Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan

SASAKI Koh; Takumi yamamoto; Kayoko Komatsu; Yuichi Ueno; Takashi Katsuta

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan

SASAKI Koh, Takumi yamamoto, Kayoko Komatsu, Yuichi Ueno, Takashi Katsuta

Published in Social Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Published: 20 February 2013

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Abstract

This study examines the recognition of life management and offers insight into the interpretation of benevolent sports activities following Japan’s March 2011 disaster. After the incident, people suspended all sports activities, but various benevolentsports activities were developed immediately in the damaged areas. By interviewing Japanese students (N=405), this descriptive study investigates the recognized human value structure of sports in a crisis situation by applying the social management concept of ‘time perspective’ and ‘hope’. The question asked to the participants was ‘What types of values do you recognize in Japanese benevolent sports activities to help the damaged society after the 2011 disaster?’ The participants ranked eighteen items (1 to 18) terminal and instrumental values. Next, cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was carried out to further explore the close relationships between the ordersof intimacyvalues within each value cluster. The results of the terminal values study suggest greatest recognition of (1)a world with the universal values of ‘happiness’ and ‘freedom’ and (2) the pursuit of a life with finite values of ‘a sense of accomplishment’ and ‘self-respect’. This clustering suggests the ontological commitmentto a dynamic balance of finite and universal values. The results of the instrumental values study suggest greatest recognition of the following human characteristics: (1) ‘courageous’ and ‘honest’ by inner motivation and altruistic dedication to virtue ethics and (2) ‘ambitious’ and ‘capable (of logical activism)’ for survival. Finally, a network analysis was performed to explore the centrality of the multi-value space in benevolent sportsactivities. Network analysis (graph theory) presentsthe holistic evaluation method for the positional functions of societal values and organization.

Published in	Social Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Human-Values, Sports, Cluster Analysis, Network Analysis

References

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[4]	D. L. Paulhus, and P. D. Trapnell, "Terror management theory: extended or overextended?" Psychological injury, 8(1), pp.40-43, 1997.
[5]	K. Sasaki,K, Descriptive societal-value structure and mapping approach on football: soccer & rugby union, 7th world congress on science & football, (Nagoya University, Japan) 2011.
[6]	R. Layared, "Happiness," The Penguin Press, 2005.
[7]	Japanese House of Councilors, "Research paper of happiness," 2009.
[8]	S. Fukuoka, "Dynamic equilibrium,"Kirakusya Japan, 2009.
[9]	H. S. Schwarts, "Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries," Advance in experimental social psychology, 25, pp.1-65, 1992.
[10]	H. S. Schwartz, and W. Bilsky, "Toward a universal psychological structure of human values," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), pp.550-562, 1987.
[11]	B. Loi,"Resolving ethical dilemmas," Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Inc.,2000.
[12]	P. Bonacich, andP. Lloyd, "Calculating status with negative relations,"Social networks, 26, pp.331-338, 2004.
[13]	T. M. J. Fruchterman, and E. M. Reingold, "Graph Drawing by Force-directedPlacement,"Software - Practice and Experience, 21(11), pp.1129-1164, 1991.
[14]	P. Eades, "A Heuristic for Graph Drawing," CongressusNumerantium,42(11), pp.149–160, 1984.
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[16]	K. Inoue, S. Shimozono, H. Yoshida,and H. Kurata, "Application of Approximate Pattern Matching in Two Dimensional Spaces to Grid Layout for Biochemical Network Maps,"PLoS ONE, 7(6): e37739, 2012.

