The State of Rajasthan in India, has abundant reserves of Flaggy Limestone which yields Kotah Stone. It is very popular and widely known as best and most economical flaggy stone within country and abroad. The deposit of Kotah Stone is generally confined to 15mtr. in thickness. It is overlaid by a zone of non splittable limestone waste layers. This waste zone has increased from ‘0’ in 1945 to present 40 – 45mtr, oue to dipping rocks @ 7 – 15%. To a general estimate, over the years of mining some 550Mill. Ton of such waste has piled up in entire belt in form of man-made mountains. This has caused serious environmental problem beside economic hazard arising from its disposal and management. Beside reduction, recycling and utilization of quarry waste is perhaps the only solution for industrial survival. A serious effort has been made to utilize by recycling this waste for manufacturing normal Portland Cement. This waste having low in CaO 38% and high in Silica 23% needed beneficiation. Exhaustive test and studies on wet beneficiation have established that it is technically feasible to enrich the CaO to 44% and reduce Silica to 12-33%, a feed product most suitable for manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement of 53% grade. ACC Madukkarai cement plant had conducted beneficiation studies in 2004-17 on its low grade limestone containing 43℅ CaO and 18℅Silica to use the concentrate as additive to normal raw material to cement plant. Present paper highlights the various activities of the project in manufacturing cement using concentrate after beneficiation of much low grade limestone. The technique suggested and cost of beneficiation vis-vis environmental merits of the project have been discussed.
| Published in | Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12 |
| Page(s) | 19-24 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Kotah Stone, Quarry Waste, Recycling, Grinding, Beneficiation, Clinker, Portland Cement
| [1] | Agarwal. S. C."Innovating a Clean Technology for Mining Kotah Stone and Sharing to Gains," pp 687-701, First World Mining Environment Congress, Dec 11-14 ND India. |
| [2] | Test Report from National Institute of Rock Mechanics, CSIR, GOI. |
| [3] | Beneficiation Studies on Low Grade Limestone from Kotah Stone Mines: IMMT, (CSIR) GOI. |
| [4] | Chemical Engineering's Handbook, Robert H. Perry/Cecil H. Chilton, Froth Floatation, P-65-69, P-17-29, 3. |
| [5] | Principles of Mineral Dressing, by A. M. Gaudin, McGraw - Hill Book Co., Inc New-York. |
| [6] | "Gaudin, Floatation", 2nd Ed; McGraw-Hill New York 1957. |
| [7] | Sutherland and Work, "Principles of Floatation" Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourn. |
| [8] | Handbook of Mineral Dressing, Willey, New York. |
| [9] | Miller Benjamin L, and Charles H, Breerwood: Floatation Processing of Limestone, Am. Inst. Mining and Metallurgy Engr, Tech. Pub. 606. |
| [10] | Rabone Philip: "Floatation Plant Practice" Mining Publication LTD, London, pp 79-99 and pp 100-106. |
| [11] | Taggart, Arthur F: Floatation Reagents, Trans. Am. Inst. Mining Met. Engrs 79, 40-49. |
| [12] | Froth Flotation "59th Anniversary Volume, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Engineering, New York, 1962. |
| [13] | Studies on Clinkerisation and Manuacturing Portland Cement from Concentrate obtained after Beneficiation of Low Grade Limestone from Kotah Stone Waste: NCCBM: CSIR, GOI. |
| [14] | The Cement Manufacturing Process: Darrell Leetham, USA, 08.20. 2015. |
| [15] | Manufacture of Cement- Material & Manufacturing Process of Portland Cement, - The Constructor", Civil Engg Home. |
| [16] | Training Program on Manufacturing, for Overseas Cement Plant; NCCBM, CSIR, GOI. |
| [17] | Cement Formulae Handbook: CMA, version -2 May 2010. |
| [18] | B. P. Ravi, S. J. G. Krishna & 4 others, Beneficiation of low grade lime stone from Madukkarai, Coimbatore, District-Tamilnadu, India-IJMPEM, 2017, 2 (1): 1-6. |
APA Style
Satish Chand Agarwal. (2019). Recycling of Kotah Stone Quarry Waste and Manufacturing Normal Portland Cement: A Conceptual Technology of Future. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 3(2), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12
ACS Style
Satish Chand Agarwal. Recycling of Kotah Stone Quarry Waste and Manufacturing Normal Portland Cement: A Conceptual Technology of Future. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 19-24. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12
AMA Style
