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Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902

Received: 11 January 2024     Accepted: 22 February 2024     Published: 30 May 2024
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Abstract

Objective: In order to control malaria through the reduction of Plasmodium spp vector populations, a study of the sensibility of A. gambiae ss stage II and IV larvae to V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica essential oils was carried out as well as their combined effect evaluated in the University of Ngaoundere, Adamawa region Cameroon from january to february 2020. Methodology: The tests consisted in evaluating the mortality of A. gambiae ss larvae in the presence of diluted solutions of the essential oils following a WHO (2005) methodology. Results: Bioassays revealed that the essential oils of both plants have remarkable insecticidal properties. At 250ppm, essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica induced 100% mortality of stage II larvae after 18h of exposure. In stage IV larvae, the same concentration killed 100% of the larvae after 24h of exposure. The combined effect of the essential oils of the two plants on stage II and IV larvae of A. gambiae ss varied according to the proportion of combination made. In stage II larvae, the combination of V. heterophylla 50% and X. aetiopica 50% essential oils showed better efficacy (LC50=42.62ppm; LH50=03hr23min27sec), followed by that of V. heterophylla 25% and X. aetiopica 75% (LC50=44.24ppm; LH50=03hr31min21sec) and that of V. heterophylla 75% and X. aetiopica 25% (LC50=53.66ppm; LH50=05hr07min59sec). A similar trend was observed in stage IV larvae. Conclusion and application: In sum, due to their proven insecticidal properties against A. gambiae ss, the combination of essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica should be highly recommended for the development of natural biocides.

Published in Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12
Page(s) 29-39
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anopheles gambiae ss, Essential Oils, Vepris heterophylla, Xylopia aetiopica, Combined Effects, Cameroon

References
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    Ndawakai, N., Théophile, B., Pierre, S., Elias, N. N. (2024). Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 10(2), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12

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    ACS Style

    Ndawakai, N.; Théophile, B.; Pierre, S.; Elias, N. N. Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2024, 10(2), 29-39. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12

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    AMA Style

    Ndawakai N, Théophile B, Pierre S, Elias NN. Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902. J Dis Med Plants. 2024;10(2):29-39. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12,
      author = {Ndevenna Ndawakai and Bouba Théophile and Saotoing Pierre and Nukenine Nchiwan Elias},
      title = {Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902
    },
      journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {29-39},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20241002.12},
      abstract = {Objective: In order to control malaria through the reduction of Plasmodium spp vector populations, a study of the sensibility of A. gambiae ss stage II and IV larvae to V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica essential oils was carried out as well as their combined effect evaluated in the University of Ngaoundere, Adamawa region Cameroon from january to february 2020. Methodology: The tests consisted in evaluating the mortality of A. gambiae ss larvae in the presence of diluted solutions of the essential oils following a WHO (2005) methodology. Results: Bioassays revealed that the essential oils of both plants have remarkable insecticidal properties. At 250ppm, essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica induced 100% mortality of stage II larvae after 18h of exposure. In stage IV larvae, the same concentration killed 100% of the larvae after 24h of exposure. The combined effect of the essential oils of the two plants on stage II and IV larvae of A. gambiae ss varied according to the proportion of combination made. In stage II larvae, the combination of V. heterophylla 50% and X. aetiopica 50% essential oils showed better efficacy (LC50=42.62ppm; LH50=03hr23min27sec), followed by that of V. heterophylla 25% and X. aetiopica 75% (LC50=44.24ppm; LH50=03hr31min21sec) and that of V. heterophylla 75% and X. aetiopica 25% (LC50=53.66ppm; LH50=05hr07min59sec). A similar trend was observed in stage IV larvae. Conclusion and application: In sum, due to their proven insecticidal properties against A. gambiae ss, the combination of essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica should be highly recommended for the development of natural biocides.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902
    
    AU  - Ndevenna Ndawakai
    AU  - Bouba Théophile
    AU  - Saotoing Pierre
    AU  - Nukenine Nchiwan Elias
    Y1  - 2024/05/30
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12
    T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
    JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
    JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
    SP  - 29
    EP  - 39
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8210
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20241002.12
    AB  - Objective: In order to control malaria through the reduction of Plasmodium spp vector populations, a study of the sensibility of A. gambiae ss stage II and IV larvae to V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica essential oils was carried out as well as their combined effect evaluated in the University of Ngaoundere, Adamawa region Cameroon from january to february 2020. Methodology: The tests consisted in evaluating the mortality of A. gambiae ss larvae in the presence of diluted solutions of the essential oils following a WHO (2005) methodology. Results: Bioassays revealed that the essential oils of both plants have remarkable insecticidal properties. At 250ppm, essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica induced 100% mortality of stage II larvae after 18h of exposure. In stage IV larvae, the same concentration killed 100% of the larvae after 24h of exposure. The combined effect of the essential oils of the two plants on stage II and IV larvae of A. gambiae ss varied according to the proportion of combination made. In stage II larvae, the combination of V. heterophylla 50% and X. aetiopica 50% essential oils showed better efficacy (LC50=42.62ppm; LH50=03hr23min27sec), followed by that of V. heterophylla 25% and X. aetiopica 75% (LC50=44.24ppm; LH50=03hr31min21sec) and that of V. heterophylla 75% and X. aetiopica 25% (LC50=53.66ppm; LH50=05hr07min59sec). A similar trend was observed in stage IV larvae. Conclusion and application: In sum, due to their proven insecticidal properties against A. gambiae ss, the combination of essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica should be highly recommended for the development of natural biocides.
    
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

  • Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

  • Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

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