Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon)

Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse; Aguiza Abai Emmanuel; Dobe Narcisse; Agbor Yanick Eta; Ombolo Auguste

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

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Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon)

Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse^*

, Aguiza Abai Emmanuel^*

, Dobe Narcisse

, Agbor Yanick Eta

, Ombolo Auguste

Published in International Journal of Sustainable Development Research (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 18 March 2025 Accepted: 19 April 2025 Published: 9 May 2025

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Abstract

The crisis of access to water is becoming increasingly worrying, requiring the exploration of sustainable solutions. In this context, recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are emerging as promising alternatives. The aim of this study is to implement a tertiary treatment system at the Camp SIC Cité-Verte wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater so that it can be safely reused to flush toilets. The methodological approach adopted includes sampling treated wastewater followed by laboratory analysis, then the design and implementation of a tertiary treatment system. A survey is then carried out among a sample of the local population to gather their opinions on the project. Analyses of the treated wastewater revealed the presence of certain contaminants requiring additional treatment. Tests on a pilot prototype validated the system's effectiveness, with a turbidity reduction rate of 80.95% after coagulation-decantation and 90.48% after sand filtration, followed by an 88.88% reduction in suspended solids. In addition, total elimination of bacterial loads was achieved with a free chlorine level of 0.73 mg/L to prevent occasional contamination. This study highlights the project's significant potential to contribute to sustainable water management.

Published in	International Journal of Sustainable Development Research (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
Page(s)	105-114
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wastewater Recycling, Reuse, Cité-Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant, Yaounde

References

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APA Style

Clarisse, M. M. A., Aguiza Abai Emmanuel, Dobe Narcisse, Agbor Yanick Eta, Ombolo Auguste. (2025). Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon). International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 11(2), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

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ACS Style

Clarisse, M. M. A.; Aguiza Abai Emmanuel; Dobe Narcisse; Agbor Yanick Eta; Ombolo Auguste. Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon). Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Res. 2025, 11(2), 105-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

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AMA Style

Clarisse MMA, Aguiza Abai Emmanuel, Dobe Narcisse, Agbor Yanick Eta, Ombolo Auguste. Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon). Int J Sustain Dev Res. 2025;11(2):105-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15,
  author = {Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse and Aguiza Abai Emmanuel and Dobe Narcisse and Agbor Yanick Eta and Ombolo Auguste},
  title = {Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon)
},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105-114},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20251102.15},
  abstract = {The crisis of access to water is becoming increasingly worrying, requiring the exploration of sustainable solutions. In this context, recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are emerging as promising alternatives. The aim of this study is to implement a tertiary treatment system at the Camp SIC Cité-Verte wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater so that it can be safely reused to flush toilets. The methodological approach adopted includes sampling treated wastewater followed by laboratory analysis, then the design and implementation of a tertiary treatment system. A survey is then carried out among a sample of the local population to gather their opinions on the project. Analyses of the treated wastewater revealed the presence of certain contaminants requiring additional treatment. Tests on a pilot prototype validated the system's effectiveness, with a turbidity reduction rate of 80.95% after coagulation-decantation and 90.48% after sand filtration, followed by an 88.88% reduction in suspended solids. In addition, total elimination of bacterial loads was achieved with a free chlorine level of 0.73 mg/L to prevent occasional contamination. This study highlights the project's significant potential to contribute to sustainable water management.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon)

AU  - Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse
AU  - Aguiza Abai Emmanuel
AU  - Dobe Narcisse
AU  - Agbor Yanick Eta
AU  - Ombolo Auguste
Y1  - 2025/05/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research
SP  - 105
EP  - 114
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1832
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
AB  - The crisis of access to water is becoming increasingly worrying, requiring the exploration of sustainable solutions. In this context, recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are emerging as promising alternatives. The aim of this study is to implement a tertiary treatment system at the Camp SIC Cité-Verte wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater so that it can be safely reused to flush toilets. The methodological approach adopted includes sampling treated wastewater followed by laboratory analysis, then the design and implementation of a tertiary treatment system. A survey is then carried out among a sample of the local population to gather their opinions on the project. Analyses of the treated wastewater revealed the presence of certain contaminants requiring additional treatment. Tests on a pilot prototype validated the system's effectiveness, with a turbidity reduction rate of 80.95% after coagulation-decantation and 90.48% after sand filtration, followed by an 88.88% reduction in suspended solids. In addition, total elimination of bacterial loads was achieved with a free chlorine level of 0.73 mg/L to prevent occasional contamination. This study highlights the project's significant potential to contribute to sustainable water management.

VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse

Department of Industrial Security, Quality and Environment, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaele, Cameroon

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9453-9021
Aguiza Abai Emmanuel

Department of Industrial Security, Quality and Environment, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaele, Cameroon

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0202-3070
Dobe Narcisse

Department of Fundamental Science, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaele, Cameroon

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-5078
Agbor Yanick Eta

Service and Construction Company (SOPREC Sarl), Yaounde, Cameroon

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5735-4069
Ombolo Auguste

Department of Rural Engineering, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Forestry, Water and Environment, University of Ebolowa, Ebolowa, Cameroon

Contact Email

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Clarisse, M. M. A., Aguiza Abai Emmanuel, Dobe Narcisse, Agbor Yanick Eta, Ombolo Auguste. (2025). Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon). International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 11(2), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

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ACS Style

Clarisse, M. M. A.; Aguiza Abai Emmanuel; Dobe Narcisse; Agbor Yanick Eta; Ombolo Auguste. Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon). Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Res. 2025, 11(2), 105-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

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AMA Style

Clarisse MMA, Aguiza Abai Emmanuel, Dobe Narcisse, Agbor Yanick Eta, Ombolo Auguste. Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon). Int J Sustain Dev Res. 2025;11(2):105-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15,
  author = {Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse and Aguiza Abai Emmanuel and Dobe Narcisse and Agbor Yanick Eta and Ombolo Auguste},
  title = {Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon)
},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105-114},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20251102.15},
  abstract = {The crisis of access to water is becoming increasingly worrying, requiring the exploration of sustainable solutions. In this context, recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are emerging as promising alternatives. The aim of this study is to implement a tertiary treatment system at the Camp SIC Cité-Verte wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater so that it can be safely reused to flush toilets. The methodological approach adopted includes sampling treated wastewater followed by laboratory analysis, then the design and implementation of a tertiary treatment system. A survey is then carried out among a sample of the local population to gather their opinions on the project. Analyses of the treated wastewater revealed the presence of certain contaminants requiring additional treatment. Tests on a pilot prototype validated the system's effectiveness, with a turbidity reduction rate of 80.95% after coagulation-decantation and 90.48% after sand filtration, followed by an 88.88% reduction in suspended solids. In addition, total elimination of bacterial loads was achieved with a free chlorine level of 0.73 mg/L to prevent occasional contamination. This study highlights the project's significant potential to contribute to sustainable water management.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater: The Case of Water from the Camp SIC of Cité Verte Wastewater Treatment Plant (Yaounde-Cameroon)

AU  - Monde Mbouombouo Aïcha Clarisse
AU  - Aguiza Abai Emmanuel
AU  - Dobe Narcisse
AU  - Agbor Yanick Eta
AU  - Ombolo Auguste
Y1  - 2025/05/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research
SP  - 105
EP  - 114
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1832
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20251102.15
AB  - The crisis of access to water is becoming increasingly worrying, requiring the exploration of sustainable solutions. In this context, recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are emerging as promising alternatives. The aim of this study is to implement a tertiary treatment system at the Camp SIC Cité-Verte wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater so that it can be safely reused to flush toilets. The methodological approach adopted includes sampling treated wastewater followed by laboratory analysis, then the design and implementation of a tertiary treatment system. A survey is then carried out among a sample of the local population to gather their opinions on the project. Analyses of the treated wastewater revealed the presence of certain contaminants requiring additional treatment. Tests on a pilot prototype validated the system's effectiveness, with a turbidity reduction rate of 80.95% after coagulation-decantation and 90.48% after sand filtration, followed by an 88.88% reduction in suspended solids. In addition, total elimination of bacterial loads was achieved with a free chlorine level of 0.73 mg/L to prevent occasional contamination. This study highlights the project's significant potential to contribute to sustainable water management.

VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download