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APA Style

SASAKI Koh, Takumi yamamoto, Kayoko Komatsu, Yuichi Ueno, Takashi Katsuta. (2013). Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan. Social Sciences, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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ACS Style

SASAKI Koh; Takumi yamamoto; Kayoko Komatsu; Yuichi Ueno; Takashi Katsuta. Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan. Soc. Sci. 2013, 2(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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AMA Style

SASAKI Koh, Takumi yamamoto, Kayoko Komatsu, Yuichi Ueno, Takashi Katsuta. Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan. Soc Sci. 2013;2(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11,
  author = {SASAKI Koh and Takumi yamamoto and Kayoko Komatsu and Yuichi Ueno and Takashi Katsuta},
  title = {Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20130201.11},
  abstract = {This study examines the recognition of life management and offers insight into the interpretation of benevolent sports activities following Japan’s March 2011 disaster. After the incident, people suspended all sports activities, but various benevolentsports activities were developed immediately in the damaged areas. By interviewing Japanese students (N=405), this descriptive study investigates the recognized human value structure of sports in a crisis situation by applying the social management concept of ‘time perspective’ and ‘hope’. The question asked to the participants was ‘What types of values do you recognize in Japanese benevolent sports activities to help the damaged society after the 2011 disaster?’ The participants ranked eighteen items (1 to 18) terminal and instrumental values. Next, cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was carried out to further explore the close relationships between the ordersof intimacyvalues within each value cluster. The results of the terminal values study suggest greatest recognition of (1)a world with the universal values of ‘happiness’ and ‘freedom’ and (2) the pursuit of a life with finite values of ‘a sense of accomplishment’ and ‘self-respect’. This clustering suggests the ontological commitmentto a dynamic balance of finite and universal values. The results of the instrumental values study suggest greatest recognition of the following human characteristics: (1) ‘courageous’ and ‘honest’ by inner motivation and altruistic dedication to virtue ethics and (2) ‘ambitious’ and ‘capable (of logical activism)’ for survival. Finally, a network analysis was performed to explore the centrality of the multi-value space in benevolent sportsactivities. Network analysis (graph theory) presentsthe holistic evaluation method for the positional functions of societal values and organization.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan
AU  - SASAKI Koh
AU  - Takumi yamamoto
AU  - Kayoko Komatsu
AU  - Yuichi Ueno
AU  - Takashi Katsuta
Y1  - 2013/02/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
T2  - Social Sciences
JF  - Social Sciences
JO  - Social Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-988X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
AB  - This study examines the recognition of life management and offers insight into the interpretation of benevolent sports activities following Japan’s March 2011 disaster. After the incident, people suspended all sports activities, but various benevolentsports activities were developed immediately in the damaged areas. By interviewing Japanese students (N=405), this descriptive study investigates the recognized human value structure of sports in a crisis situation by applying the social management concept of ‘time perspective’ and ‘hope’. The question asked to the participants was ‘What types of values do you recognize in Japanese benevolent sports activities to help the damaged society after the 2011 disaster?’ The participants ranked eighteen items (1 to 18) terminal and instrumental values. Next, cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was carried out to further explore the close relationships between the ordersof intimacyvalues within each value cluster. The results of the terminal values study suggest greatest recognition of (1)a world with the universal values of ‘happiness’ and ‘freedom’ and (2) the pursuit of a life with finite values of ‘a sense of accomplishment’ and ‘self-respect’. This clustering suggests the ontological commitmentto a dynamic balance of finite and universal values. The results of the instrumental values study suggest greatest recognition of the following human characteristics: (1) ‘courageous’ and ‘honest’ by inner motivation and altruistic dedication to virtue ethics and (2) ‘ambitious’ and ‘capable (of logical activism)’ for survival. Finally, a network analysis was performed to explore the centrality of the multi-value space in benevolent sportsactivities. Network analysis (graph theory) presentsthe holistic evaluation method for the positional functions of societal values and organization.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

SASAKI Koh

Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Takumi yamamoto

National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Japan
Kayoko Komatsu

Tokyo University of the arts, Tokyo, Japan
Yuichi Ueno

Ryutsu keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
Takashi Katsuta

Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan

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APA Style

SASAKI Koh, Takumi yamamoto, Kayoko Komatsu, Yuichi Ueno, Takashi Katsuta. (2013). Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan. Social Sciences, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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ACS Style

