Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna

Hassan Belaid

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

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Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna

Hassan Belaid^*

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 1)

Received: 17 December 2024 Accepted: 8 January 2025 Published: 6 February 2025

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Abstract

In this paper, we present a Nested hexagonal shaped split-ring resonator based negative epsilon metamaterials layered on 11 mm × 10 mm × 1.524 mm Rogers RO4350B dielectric substrate and designed to enhance the performance of multiband satellite antennas. Simulations using CST electromagnetic software show that the NH-SRR metamaterial manifests seven distinct resonance frequencies of S21spectrum at 2.37, 3.92, 5.4, 7.71, 8.58, 9.73 and 10.94 GHz, spanning S, C, and X-bands. The unit cell yields an effective medium ratio (EMR) of 12.66 and an electrical dimension of 0.087λ × 0.079λ when calculated at 2.37 GHz, which implies the effectiveness and compactness of the NH-SRR shaped metamaterial. The simulated outcomes also revealed that negative electric permittivity (є) response is attained within 4.16-5.75 GHz, 10.16-11.58 GHz and 14.46-16 GHz, with Near-Zero permeability property near the resonance frequencies. Our methodology involves using multiple electromagnetic software tools, including CST, HFSS and COMSOL for simulation results and design validation. A detailed numerical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of using this metamaterial as array cover above a Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna on the performance metrics, demonstrated that the LPDA with metamaterial superstrate surpasses the conventional antenna in term of gain, return in loss and impedance matching, particularly at frequencies where negative permittivity and near-zero permeability properties are observed. These findings suggest that the NH-SRR metamaterial offers compactness, efficiency and scalability for applications in modern wireless communication and network systems.

Published in	Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
Page(s)	24-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COMSOL, CST, HFSS, Effective Medium Ratio (EMR), HFSS, Nested Hexagonal Shaped Resonators, Negative Epsilon Metamaterial, LPDA Antenna, Split Ring Resonator

References

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Belaid, H. (2025). Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 13(1), 24-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

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ACS Style

Belaid, H. Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2025, 13(1), 24-39. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

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AMA Style

Belaid H. Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna. J Electr Electron Eng. 2025;13(1):24-39. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13,
  author = {Hassan Belaid},
  title = {Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20251301.13},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present a Nested hexagonal shaped split-ring resonator based negative epsilon metamaterials layered on 11 mm × 10 mm × 1.524 mm Rogers RO4350B dielectric substrate and designed to enhance the performance of multiband satellite antennas. Simulations using CST electromagnetic software show that the NH-SRR metamaterial manifests seven distinct resonance frequencies of S21spectrum at 2.37, 3.92, 5.4, 7.71, 8.58, 9.73 and 10.94 GHz, spanning S, C, and X-bands. The unit cell yields an effective medium ratio (EMR) of 12.66 and an electrical dimension of 0.087λ × 0.079λ when calculated at 2.37 GHz, which implies the effectiveness and compactness of the NH-SRR shaped metamaterial. The simulated outcomes also revealed that negative electric permittivity (є) response is attained within 4.16-5.75 GHz, 10.16-11.58 GHz and 14.46-16 GHz, with Near-Zero permeability property near the resonance frequencies. Our methodology involves using multiple electromagnetic software tools, including CST, HFSS and COMSOL for simulation results and design validation. A detailed numerical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of using this metamaterial as array cover above a Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna on the performance metrics, demonstrated that the LPDA with metamaterial superstrate surpasses the conventional antenna in term of gain, return in loss and impedance matching, particularly at frequencies where negative permittivity and near-zero permeability properties are observed. These findings suggest that the NH-SRR metamaterial offers compactness, efficiency and scalability for applications in modern wireless communication and network systems.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna
AU  - Hassan Belaid
Y1  - 2025/02/06
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 24
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
AB  - In this paper, we present a Nested hexagonal shaped split-ring resonator based negative epsilon metamaterials layered on 11 mm × 10 mm × 1.524 mm Rogers RO4350B dielectric substrate and designed to enhance the performance of multiband satellite antennas. Simulations using CST electromagnetic software show that the NH-SRR metamaterial manifests seven distinct resonance frequencies of S21spectrum at 2.37, 3.92, 5.4, 7.71, 8.58, 9.73 and 10.94 GHz, spanning S, C, and X-bands. The unit cell yields an effective medium ratio (EMR) of 12.66 and an electrical dimension of 0.087λ × 0.079λ when calculated at 2.37 GHz, which implies the effectiveness and compactness of the NH-SRR shaped metamaterial. The simulated outcomes also revealed that negative electric permittivity (є) response is attained within 4.16-5.75 GHz, 10.16-11.58 GHz and 14.46-16 GHz, with Near-Zero permeability property near the resonance frequencies. Our methodology involves using multiple electromagnetic software tools, including CST, HFSS and COMSOL for simulation results and design validation. A detailed numerical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of using this metamaterial as array cover above a Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna on the performance metrics, demonstrated that the LPDA with metamaterial superstrate surpasses the conventional antenna in term of gain, return in loss and impedance matching, particularly at frequencies where negative permittivity and near-zero permeability properties are observed. These findings suggest that the NH-SRR metamaterial offers compactness, efficiency and scalability for applications in modern wireless communication and network systems.
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Hassan Belaid