Satish Chand Agarwal. Recycling of Kotah Stone Quarry Waste and Manufacturing Normal Portland Cement: A Conceptual Technology of Future. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2019;3(2):19-24. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12,
author = {Satish Chand Agarwal},
title = {Recycling of Kotah Stone Quarry Waste and Manufacturing Normal Portland Cement: A Conceptual Technology of Future},
journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {19-24},
doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20190302.12},
abstract = {The State of Rajasthan in India, has abundant reserves of Flaggy Limestone which yields Kotah Stone. It is very popular and widely known as best and most economical flaggy stone within country and abroad. The deposit of Kotah Stone is generally confined to 15mtr. in thickness. It is overlaid by a zone of non splittable limestone waste layers. This waste zone has increased from ‘0’ in 1945 to present 40 – 45mtr, oue to dipping rocks @ 7 – 15%. To a general estimate, over the years of mining some 550Mill. Ton of such waste has piled up in entire belt in form of man-made mountains. This has caused serious environmental problem beside economic hazard arising from its disposal and management. Beside reduction, recycling and utilization of quarry waste is perhaps the only solution for industrial survival. A serious effort has been made to utilize by recycling this waste for manufacturing normal Portland Cement. This waste having low in CaO 38% and high in Silica 23% needed beneficiation. Exhaustive test and studies on wet beneficiation have established that it is technically feasible to enrich the CaO to 44% and reduce Silica to 12-33%, a feed product most suitable for manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement of 53% grade. ACC Madukkarai cement plant had conducted beneficiation studies in 2004-17 on its low grade limestone containing 43℅ CaO and 18℅Silica to use the concentrate as additive to normal raw material to cement plant. Present paper highlights the various activities of the project in manufacturing cement using concentrate after beneficiation of much low grade limestone. The technique suggested and cost of beneficiation vis-vis environmental merits of the project have been discussed.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Recycling of Kotah Stone Quarry Waste and Manufacturing Normal Portland Cement: A Conceptual Technology of Future AU - Satish Chand Agarwal Y1 - 2019/10/31 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12 DO - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12 T2 - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering JF - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering JO - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2640-267X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20190302.12 AB - The State of Rajasthan in India, has abundant reserves of Flaggy Limestone which yields Kotah Stone. It is very popular and widely known as best and most economical flaggy stone within country and abroad. The deposit of Kotah Stone is generally confined to 15mtr. in thickness. It is overlaid by a zone of non splittable limestone waste layers. This waste zone has increased from ‘0’ in 1945 to present 40 – 45mtr, oue to dipping rocks @ 7 – 15%. To a general estimate, over the years of mining some 550Mill. Ton of such waste has piled up in entire belt in form of man-made mountains. This has caused serious environmental problem beside economic hazard arising from its disposal and management. Beside reduction, recycling and utilization of quarry waste is perhaps the only solution for industrial survival. A serious effort has been made to utilize by recycling this waste for manufacturing normal Portland Cement. This waste having low in CaO 38% and high in Silica 23% needed beneficiation. Exhaustive test and studies on wet beneficiation have established that it is technically feasible to enrich the CaO to 44% and reduce Silica to 12-33%, a feed product most suitable for manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement of 53% grade. ACC Madukkarai cement plant had conducted beneficiation studies in 2004-17 on its low grade limestone containing 43℅ CaO and 18℅Silica to use the concentrate as additive to normal raw material to cement plant. Present paper highlights the various activities of the project in manufacturing cement using concentrate after beneficiation of much low grade limestone. The technique suggested and cost of beneficiation vis-vis environmental merits of the project have been discussed. VL - 3 IS - 2 ER -
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