,
Hisseine Mahamat Allamine,
Alhadj Markhous Nazal*,
Abdoulaye Idriss Sakhaïroun,
Chaibou Mahamadou
Camel milk is a highly distinctive product for camel-rearing populations. However, camel milk production must be strictly controlled due to the potential risks it may pose to human health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of processed milk camels from the Zinder region. The study which was conducted in Niger in the department of Tesker (Zinder), was conducted on 34 samples from camels depending on the availability of breeders and also the docility of the females. Seven (7) categories of germs were searched for through microbiological analysis FMAT, Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salomonella ssp, Colostriduum perfringens and fungal flora. For the assessment of the microbiological quality of milk, the results of our analyses are expressed according to the reference standards of the Luxembourg Food Safety Directorate (DSA/Luxembourg). These standards are listed in the table below. The microbiological quality of camel milk samples is not compliant to the standards for germs Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (85.29%), Staphylococcus aureus (61.76 %) and Yeasts (94.11%) and Molds (38.23%) and with respective average loads in CFU/ml: 1251.79 105; 34.12 102; 612.74 103; 10.15 103. Total Coliform Germs, E. coli, Salmonella ssp and Clostridium perfringens were absent in all samples analyzed. These results demonstrate a lack of compliance with good production hygiene practices during milking. Consumers would be exposed to a real danger to their health if nothing is done to improve the microbiological quality of raw milk.
| Published in | International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 9, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13 |
| Page(s) | 112-118 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Raw Milk, Camel, Microbiological Quality, Pathogenic Germs, Tesker, Niger
| [1] | Abdalla, E. B., Ashmawy, A. E. H. A., Farouk, M. H., Salama, O. A. E. R., Khalil, F. A., & Seioudy, A. F. Milk production potential in Maghrebi she-camels. Small Ruminant Research, 2015, 123(1), 129-135. |
| [2] | Konuspayeva, G., Faye, B., & Bengoumi, M. Mineral status in camel milk: A critical review. Animal Frontiers, 2022, 12(4), 52-60. |
| [3] | Chethouna, F. Study of the physicochemical, biochemical characteristics and the microbiological quality of pasteurized camel milk, in comparison with raw camel milk. Master's thesis in biology (Option: Applied Microbiology). Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University (Algeria), 2011, 102p. French. |
| [4] | Bouyacoub, S., Saighi, L., & Si Youcef, T. Camel milk: nutritional contribution, processing capabilities and health claims. Master's thesis in Applied Biochemistry, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria), 2022, 89p. French. |
| [5] | Arain, M. A., Khaskheli, G. B., Shah, A. H., Marghazani, I. B., Barham, G. S., Shah, Q. A., ... & Fazlani, S. A. Nutritional significance and promising therapeutic/medicinal application of camel milk as a functional food in human and animals: A comprehensive review. Animal Biotechnology, 2023, 34(6), 1988-2005. |
| [6] | Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock. Livestock sector statistics. Annual report 2020, Niamey – Niger. French. |
| [7] | Amadou, A. Analysis of potential changes in pastoral practices in the future Termit Tin-Toumma national nature reserve in the context of ongoing oil exploitation, DEA thesis, FA /UAM/Niamey, 2010. French. |
| [8] | Debouz A., Guerguer L., Hamid Oudjana A, Hadj S AEK. Comparative study of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of cow's milk and camel's milk in the wilaya of Ghardaïa. ElWahat Review for Research and Studies Vol. 7n°2 (2014): 10 – 17. French. |
| [9] |
Mosbah, S., Boudjenah-Haroun, S., Dahia, M., Boual, Z., & Siboukeur, O. Microbiological quality of camel milk (Camelus dromedarius) raised in a semi-intensive system in the locality of Ghardaïa (southern Algeria.). Revue des BioRessources, 2017, 7(2), 43-52. French
https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/bitstream/123456789/16271/1/B070204.pdf |
| [10] | Kaoudja, CEH, & Mecheri, W. Physicochemical characterization and microbiological quality of camel milk conducted according to two extensive and semi-intensive breeding systems. Master's thesis in Food Quality Control, Kasdi Merbah–Ouargla University (Algeria), 2018, 56p. French |
| [11] |
Arbia T., & C CHIHEB. AE. Physicochemical, bacteriological characterization and authentication of camel milk collected in the Oued Souf region in South East Algeria. Master's thesis in Food Sciences, University of May 8, 1945 Guelma (Algeria), 2018, 52p. French
http://dspace.univ-guelma.dz:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1014 |
| [12] | Guiraud, J., P. Microbiology of the main food products; in: “Food Microbiology, Laboratory Techniques” Ed. Dunod, Paris, 1998. French. |
| [13] | AMHOURI, F., SAID B., HAMAMA, A. and ZAHAR, M. Microbiological quality of raw milk: Case of the Errachidia region. Proceedings Inst. Agron. Vet. (Morocco), 1998, 18(1). pp: 31-35. French. |
| [14] |
Alem, R., & Hamoulili, M. (2022). Microbiological analysis of camel milk. Master's thesis in Biological Sciences, University of Tissemsilt (Algeria), 84p. French.
