Research Article
Thermodynamic Analysis in Brake Pad Adhesive Layer of the Disk Brake
Ju Song Jong,
Phyong Il Jang,
Jun Il Jin,
Chol Hyok Song,
Kwang Il Ri*
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-6
Received:
2 November 2025
Accepted:
20 November 2025
Published:
7 January 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.11
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Views:
Abstract: It is inevitable that the temperature at the braking pads is increasing during the braking phase. It not only reduces the friction coefficient of the pad but also affects the adhesion between the brake pad and the steel fixing plate, which can have a critical effect on the braking performance. To enhance the adhesion efficiency and reduce the amount of adhesive, this study has been conducted at the simulation of the coupled thermal-stress in the adhesive layer between the brake and the fixing plate during braking to determine the optimum adhesive layer structure. The simulation analysis was carried out using ABAQUS, a finite element analysis (FEA) software. The brake pad material is the carbon fiber-reinforced carbon and silicon carbide composite (C/C-SiC), high-performance friction material. As adhesives for adhesion of the brake pad and steel fixing plate, Araldite 2011 was coated on the inclined-check adhesive layer (with width of 7 mm and space of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm) and the analysis of thermal-stress simulation was carried out on the adhesive layer. The suitable spacing dimensions of adhesive layer which is thermo-mechanically stable saving adhesives were determined. The result is 4 mm (maximum Mises stress 47.6 MPa and saving 60% of adhesives).
Abstract: It is inevitable that the temperature at the braking pads is increasing during the braking phase. It not only reduces the friction coefficient of the pad but also affects the adhesion between the brake pad and the steel fixing plate, which can have a critical effect on the braking performance. To enhance the adhesion efficiency and reduce the amoun...
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Research Article
Extraction and Characterization of Essential Oils from Lemongrass and Artemisia absinthium for Perfume Formulation
Wabi Reggassa Boggale*
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
7-12
Received:
20 November 2025
Accepted:
2 December 2025
Published:
7 January 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjmst.20260301.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Perfume extraction is the process of isolating fragrant compounds from raw materials using methods like distillation, solvent extraction, expression, or enfleurage. In this work, essential oil, which is suitable for perfume formulation, is extracted from lemongrass with the help of solvent extraction method. The experiment was conducted by varying the time of extraction. The yield of oil was measured for samples produced by setting the extraction time at 4hr, 8hr and 10hr. The extracted essential oil was incorporated into a perfume formulation with the addition of a fixative and a carrier solvent. The Perfume preparation was done by taking different ratio of notes; these notes are top notes, middle note and base notes respectively. The highest yield I obtained from the experiment (0.83%) conducted for the time duration of 10hr from 70g of lemongrass. As time passes, the ethanol solvent evaporates, leaving the essential oil concentrated in the mixture. In this study the essential oil which was obtained for extraction time of 10hrs was characterized for properties such as boiling point, stain test and physical properties. The success of this work could stimulate the growth of the perfume industry and create job opportunities by utilizing locally available, low-cost raw materials.
Abstract: Perfume extraction is the process of isolating fragrant compounds from raw materials using methods like distillation, solvent extraction, expression, or enfleurage. In this work, essential oil, which is suitable for perfume formulation, is extracted from lemongrass with the help of solvent extraction method. The experiment was conducted by varying ...
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