la zone industrialo-portuaire (ZIP) d’Abidjan. Pp 18 57-78 81.
[2]	PARE/PME (2014). Projet d’Appui à la revitalisation et à la gouvernance des PME. Etude économique sur les zones industrielles. Pp 436.
[3]	DONGO K. R, NIAMKE B. F, ADJE A. F., BRITTON G. H., Laurent NAMA A. L., ANOH K. P, ADIMA A. A et ATTA K. (2013). Impacts des effluents liquides sur l’environnement urbain d’Abidjan–Côte d’Ivoire. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 7 (1): 404-420.
[4]	KOUAME K. V. (2012). Caractérisation physicochimique et impacts éco toxicologiques des effluents industriels dans la lagune Ebrié. Thèse de doctorat à l’Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Pp 197.
[5]	Ho Tan Taî, et al (2008). Formulation des Détergents, Pp 12-36.
[6]	Ravalason H. et Laczka O. (2003). Bilan et critique de la législation européenne sur les détergents: Application aux tensioactifs anioniques et plus Particulièrement aux alkylbenzènes sulfonates linéaires (LAS). In: Projet de branche, 32 Pp.
[7]	Cantarero, S., Camino-Sanchez, F. J., Zafra-Gomez, A., Ballesteros, O., Navalon, A., Vilchez, J. L., Verge, C., Reis, M. S. and Paraiva, P. M. (2012). Evaluation of the Presence of Major Anionic Surfactants in Marine Sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64, 587-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.015
[8]	Hampel, M., Mauffret, A., Pazdro, K. and Blasco, J. (2012) Anionic Surfactant Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) in Sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea, Poland) and Its Environmental Implications. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 6013-6023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2399-6.
[9]	M. Lechuga, M. Fernández-Serrano n, E. Jurado, J. Núñez-Olea, F. Ríos (2016). Acute toxicity of anionic and non-ionic surfactants to aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety125 (2016) 1–8.
[10]	Könnecker G, Regelmann J, Belanger S et al (2011). Environmental properties and aquatic hazard assessment of anionic surfactants: physico-chemical, environmental fate and ecotoxicity properties. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74: 1445–1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOENV.2011.04.015
[11]	GNAGNE A., J., E., Y, YAPO B., O., MEITE L. KOUAME. K. V ANDRE A. GADJI A., MAMBO V., HOUENOU P (2015). Caractérisation physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux usées brutes du réseau d’égout de la ville d’Abidjan. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9 (2): 1082-1093.
[12]	GNAGNE A., J., E., Y (2016). Caractérisation des effluents drainés par le réseau d’eaux usées de la ville d’Abidjan et prédiction des MES et de la DCO à partir de la mesure de la turbidité. Thèse de doctorat, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Pp 213.
[13]	EHOUMAN J. M., YAPO O. B, GNAGNE. A. E. I. E. Y, ZIAO N. (2017). Physico-Chemical Characterization of Industrial Liquid Discharges of Soap Factories in Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire. J. Geosci and Env Protect, 5, 198-210 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep.
[14]	Rodier J. (2009). L’Analyse de l’Eau: Eaux Naturelles, Eaux Résiduaires et Eaux de Mer (9^ème édn). DUNOD: Paris; 1384 Pp.
[15]	ISO 7875-1 (1996). Water Quality. Determination of Surfactants: Part 1, Determination of Anionic Surfactants by Measurement of the Methylene Blue Index (MBAS).
[16]	GAILLARD M. L. (2015). Indice des agents de surface anioniques, comparaison des méthodes globales (spectrophotométrie avec ou sans reflux). Association Générale des Laboratoires d’Analyses de l’Environnement (AGLAE). Note Technique N°3. Pp 33.
[17]	Ballet, T. G. N., Effebi, K. R., Ako, O. Y. A., Kpidi, Y. H. and Yapo, O. B. (2018). Anionic Surfactants Levels in M’Koa Lake Water (Jacqueville, Cote d’Ivoire). Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 10, 1210-1221. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2018.1012072.
[18]	INERIS-Republique Française. Arrêté type- Rubrique n° 170. Détergents (Fabrication des produits autres que les savons). Pp 3.
[19]	Bergé A, Wiest L, Giroud B, Baudot R, Vulliet E (2017): Occurrence of multi-class surfactants in urban wastewater: contribution of a healthcare facility to the pollution transported into the sewerage system, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, online, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0470-8.
[20]	HAMPEL M., MORENO-GARRIDO L., SOBRINO C., LUBIAN L. M., BLASCO, J. (2001). Acute toxicity of LAS homologues in marine microalgae: Esterase activity and inhibition growth as endpoints of toxicity. Eeotox. Env. Sale 48: 287-292.
[21]	SAEZ M., LEON V. M., GEMEZ-PARRA A., GONZALEZ-MAZO E. Extraction and isolation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and their intermediate metabolites from various marine organisms. J. Chromatogr. A. 889: 99-104.
[22]	Ulva lactuca. Kanaji Masakorala & Andrew Turner & Murray T. Brown. Toxicity of Synthetic Surfactants to the Marine Macroalga. Water Air Soil Pollut (2011) 218: 283–291 DOI 10.1007/s11270-010-0641-4.