SASAKI Koh; Takumi yamamoto; Kayoko Komatsu; Yuichi Ueno; Takashi Katsuta. Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan. Soc. Sci. 2013, 2(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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AMA Style

SASAKI Koh, Takumi yamamoto, Kayoko Komatsu, Yuichi Ueno, Takashi Katsuta. Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan. Soc Sci. 2013;2(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11,
  author = {SASAKI Koh and Takumi yamamoto and Kayoko Komatsu and Yuichi Ueno and Takashi Katsuta},
  title = {Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20130201.11},
  abstract = {This study examines the recognition of life management and offers insight into the interpretation of benevolent sports activities following Japan’s March 2011 disaster. After the incident, people suspended all sports activities, but various benevolentsports activities were developed immediately in the damaged areas. By interviewing Japanese students (N=405), this descriptive study investigates the recognized human value structure of sports in a crisis situation by applying the social management concept of ‘time perspective’ and ‘hope’. The question asked to the participants was ‘What types of values do you recognize in Japanese benevolent sports activities to help the damaged society after the 2011 disaster?’ The participants ranked eighteen items (1 to 18) terminal and instrumental values. Next, cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was carried out to further explore the close relationships between the ordersof intimacyvalues within each value cluster. The results of the terminal values study suggest greatest recognition of (1)a world with the universal values of ‘happiness’ and ‘freedom’ and (2) the pursuit of a life with finite values of ‘a sense of accomplishment’ and ‘self-respect’. This clustering suggests the ontological commitmentto a dynamic balance of finite and universal values. The results of the instrumental values study suggest greatest recognition of the following human characteristics: (1) ‘courageous’ and ‘honest’ by inner motivation and altruistic dedication to virtue ethics and (2) ‘ambitious’ and ‘capable (of logical activism)’ for survival. Finally, a network analysis was performed to explore the centrality of the multi-value space in benevolent sportsactivities. Network analysis (graph theory) presentsthe holistic evaluation method for the positional functions of societal values and organization.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cognitive Societal Human Values of Sports: after the 2011 Disaster of Japan
AU  - SASAKI Koh
AU  - Takumi yamamoto
AU  - Kayoko Komatsu
AU  - Yuichi Ueno
AU  - Takashi Katsuta
Y1  - 2013/02/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
T2  - Social Sciences
JF  - Social Sciences
JO  - Social Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-988X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130201.11
AB  - This study examines the recognition of life management and offers insight into the interpretation of benevolent sports activities following Japan’s March 2011 disaster. After the incident, people suspended all sports activities, but various benevolentsports activities were developed immediately in the damaged areas. By interviewing Japanese students (N=405), this descriptive study investigates the recognized human value structure of sports in a crisis situation by applying the social management concept of ‘time perspective’ and ‘hope’. The question asked to the participants was ‘What types of values do you recognize in Japanese benevolent sports activities to help the damaged society after the 2011 disaster?’ The participants ranked eighteen items (1 to 18) terminal and instrumental values. Next, cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was carried out to further explore the close relationships between the ordersof intimacyvalues within each value cluster. The results of the terminal values study suggest greatest recognition of (1)a world with the universal values of ‘happiness’ and ‘freedom’ and (2) the pursuit of a life with finite values of ‘a sense of accomplishment’ and ‘self-respect’. This clustering suggests the ontological commitmentto a dynamic balance of finite and universal values. The results of the instrumental values study suggest greatest recognition of the following human characteristics: (1) ‘courageous’ and ‘honest’ by inner motivation and altruistic dedication to virtue ethics and (2) ‘ambitious’ and ‘capable (of logical activism)’ for survival. Finally, a network analysis was performed to explore the centrality of the multi-value space in benevolent sportsactivities. Network analysis (graph theory) presentsthe holistic evaluation method for the positional functions of societal values and organization.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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