Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania

Dauson Kamwangire Felix; Anthony Zozimus Sangeda; Dominico Benedicto Kilemo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

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Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania

Dauson Kamwangire Felix^*

, Anthony Zozimus Sangeda

, Dominico Benedicto Kilemo

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 13, Issue 6)

Received: 29 September 2025 Accepted: 10 October 2025 Published: 29 December 2025

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Abstract

Climate change is affecting climate-sensitive sectors including agriculture in developing countries. Tanzania as one of the developing countries is hit by the climate change impacts, especially in semi-arid areas. This study aimed to analyze the agro-pastoralists’ perceptions on climate change, adaptation strategies and determinants of adaptation to climate change of agro-pastoralists. The study was conducted in Kongwa district, Dodoma region in central zone Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to collect quantitative data by using structured questionnaires. Two wards, Ugogoni and Mtanana were used in this study where 240 respondents were interviewed under consent using the structured questionnaire. Focused group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) were also used. The results showed that most of the agro-pastoralists perceive decrease in rainfalls’ distribution (95.4%), decline in rainfalls’ intensity (88.8%), delay of rainfall (88.8%), early cessation of rains (97.9%), increase in temperatures (91.3%), re-occurrence of floods (74.9%), and droughts (91.3%) over the past 20 years. The mostly used climate change adaptation strategies in crop production were changes of planting dates (98.8%), planting density (96.3%), crop diversification (92.1%), use of improved crop varieties (34.2%), crop rotation (16.3%), and tree planting (10.0%), whereas in livestock production, were livestock diversification (30.8%), storage of feed and crop residues (21.3%), and feeding strategies (10.0%). The binary logistic regression model results showed that the determinants of climate change that significantly influence resilience in Kongwa district were geo-location, with 4.288 odds; age (0.953 odds/ 95.3%), number of livestock owned (1.056 odds), and land size (6.097 odds). The study revealed that livestock sector’s adaptive capacity is lower as compared to crop production sector. The study suggested that government should improve the accessibility to inputs and subsidies, such as improved crop, pasture and animal seeds to foster resilience of agro-pastoralists.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 13, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
Page(s)	161-173
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Climate Change, Adaptation, Agro-pastoralists, Determinants, Kongwa District

References

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Felix, D. K., Sangeda, A. Z., Kilemo, D. B. (2025). Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 13(6), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

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Felix, D. K.; Sangeda, A. Z.; Kilemo, D. B. Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2025, 13(6), 161-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

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Felix DK, Sangeda AZ, Kilemo DB. Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2025;13(6):161-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13,
  author = {Dauson Kamwangire Felix and Anthony Zozimus Sangeda and Dominico Benedicto Kilemo},
  title = {Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {161-173},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20251306.13},
  abstract = {Climate change is affecting climate-sensitive sectors including agriculture in developing countries. Tanzania as one of the developing countries is hit by the climate change impacts, especially in semi-arid areas. This study aimed to analyze the agro-pastoralists’ perceptions on climate change, adaptation strategies and determinants of adaptation to climate change of agro-pastoralists. The study was conducted in Kongwa district, Dodoma region in central zone Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to collect quantitative data by using structured questionnaires. Two wards, Ugogoni and Mtanana were used in this study where 240 respondents were interviewed under consent using the structured questionnaire. Focused group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) were also used. The results showed that most of the agro-pastoralists perceive decrease in rainfalls’ distribution (95.4%), decline in rainfalls’ intensity (88.8%), delay of rainfall (88.8%), early cessation of rains (97.9%), increase in temperatures (91.3%), re-occurrence of floods (74.9%), and droughts (91.3%) over the past 20 years. The mostly used climate change adaptation strategies in crop production were changes of planting dates (98.8%), planting density (96.3%), crop diversification (92.1%), use of improved crop varieties (34.2%), crop rotation (16.3%), and tree planting (10.0%), whereas in livestock production, were livestock diversification (30.8%), storage of feed and crop residues (21.3%), and feeding strategies (10.0%). The binary logistic regression model results showed that the determinants of climate change that significantly influence resilience in Kongwa district were geo-location, with 4.288 odds; age (0.953 odds/ 95.3%), number of livestock owned (1.056 odds), and land size (6.097 odds). The study revealed that livestock sector’s adaptive capacity is lower as compared to crop production sector. The study suggested that government should improve the accessibility to inputs and subsidies, such as improved crop, pasture and animal seeds to foster resilience of agro-pastoralists.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania
AU  - Dauson Kamwangire Felix
AU  - Anthony Zozimus Sangeda
AU  - Dominico Benedicto Kilemo
Y1  - 2025/12/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 161
EP  - 173
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
AB  - Climate change is affecting climate-sensitive sectors including agriculture in developing countries. Tanzania as one of the developing countries is hit by the climate change impacts, especially in semi-arid areas. This study aimed to analyze the agro-pastoralists’ perceptions on climate change, adaptation strategies and determinants of adaptation to climate change of agro-pastoralists. The study was conducted in Kongwa district, Dodoma region in central zone Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to collect quantitative data by using structured questionnaires. Two wards, Ugogoni and Mtanana were used in this study where 240 respondents were interviewed under consent using the structured questionnaire. Focused group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) were also used. The results showed that most of the agro-pastoralists perceive decrease in rainfalls’ distribution (95.4%), decline in rainfalls’ intensity (88.8%), delay of rainfall (88.8%), early cessation of rains (97.9%), increase in temperatures (91.3%), re-occurrence of floods (74.9%), and droughts (91.3%) over the past 20 years. The mostly used climate change adaptation strategies in crop production were changes of planting dates (98.8%), planting density (96.3%), crop diversification (92.1%), use of improved crop varieties (34.2%), crop rotation (16.3%), and tree planting (10.0%), whereas in livestock production, were livestock diversification (30.8%), storage of feed and crop residues (21.3%), and feeding strategies (10.0%). The binary logistic regression model results showed that the determinants of climate change that significantly influence resilience in Kongwa district were geo-location, with 4.288 odds; age (0.953 odds/ 95.3%), number of livestock owned (1.056 odds), and land size (6.097 odds). The study revealed that livestock sector’s adaptive capacity is lower as compared to crop production sector. The study suggested that government should improve the accessibility to inputs and subsidies, such as improved crop, pasture and animal seeds to foster resilience of agro-pastoralists.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Dauson Kamwangire Felix