[23]	J. Hammer, A. M. Tukker, J. F. Postma J. J. H. Haftka J. L. M. Hermens P. de Voogt M. H. S. Kraak (2018). Solubility Constraints on Aquatic Ecotoxicity Testing of Anionic Surfactants. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2018) 101: 99–104 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2361-1.
[24]	Jean Missa Ehouman (2018). Caractérisation physico-chimique des rejets liquides industriels de savonneries et prédiction de la stabilité chimique de quelques surfactants anioniques des produits détergents. Thèse de doctorat, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Pp 202.
[25]	SANCHEZ L. J., GARCIA M. T., TOMAS R., FERRER J., BENGOECHEA, C. (1994). Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate removal. Tens. Surfaet. Oet. 31: 253-256.
[26]	FAUSER P., VIKELS0E J., SERENSEN P. B., CARLSEN, L. (2003). Phtalates, nonylphenols and LAS in an alternately operated wastewater treatment plant-tate modelling based on measured concentrations in wastewater and sludge. Wat. Res 37: 1288-1295.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jean Missa Ehouman, Yafigui Traore, Magloire Gnahoua Okou, Juste-Geraud Boni, Ossey Bernard Yapo, et al. (2021). Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 9(5), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Jean Missa Ehouman; Yafigui Traore; Magloire Gnahoua Okou; Juste-Geraud Boni; Ossey Bernard Yapo, et al. Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2021, 9(5), 129-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Jean Missa Ehouman, Yafigui Traore, Magloire Gnahoua Okou, Juste-Geraud Boni, Ossey Bernard Yapo, et al. Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2021;9(5):129-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14,
  author = {Jean Missa Ehouman and Yafigui Traore and Magloire Gnahoua Okou and Juste-Geraud Boni and Ossey Bernard Yapo and Nahosse Ziao},
  title = {Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {129-135},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20210905.14},
  abstract = {The anionic surfactants used in the soap industry and cosmetics appear as indicators of pollution of aquatic biodiversity. Moreover, these industries have experienced rapid growth in Côte d'Ivoire in recent years. Most of them are located in the Yopougon industrial area, thus continuously discharging their effluents into the Ebrié lagoon. This situation could lead to environmental, health and socio-economic disaster. Consequently, the evaluation of the quality of these effluents in anionic surfactants constitutes the starting point for the effect of identifying suitable ways for an efficient management of their use and their future. Four effluent sampling campaigns of ten units from this area were carried out over a period of one year. Anionic surfactants were analyzed by the methylene blue method. The analysis of the concentrations determined and the spatio-temporal analysis of the quality of the effluents according to the analysis of variance with repeated measures were carried out. It appears that all the effluents are very loaded with anionic surfactants and are grouped into two classes. Units Y2, Y6 and Y9 have an average concentration of anionic surfactants varying between 203,740 ± 157,544 (mg/L. EASL) and 275,323 ± 255,811 (mg/L. EASL). The group (Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y7, Y8 and Y10) records an average concentration in this parameter oscillating between 8.305 ± 6,508 (mg/L. EASL) and 71.750 ± 91,485 (mg/L. EASL).},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
AU - Jean Missa Ehouman
AU - Yafigui Traore
AU - Magloire Gnahoua Okou
AU - Juste-Geraud Boni
AU - Ossey Bernard Yapo
AU - Nahosse Ziao
Y1 - 2021/09/29
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 129
EP - 135
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14
AB - The anionic surfactants used in the soap industry and cosmetics appear as indicators of pollution of aquatic biodiversity. Moreover, these industries have experienced rapid growth in Côte d'Ivoire in recent years. Most of them are located in the Yopougon industrial area, thus continuously discharging their effluents into the Ebrié lagoon. This situation could lead to environmental, health and socio-economic disaster. Consequently, the evaluation of the quality of these effluents in anionic surfactants constitutes the starting point for the effect of identifying suitable ways for an efficient management of their use and their future. Four effluent sampling campaigns of ten units from this area were carried out over a period of one year. Anionic surfactants were analyzed by the methylene blue method. The analysis of the concentrations determined and the spatio-temporal analysis of the quality of the effluents according to the analysis of variance with repeated measures were carried out. It appears that all the effluents are very loaded with anionic surfactants and are grouped into two classes. Units Y2, Y6 and Y9 have an average concentration of anionic surfactants varying between 203,740 ± 157,544 (mg/L. EASL) and 275,323 ± 255,811 (mg/L. EASL). The group (Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y7, Y8 and Y10) records an average concentration in this parameter oscillating between 8.305 ± 6,508 (mg/L. EASL) and 71.750 ± 91,485 (mg/L. EASL).
VL - 9
IS - 5
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Jean Missa Ehouman