National School of Applied Sciences (ENSATé), Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco

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http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5449-7947

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Belaid, H. (2025). Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 13(1), 24-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

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ACS Style

Belaid, H. Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2025, 13(1), 24-39. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

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AMA Style

Belaid H. Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna. J Electr Electron Eng. 2025;13(1):24-39. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13,
  author = {Hassan Belaid},
  title = {Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20251301.13},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present a Nested hexagonal shaped split-ring resonator based negative epsilon metamaterials layered on 11 mm × 10 mm × 1.524 mm Rogers RO4350B dielectric substrate and designed to enhance the performance of multiband satellite antennas. Simulations using CST electromagnetic software show that the NH-SRR metamaterial manifests seven distinct resonance frequencies of S21spectrum at 2.37, 3.92, 5.4, 7.71, 8.58, 9.73 and 10.94 GHz, spanning S, C, and X-bands. The unit cell yields an effective medium ratio (EMR) of 12.66 and an electrical dimension of 0.087λ × 0.079λ when calculated at 2.37 GHz, which implies the effectiveness and compactness of the NH-SRR shaped metamaterial. The simulated outcomes also revealed that negative electric permittivity (є) response is attained within 4.16-5.75 GHz, 10.16-11.58 GHz and 14.46-16 GHz, with Near-Zero permeability property near the resonance frequencies. Our methodology involves using multiple electromagnetic software tools, including CST, HFSS and COMSOL for simulation results and design validation. A detailed numerical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of using this metamaterial as array cover above a Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna on the performance metrics, demonstrated that the LPDA with metamaterial superstrate surpasses the conventional antenna in term of gain, return in loss and impedance matching, particularly at frequencies where negative permittivity and near-zero permeability properties are observed. These findings suggest that the NH-SRR metamaterial offers compactness, efficiency and scalability for applications in modern wireless communication and network systems.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nested Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial for Performance Enhancement in Multiband Antenna
AU  - Hassan Belaid
Y1  - 2025/02/06
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 24
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251301.13
AB  - In this paper, we present a Nested hexagonal shaped split-ring resonator based negative epsilon metamaterials layered on 11 mm × 10 mm × 1.524 mm Rogers RO4350B dielectric substrate and designed to enhance the performance of multiband satellite antennas. Simulations using CST electromagnetic software show that the NH-SRR metamaterial manifests seven distinct resonance frequencies of S21spectrum at 2.37, 3.92, 5.4, 7.71, 8.58, 9.73 and 10.94 GHz, spanning S, C, and X-bands. The unit cell yields an effective medium ratio (EMR) of 12.66 and an electrical dimension of 0.087λ × 0.079λ when calculated at 2.37 GHz, which implies the effectiveness and compactness of the NH-SRR shaped metamaterial. The simulated outcomes also revealed that negative electric permittivity (є) response is attained within 4.16-5.75 GHz, 10.16-11.58 GHz and 14.46-16 GHz, with Near-Zero permeability property near the resonance frequencies. Our methodology involves using multiple electromagnetic software tools, including CST, HFSS and COMSOL for simulation results and design validation. A detailed numerical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of using this metamaterial as array cover above a Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna on the performance metrics, demonstrated that the LPDA with metamaterial superstrate surpasses the conventional antenna in term of gain, return in loss and impedance matching, particularly at frequencies where negative permittivity and near-zero permeability properties are observed. These findings suggest that the NH-SRR metamaterial offers compactness, efficiency and scalability for applications in modern wireless communication and network systems.
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

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