http://dspace.univ-tissemsilt.dz/bitstream/handle/123456789/2377/MM572-055.pdf |
| [15] |
Hammi, I., & Zineb, L. (2021). Study of the hygienic quality of camel milk “Camelus dromedarius” sold in the Ouargla region. Master's thesis in Biological Sciences, University of Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla (Algeria), 72p. French.
https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/bitstream/123456789/29528/3/HAMMI-LITIM.PDF |
| [16] | Aouachria, AN. Hygienic quality of Arbya camel milk from El Oued–Algeria-: Presentation of its Technical Sheet for obtaining the Geographical Indication label Within the framework of the Camel Milk Grant Agreement project: 1832 This project is part of the PRIMA program by the European Union, 2020. French. |
| [17] | Sakhaïroun A. I.. Milking practices, microbiological quality of milk and prevalence of mastitis in camel dairy herds in the Tesker department (Zinder region). Master's thesis in Agronomic Sciences, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey (Niger), 2024, 116p. French. |
APA Style
Doutoum, A. A., Allamine, H. M., Nazal, A. M., Sakhaïroun, A. I., Mahamadou, C. (2024). Microbiological Quality of Raw Camel Milk Consumed in the Zinder Region (Niger). International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 9(4), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13
ACS Style
Doutoum, A. A.; Allamine, H. M.; Nazal, A. M.; Sakhaïroun, A. I.; Mahamadou, C. Microbiological Quality of Raw Camel Milk Consumed in the Zinder Region (Niger). Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2024, 9(4), 112-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13,
author = {Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum and Hisseine Mahamat Allamine and Alhadj Markhous Nazal and Abdoulaye Idriss Sakhaïroun and Chaibou Mahamadou},
title = {Microbiological Quality of Raw Camel Milk Consumed in the Zinder Region (Niger)
},
journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {112-118},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20240904.13},
abstract = {Camel milk is a highly distinctive product for camel-rearing populations. However, camel milk production must be strictly controlled due to the potential risks it may pose to human health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of processed milk camels from the Zinder region. The study which was conducted in Niger in the department of Tesker (Zinder), was conducted on 34 samples from camels depending on the availability of breeders and also the docility of the females. Seven (7) categories of germs were searched for through microbiological analysis FMAT, Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salomonella ssp, Colostriduum perfringens and fungal flora. For the assessment of the microbiological quality of milk, the results of our analyses are expressed according to the reference standards of the Luxembourg Food Safety Directorate (DSA/Luxembourg). These standards are listed in the table below. The microbiological quality of camel milk samples is not compliant to the standards for germs Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (85.29%), Staphylococcus aureus (61.76 %) and Yeasts (94.11%) and Molds (38.23%) and with respective average loads in CFU/ml: 1251.79 105; 34.12 102; 612.74 103; 10.15 103. Total Coliform Germs, E. coli, Salmonella ssp and Clostridium perfringens were absent in all samples analyzed. These results demonstrate a lack of compliance with good production hygiene practices during milking. Consumers would be exposed to a real danger to their health if nothing is done to improve the microbiological quality of raw milk.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological Quality of Raw Camel Milk Consumed in the Zinder Region (Niger) AU - Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum AU - Hisseine Mahamat Allamine AU - Alhadj Markhous Nazal AU - Abdoulaye Idriss Sakhaïroun AU - Chaibou Mahamadou Y1 - 2024/12/03 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13 T2 - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JF - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JO - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology SP - 112 EP - 118 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-9686 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240904.13 AB - Camel milk is a highly distinctive product for camel-rearing populations. However, camel milk production must be strictly controlled due to the potential risks it may pose to human health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of processed milk camels from the Zinder region. The study which was conducted in Niger in the department of Tesker (Zinder), was conducted on 34 samples from camels depending on the availability of breeders and also the docility of the females. Seven (7) categories of germs were searched for through microbiological analysis FMAT, Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salomonella ssp, Colostriduum perfringens and fungal flora. For the assessment of the microbiological quality of milk, the results of our analyses are expressed according to the reference standards of the Luxembourg Food Safety Directorate (DSA/Luxembourg). These standards are listed in the table below. The microbiological quality of camel milk samples is not compliant to the standards for germs Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (85.29%), Staphylococcus aureus (61.76 %) and Yeasts (94.11%) and Molds (38.23%) and with respective average loads in CFU/ml: 1251.79 105; 34.12 102; 612.74 103; 10.15 103. Total Coliform Germs, E. coli, Salmonella ssp and Clostridium perfringens were absent in all samples analyzed. These results demonstrate a lack of compliance with good production hygiene practices during milking. Consumers would be exposed to a real danger to their health if nothing is done to improve the microbiological quality of raw milk. VL - 9 IS - 4 ER -
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adam Barka University of Abeche, Abeche, Chad
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adam Barka University of Abeche, Abeche, Chad
Department of the Environment Sciences, University of Sarh, Sarh, Chad
Department of Animal Production, National Higher Institute of Livestock of Moussoro, Moussoro, Chad
Department of Animal Production, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
Information