Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake

Received: 2 November 2025     Accepted: 20 November 2025     Published: 7 January 2026
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Abstract

It is inevitable that the temperature at the braking pads is increasing during the braking phase. It not only reduces the friction coefficient of the pad but also affects the adhesion between the brake pad and the steel fixing plate, which can have a critical effect on the braking performance. To enhance the adhesion efficiency and reduce the amount of adhesive, this study has been conducted at the simulation of the coupled thermal-stress in the adhesive layer between the brake and the fixing plate during braking to determine the optimum adhesive layer structure. The simulation analysis was carried out using ABAQUS, a finite element analysis (FEA) software. The brake pad material is the carbon fiber-reinforced carbon and silicon carbide composite (C/C-SiC), high-performance friction material. As adhesives for adhesion of the brake pad and steel fixing plate, Araldite 2011 was coated on the inclined-check adhesive layer (with width of 7 mm and space of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm) and the analysis of thermal-stress simulation was carried out on the adhesive layer. The suitable spacing dimensions of adhesive layer which is thermo-mechanically stable saving adhesives were determined. The result is 4 mm (maximum Mises stress 47.6 MPa and saving 60% of adhesives).

Published in World Journal of Materials Science and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Braking, Adhesive Pattern, Coupled Thermal-Stress, Finite Element Analysis

References
[1] Ali Belhocine, Mostefa Bouchetara. (2012). Thermal analysis of a solid brake disc. Applied Thermal Engineering. 32.
[2] Nosa Idusuyi, Ijeoma Babajide. (2014). A Computational Study on the Use of an Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite and Aramid as Alternative Brake Disc and Brake Pad Material. Journal of Engineering Volume 2014. Article ID 494697.
[3] A. A. Yevtushenko, M. Kuciej. (2015). Modelling of the frictional heating in brake system with thermal resistance on a contact surface and convective cooling on a free surface of a pad. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 81.
[4] Faramarz Talati, Salman Jalalifar. (2009). Analysis of heat conduction in a disk brake system. Heat and Mass Transfer 45.
[5] A. A. Yevtushenko, P. Grzes. (2012). Axisymmetric FEA of temperature in a pad/disc brake system at temperature-dependent coefficients of friction and wear. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 39.
[6] A. A. Yevtushenko, A. Adamowicz, P. Grzes. (2013). Three-dimensional FE model for the calculation of temperature of a disc brake at temperature-dependent coefficients of friction. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 42.
[7] Manthan Vidiya1, Balbir Singh. (2017). Experimental and Numerical Thermal Analysis of Formula Student Racing Car Disc Brake Design. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 10(1).
[8] Ali Belhocine, Mostefa Bouchetara. (2012). Thermomechanical modelling of dry contacts in automotive disc brake. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 60.
[9] Shangwu Fan, Litong Zhang. (2010). Effect of braking speed on the tribiological properties of C/SiC aircraft brake materials. Composite Science and Technology 70(1-2).
[10] D. Meresse, S. Harmand. (2012). Experimental disc heat flux identification on a reduced scale braking system using the inverse heat conduction method. Applied Thermal Engineering 48.
[11] Naamane Benhassine, Ammar Haiahem. (2019). A comparative study of the transient thermomechanical behavior of friction of the ceramic brake discs: Temperature field effect. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33(1).
[12] Junsheng Qu, Wenjing Wang, Ziyu Dong, Wei Shan. (2022). Simulation Analysis and Verification of Temperature and Stress of Wheel-Mounted Brake Disc of High-Speed Train. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
[13] Alnaqi, Abdulwahab A, Barton, David C. (2014). Reduced scale thermal characterization of automotive disc brake. Applied Thermal Engineering 48.
[14] Huang, J. C, Krousgrill, C. M., and Bajaj, A. K. Modeling of automotive drum brakes for squeal and parameter sensitivity analysis. Journal of Sound and Vibration 289(1-2).
[15] Pooja Mhetre, Sharayu Ratnaparkhi. (2016). Assessing Geometry of the Adhesive Pattern for A brake Shoe Joint to Minimize Mass of the Adhesive. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 07.
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  • APA Style

    Jong, J. S., Jang, P. I., Jin, J. I., Song, C. H., Ri, K. I. (2026). Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake. World Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 3(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11

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    ACS Style

    Jong, J. S.; Jang, P. I.; Jin, J. I.; Song, C. H.; Ri, K. I. Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake. World J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2026, 3(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11

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    AMA Style

    Jong JS, Jang PI, Jin JI, Song CH, Ri KI. Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake. World J Mater Sci Technol. 2026;3(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11,
      author = {Ju Song Jong and Phyong Il Jang and Jun Il Jin and Chol Hyok Song and Kwang Il Ri},
      title = {Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake},
      journal = {World Journal of Materials Science and Technology},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjmst.20260301.11},
      abstract = {It is inevitable that the temperature at the braking pads is increasing during the braking phase. It not only reduces the friction coefficient of the pad but also affects the adhesion between the brake pad and the steel fixing plate, which can have a critical effect on the braking performance. To enhance the adhesion efficiency and reduce the amount of adhesive, this study has been conducted at the simulation of the coupled thermal-stress in the adhesive layer between the brake and the fixing plate during braking to determine the optimum adhesive layer structure. The simulation analysis was carried out using ABAQUS, a finite element analysis (FEA) software. The brake pad material is the carbon fiber-reinforced carbon and silicon carbide composite (C/C-SiC), high-performance friction material. As adhesives for adhesion of the brake pad and steel fixing plate, Araldite 2011 was coated on the inclined-check adhesive layer (with width of 7 mm and space of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm) and the analysis of thermal-stress simulation was carried out on the adhesive layer. The suitable spacing dimensions of adhesive layer which is thermo-mechanically stable saving adhesives were determined. The result is 4 mm (maximum Mises stress 47.6 MPa and saving 60% of adhesives).},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake
    AU  - Ju Song Jong
    AU  - Phyong Il Jang
    AU  - Jun Il Jin
    AU  - Chol Hyok Song
    AU  - Kwang Il Ri
    Y1  - 2026/01/07
    PY  - 2026
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11
    T2  - World Journal of Materials Science and Technology
    JF  - World Journal of Materials Science and Technology
    JO  - World Journal of Materials Science and Technology
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 6
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 3070-1546
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11
    AB  - It is inevitable that the temperature at the braking pads is increasing during the braking phase. It not only reduces the friction coefficient of the pad but also affects the adhesion between the brake pad and the steel fixing plate, which can have a critical effect on the braking performance. To enhance the adhesion efficiency and reduce the amount of adhesive, this study has been conducted at the simulation of the coupled thermal-stress in the adhesive layer between the brake and the fixing plate during braking to determine the optimum adhesive layer structure. The simulation analysis was carried out using ABAQUS, a finite element analysis (FEA) software. The brake pad material is the carbon fiber-reinforced carbon and silicon carbide composite (C/C-SiC), high-performance friction material. As adhesives for adhesion of the brake pad and steel fixing plate, Araldite 2011 was coated on the inclined-check adhesive layer (with width of 7 mm and space of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm) and the analysis of thermal-stress simulation was carried out on the adhesive layer. The suitable spacing dimensions of adhesive layer which is thermo-mechanically stable saving adhesives were determined. The result is 4 mm (maximum Mises stress 47.6 MPa and saving 60% of adhesives).
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

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