Thermodynamic Physico-Chemistry Laboratory of the Medium, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Yafigui Traore

Thermodynamic Physico-Chemistry Laboratory of the Medium, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Magloire Gnahoua Okou

Thermodynamic Physico-Chemistry Laboratory of the Medium, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Juste-Geraud Boni

Central Environment Laboratory, Ivorian Anti-pollution Center, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Ossey Bernard Yapo

Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Nahosse Ziao

Thermodynamic Physico-Chemistry Laboratory of the Medium, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jean Missa Ehouman, Yafigui Traore, Magloire Gnahoua Okou, Juste-Geraud Boni, Ossey Bernard Yapo, et al. (2021). Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 9(5), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Jean Missa Ehouman; Yafigui Traore; Magloire Gnahoua Okou; Juste-Geraud Boni; Ossey Bernard Yapo, et al. Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2021, 9(5), 129-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Jean Missa Ehouman, Yafigui Traore, Magloire Gnahoua Okou, Juste-Geraud Boni, Ossey Bernard Yapo, et al. Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2021;9(5):129-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14,
  author = {Jean Missa Ehouman and Yafigui Traore and Magloire Gnahoua Okou and Juste-Geraud Boni and Ossey Bernard Yapo and Nahosse Ziao},
  title = {Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {129-135},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20210905.14},
  abstract = {The anionic surfactants used in the soap industry and cosmetics appear as indicators of pollution of aquatic biodiversity. Moreover, these industries have experienced rapid growth in Côte d'Ivoire in recent years. Most of them are located in the Yopougon industrial area, thus continuously discharging their effluents into the Ebrié lagoon. This situation could lead to environmental, health and socio-economic disaster. Consequently, the evaluation of the quality of these effluents in anionic surfactants constitutes the starting point for the effect of identifying suitable ways for an efficient management of their use and their future. Four effluent sampling campaigns of ten units from this area were carried out over a period of one year. Anionic surfactants were analyzed by the methylene blue method. The analysis of the concentrations determined and the spatio-temporal analysis of the quality of the effluents according to the analysis of variance with repeated measures were carried out. It appears that all the effluents are very loaded with anionic surfactants and are grouped into two classes. Units Y2, Y6 and Y9 have an average concentration of anionic surfactants varying between 203,740 ± 157,544 (mg/L. EASL) and 275,323 ± 255,811 (mg/L. EASL). The group (Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y7, Y8 and Y10) records an average concentration in this parameter oscillating between 8.305 ± 6,508 (mg/L. EASL) and 71.750 ± 91,485 (mg/L. EASL).},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download