Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves

Uzama Danlami; Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia; Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves

Uzama Danlami, Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia, Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 3 September 2016 Accepted: 14 April 2017 Published: 6 May 2017

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The Agar well diffusion method was adopted in carrying out the antimicrobial screening. The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, resins and volatile oils in hexane extract; saponins, alkaloids, tannins and balsams in ethanolic extract and tannins, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils in ethyl acetate extract. The antimicrobial screening indicated that the hexane extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Klebsiela pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract was active on all the test organisms. The ethyl acetate extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. This indicated that the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves can serve as potential antibiotics in ethno medicines.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
Page(s)	29-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Klebsiela Pneumonia, Phytochemical Analysis, Tannins, Agar well Diffusion, Ethno Medicines

References

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[4]	Olorunfemi C. J., Joseph O. A., Ambrose O. A. and Rowland I. S. A. (2006). Anthelmintic efficacy of extracts of Spigelia anthelmintic of extracts of Spigelia anthelmia Linn on experimental Nippostrongylusbraziliensis in rats, J. Vet. Sc. 7(3): 229-232.
[5]	Okwu D. E. (2001). Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Indigenous Spices and Flavouring Agents. Global J. Appl. Sci. 7(3): 455-459.
[6]	Uzama D. (2009). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) crude extracts. Bio. Env. Sc. J. Trop. 6(4):139-142.
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[8]	Esimone C. O., Adiku M. U. and Okonta J. M. (1998). Preliminary Antimicrobial screening of the ethanolic extract from the Lichen Usnea Subfloridans (L.). J. Pharmaceutic. Res. Dev. 3(2):99-102.
[9]	Nwaogu L. A., Ujuwundu C. O. and Mgbemena A. I. 2000. Studies on the Nutritional and phytochemical composition of Amaratus hybridus leaves. Bis-Res. 4:28-31.
[10]	Evans, W. C. and Trease, G. E. (2002). Pharmacognosy, 15^th Ed. London: Saunders publishers. pp 42- 44, 246-249, 304-306, 331-332.
[11]	Brain, K. R. and Tuner (1975). The practical evaluation of phytochemistry pharmaceuticals. Wright science chila Bright. pp. 120-140.
[12]	Uzama D., Bwai M. D. and Thomas S. A. (2012). The phytochemical, proximate and elemental analyses of Securinega virosa leaf extracts, Research J. in Engg and Applied Sciences. 1(6):351- 354.
[13]	Adeyeyi E. I. and Okokiti M. K. O. (1999). Proximate composition andsome nutritional valuable mineral of two varieties of Capsicum annum (Bell and Cherry peppers). Discovery Innovation. 11:75 – 81.
[14]	Akindahunsi A. A. and Salawu S. O. (2005). Phytochemical screening and nutrient-antinutrient composition of selected tropical green leafy vegetables. Afr. J. Biotech. 4:497-501.
[15]	Antia B. S., Akpan E. J., Okon P. A. and Umoren U. I. (2006). Proximate composition and phytochemical constituents of leaves of some acalypha species. Park J. Nutri. 5:166-168.

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Uzama Danlami, Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia, Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi. (2017). Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(3), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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ACS Style

Uzama Danlami; Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia; Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi. Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2017, 3(3), 29-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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AMA Style

Uzama Danlami, Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia, Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi. Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves. Int J Pharm Chem. 2017;3(3):29-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11,
  author = {Uzama Danlami and Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia and Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi},
  title = {Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {29-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20170303.11},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The Agar well diffusion method was adopted in carrying out the antimicrobial screening. The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, resins and volatile oils in hexane extract; saponins, alkaloids, tannins and balsams in ethanolic extract and tannins, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils in ethyl acetate extract. The antimicrobial screening indicated that the hexane extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Klebsiela pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract was active on all the test organisms. The ethyl acetate extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. This indicated that the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves can serve as potential antibiotics in ethno medicines.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves
AU  - Uzama Danlami
AU  - Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia
AU  - Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi
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PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
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EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The Agar well diffusion method was adopted in carrying out the antimicrobial screening. The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, resins and volatile oils in hexane extract; saponins, alkaloids, tannins and balsams in ethanolic extract and tannins, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils in ethyl acetate extract. The antimicrobial screening indicated that the hexane extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Klebsiela pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract was active on all the test organisms. The ethyl acetate extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. This indicated that the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves can serve as potential antibiotics in ethno medicines.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Uzama Danlami

Chemistry Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia

Department of Forestry and Environmental Management, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria
Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi

Chemistry Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria

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APA Style

Uzama Danlami, Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia, Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi. (2017). Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(3), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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ACS Style

Uzama Danlami; Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia; Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi. Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2017, 3(3), 29-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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AMA Style

Uzama Danlami, Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia, Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi. Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves. Int J Pharm Chem. 2017;3(3):29-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11,
  author = {Uzama Danlami and Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia and Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi},
  title = {Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {29-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20170303.11},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The Agar well diffusion method was adopted in carrying out the antimicrobial screening. The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, resins and volatile oils in hexane extract; saponins, alkaloids, tannins and balsams in ethanolic extract and tannins, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils in ethyl acetate extract. The antimicrobial screening indicated that the hexane extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Klebsiela pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract was active on all the test organisms. The ethyl acetate extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. This indicated that the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves can serve as potential antibiotics in ethno medicines.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic, Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Spigelia Anthelmia Leaves
AU  - Uzama Danlami
AU  - Osuagwu Eberechi Cecilia
AU  - Osuagwu Magnus Ifeanyi
Y1  - 2017/05/06
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 29
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170303.11
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The Agar well diffusion method was adopted in carrying out the antimicrobial screening. The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, resins and volatile oils in hexane extract; saponins, alkaloids, tannins and balsams in ethanolic extract and tannins, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils in ethyl acetate extract. The antimicrobial screening indicated that the hexane extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Klebsiela pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract was active on all the test organisms. The ethyl acetate extract was active on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas ariginosa but inactive on staphylococcus aureus. This indicated that the hexane, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Spigelia anthelmia leaves can serve as potential antibiotics in ethno medicines.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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