Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed; Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied; Sohad Saad El Wakeel; Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed, Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied, Sohad Saad El Wakeel, Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed

Published in International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 31 March 2019 Accepted: 5 May 2019 Published: 31 May 2019

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Abstract

Most population in northern Sudan are supplied by surface water sources directly from the Nile for drinking and irrigation purposes. As noted, most of them suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and kidney failure. Water is expected to be a major and direct cause of these diseases, so the aim of this study is to identify the components of surface water in northern Sudan using Raman spectroscopy. Surface water Samples were collected from the Nile in different regions. The samples were analyzed at room temperature using Raman spectrometer model Horiba Lab RAM HR D3. The results showed that the samples contain different materials, beside the water, with different amounts; like: aromatic molecules, ester, salts, amides, phenol, alkynes and acids. From the results we have found that the water contains many toxic compounds such as cyanide, nitrate and phenol, which is one of the most important causes of cancer and renal failure. As well as can cause oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous iron (II) to ferric iron (III), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This process can lead to generalized lack of oxygen in organ tissue and a dangerous condition called methemoglobinemia.

Published in	International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
Page(s)	28-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Raman Spectroscopy, Surface Water Characterization, Surface Water in Northern Sudan

References

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APA Style

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed, Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied, Sohad Saad El Wakeel, Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed. (2019). Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 5(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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ACS Style

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed; Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied; Sohad Saad El Wakeel; Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed. Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy. Int. J. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2019, 5(1), 28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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AMA Style

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed, Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied, Sohad Saad El Wakeel, Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed. Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2019;5(1):28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13,
  author = {Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed and Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied and Sohad Saad El Wakeel and Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed},
  title = {Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy},
  journal = {International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfmts.20190501.13},
  abstract = {Most population in northern Sudan are supplied by surface water sources directly from the Nile for drinking and irrigation purposes. As noted, most of them suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and kidney failure. Water is expected to be a major and direct cause of these diseases, so the aim of this study is to identify the components of surface water in northern Sudan using Raman spectroscopy. Surface water Samples were collected from the Nile in different regions. The samples were analyzed at room temperature using Raman spectrometer model Horiba Lab RAM HR D3. The results showed that the samples contain different materials, beside the water, with different amounts; like: aromatic molecules, ester, salts, amides, phenol, alkynes and acids. From the results we have found that the water contains many toxic compounds such as cyanide, nitrate and phenol, which is one of the most important causes of cancer and renal failure. As well as can cause oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous iron (II) to ferric iron (III), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This process can lead to generalized lack of oxygen in organ tissue and a dangerous condition called methemoglobinemia.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy
AU  - Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed
AU  - Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied
AU  - Sohad Saad El Wakeel
AU  - Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed
Y1  - 2019/05/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
T2  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8113
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
AB  - Most population in northern Sudan are supplied by surface water sources directly from the Nile for drinking and irrigation purposes. As noted, most of them suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and kidney failure. Water is expected to be a major and direct cause of these diseases, so the aim of this study is to identify the components of surface water in northern Sudan using Raman spectroscopy. Surface water Samples were collected from the Nile in different regions. The samples were analyzed at room temperature using Raman spectrometer model Horiba Lab RAM HR D3. The results showed that the samples contain different materials, beside the water, with different amounts; like: aromatic molecules, ester, salts, amides, phenol, alkynes and acids. From the results we have found that the water contains many toxic compounds such as cyanide, nitrate and phenol, which is one of the most important causes of cancer and renal failure. As well as can cause oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous iron (II) to ferric iron (III), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This process can lead to generalized lack of oxygen in organ tissue and a dangerous condition called methemoglobinemia.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed

Department of Physics, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Institute of Laser, Khartoum, Sudan
Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied

Department of Engineering, Karary University, Khartoum, Sudan
Sohad Saad El Wakeel

Department of Physics, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Institute of Laser, Khartoum, Sudan
Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed

Department of Physics, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Institute of Laser, Khartoum, Sudan

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APA Style

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed, Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied, Sohad Saad El Wakeel, Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed. (2019). Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 5(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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ACS Style

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed; Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied; Sohad Saad El Wakeel; Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed. Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy. Int. J. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2019, 5(1), 28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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AMA Style

Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed, Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied, Sohad Saad El Wakeel, Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed. Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2019;5(1):28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13,
  author = {Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed and Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied and Sohad Saad El Wakeel and Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed},
  title = {Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy},
  journal = {International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfmts.20190501.13},
  abstract = {Most population in northern Sudan are supplied by surface water sources directly from the Nile for drinking and irrigation purposes. As noted, most of them suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and kidney failure. Water is expected to be a major and direct cause of these diseases, so the aim of this study is to identify the components of surface water in northern Sudan using Raman spectroscopy. Surface water Samples were collected from the Nile in different regions. The samples were analyzed at room temperature using Raman spectrometer model Horiba Lab RAM HR D3. The results showed that the samples contain different materials, beside the water, with different amounts; like: aromatic molecules, ester, salts, amides, phenol, alkynes and acids. From the results we have found that the water contains many toxic compounds such as cyanide, nitrate and phenol, which is one of the most important causes of cancer and renal failure. As well as can cause oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous iron (II) to ferric iron (III), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This process can lead to generalized lack of oxygen in organ tissue and a dangerous condition called methemoglobinemia.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy
AU  - Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed
AU  - Abdelmoneim Mohammed Awadelgied
AU  - Sohad Saad El Wakeel
AU  - Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed
Y1  - 2019/05/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
T2  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8113
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20190501.13
AB  - Most population in northern Sudan are supplied by surface water sources directly from the Nile for drinking and irrigation purposes. As noted, most of them suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and kidney failure. Water is expected to be a major and direct cause of these diseases, so the aim of this study is to identify the components of surface water in northern Sudan using Raman spectroscopy. Surface water Samples were collected from the Nile in different regions. The samples were analyzed at room temperature using Raman spectrometer model Horiba Lab RAM HR D3. The results showed that the samples contain different materials, beside the water, with different amounts; like: aromatic molecules, ester, salts, amides, phenol, alkynes and acids. From the results we have found that the water contains many toxic compounds such as cyanide, nitrate and phenol, which is one of the most important causes of cancer and renal failure. As well as can cause oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous iron (II) to ferric iron (III), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This process can lead to generalized lack of oxygen in organ tissue and a dangerous condition called methemoglobinemia.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download