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania;Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Kongwa, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-0164-1989
Anthony Zozimus Sangeda

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-3672
Dominico Benedicto Kilemo

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-0125

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Felix, D. K., Sangeda, A. Z., Kilemo, D. B. (2025). Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 13(6), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

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ACS Style

Felix, D. K.; Sangeda, A. Z.; Kilemo, D. B. Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2025, 13(6), 161-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

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AMA Style

Felix DK, Sangeda AZ, Kilemo DB. Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2025;13(6):161-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13,
  author = {Dauson Kamwangire Felix and Anthony Zozimus Sangeda and Dominico Benedicto Kilemo},
  title = {Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {161-173},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20251306.13},
  abstract = {Climate change is affecting climate-sensitive sectors including agriculture in developing countries. Tanzania as one of the developing countries is hit by the climate change impacts, especially in semi-arid areas. This study aimed to analyze the agro-pastoralists’ perceptions on climate change, adaptation strategies and determinants of adaptation to climate change of agro-pastoralists. The study was conducted in Kongwa district, Dodoma region in central zone Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to collect quantitative data by using structured questionnaires. Two wards, Ugogoni and Mtanana were used in this study where 240 respondents were interviewed under consent using the structured questionnaire. Focused group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) were also used. The results showed that most of the agro-pastoralists perceive decrease in rainfalls’ distribution (95.4%), decline in rainfalls’ intensity (88.8%), delay of rainfall (88.8%), early cessation of rains (97.9%), increase in temperatures (91.3%), re-occurrence of floods (74.9%), and droughts (91.3%) over the past 20 years. The mostly used climate change adaptation strategies in crop production were changes of planting dates (98.8%), planting density (96.3%), crop diversification (92.1%), use of improved crop varieties (34.2%), crop rotation (16.3%), and tree planting (10.0%), whereas in livestock production, were livestock diversification (30.8%), storage of feed and crop residues (21.3%), and feeding strategies (10.0%). The binary logistic regression model results showed that the determinants of climate change that significantly influence resilience in Kongwa district were geo-location, with 4.288 odds; age (0.953 odds/ 95.3%), number of livestock owned (1.056 odds), and land size (6.097 odds). The study revealed that livestock sector’s adaptive capacity is lower as compared to crop production sector. The study suggested that government should improve the accessibility to inputs and subsidies, such as improved crop, pasture and animal seeds to foster resilience of agro-pastoralists.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Determinants of Climate Change Resilience Among Agro-pastoral Communities in Kongwa District, Dodoma-Tanzania
AU  - Dauson Kamwangire Felix
AU  - Anthony Zozimus Sangeda
AU  - Dominico Benedicto Kilemo
Y1  - 2025/12/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 161
EP  - 173
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.13
AB  - Climate change is affecting climate-sensitive sectors including agriculture in developing countries. Tanzania as one of the developing countries is hit by the climate change impacts, especially in semi-arid areas. This study aimed to analyze the agro-pastoralists’ perceptions on climate change, adaptation strategies and determinants of adaptation to climate change of agro-pastoralists. The study was conducted in Kongwa district, Dodoma region in central zone Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to collect quantitative data by using structured questionnaires. Two wards, Ugogoni and Mtanana were used in this study where 240 respondents were interviewed under consent using the structured questionnaire. Focused group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) were also used. The results showed that most of the agro-pastoralists perceive decrease in rainfalls’ distribution (95.4%), decline in rainfalls’ intensity (88.8%), delay of rainfall (88.8%), early cessation of rains (97.9%), increase in temperatures (91.3%), re-occurrence of floods (74.9%), and droughts (91.3%) over the past 20 years. The mostly used climate change adaptation strategies in crop production were changes of planting dates (98.8%), planting density (96.3%), crop diversification (92.1%), use of improved crop varieties (34.2%), crop rotation (16.3%), and tree planting (10.0%), whereas in livestock production, were livestock diversification (30.8%), storage of feed and crop residues (21.3%), and feeding strategies (10.0%). The binary logistic regression model results showed that the determinants of climate change that significantly influence resilience in Kongwa district were geo-location, with 4.288 odds; age (0.953 odds/ 95.3%), number of livestock owned (1.056 odds), and land size (6.097 odds). The study revealed that livestock sector’s adaptive capacity is lower as compared to crop production sector. The study suggested that government should improve the accessibility to inputs and subsidies, such as improved crop, pasture and animal seeds to foster resilience of agro-pastoralists.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download