-
Research Article
Determination of Chemical Constituents and Trace Elements in Ground Drinking Water Around Chiro Town, West Hararghe, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
77-83
Received:
15 October 2025
Accepted:
25 October 2025
Published:
19 December 2025
Abstract: This study evaluated the physicochemical quality of two drinking water samples collected from the Addis Ketema borewell and Arba Rakkatte, and designated as AK and AR, respectively, to evaluate their compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian Compulsory Standards (ECS) for potable water. Thirteen parameters were analyzed, including pH, total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS and TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), alkalinity, and selected trace metals (Mn, Ni, Fe, and Zn). The results showed that the pH values (6.92–7.01) were within the permissible range, while TDS (470–560mg/L) and TSS (0mg/L) indicated good mineral balance. The COD values were zero, suggesting the absence of organic pollution. However, total hardness values (382.08–418.56mg/L) slightly exceeded the Ethiopian limit (300mg/L), primarily due to high calcium and magnesium concentrations. All trace metal concentrations (Mn, Ni, Fe, Zn) were well below permissible limits, indicating negligible contamination from metallic sources. Overall, both samples met the essential WHO and ECS requirements, except for hardness, which categorizes the water as very hard but not harmful to health. The findings confirm that the water is safe for drinking and household use; nevertheless, mild softening treatment is recommended to improve domestic suitability.
Abstract: This study evaluated the physicochemical quality of two drinking water samples collected from the Addis Ketema borewell and Arba Rakkatte, and designated as AK and AR, respectively, to evaluate their compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian Compulsory Standards (ECS) for potable water. Thirteen parameters were analyzed, inc...
Show More
-
Research Article
Quantum Chemical Study of Methyl Substituent's Position on Quinoline for Inhibition of Aluminium Corrosion inHydrochloric Acid Solution
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
84-95
Received:
27 June 2025
Accepted:
14 July 2025
Published:
24 December 2025
Abstract: Quantum chemical study of some methylquinolines on inhibition of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid and effect of methyl group at 5, 7 and 8 position on quinoline was investigated theoretically with the aid of material studio using density functional theory (DFT). The simulations were performed by means of the DFT electronic program DMol3 using the Mulliken population analysis in the Material Studio. DMol3 permitted the analysis of the electronic structures and energies of molecules, solids and surfaces. The analysis of the quantum chemical parameters, the adsorption parameters form the simulation of the molecules, the Mulliken and Hirshfeld values of the fukui indices for the three molecules of the 5-MeQ, 7-MeQ and 8-MeQ indicated that all the three molecules exhibits high potential for inhibition of aluminium corrosion in HCl environment, with 5-MeQ being the best among all. The most popular parameters which play a prominent role are the eigen values of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the HOMO-LUMO gap (ΔE), chemical hardness and softness, electro-negativity and the number of electrons transferred from inhibitor molecule to the metal surface. All the molecules showed good corrosion inhibition tendency, however, 5-MeQ molecule gives better aluminium corrosion inhibition potential than other two molecules. The orientation of the Methyl substituent on the core quinoline was found to be responsible for intra-molecular intraction which leads to weaker attraction to the aluminium surface for the 7-MeQ and 8-MeQ molecules hence lower corrosion inhibition tendency than 5-MeQ molecule despite having the same molecular mass.
Abstract: Quantum chemical study of some methylquinolines on inhibition of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid and effect of methyl group at 5, 7 and 8 position on quinoline was investigated theoretically with the aid of material studio using density functional theory (DFT). The simulations were performed by means of the DFT electronic program DMol3 usi...
Show More
-
Review Article
Production of Potash from Green and Ripe Plantain Peels
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
96-103
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
21 July 2025
Published:
29 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjac.20251304.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Plantain peels are bulky rubbish in Man. However, Man households use chemical potasses to attenuate their sauces. The general aim of this study is to use plantain peels as a natural potash to attenuate the taste of certain Manx dishes. To achieve this objective, a preliminary survey was carried out on how potash is used in Man. Natural potash was manufactured after drying and incinerating plantain peels (green and ripe). The physico-chemical parameters of the potasses produced were determined. The survey revealed that 40% of the population uses chemical potasses. Determination of the physico-chemical parameters of the natural potasses produced enabled us to observe their alkaline nature and their richness in mineral salts. The potasses produced have potassium contents (24.53±0.45%-74.44±0.3%), calcium (0.07±0.2%-12.67±0.56%), iron (2.80±0.35- 3.01±0.45) and pH values (10.43 ± 0.68-10.45 ± 0.76). Potash based on green peel is the richest and most recommended. Processing plantain peels in the same way as natural potash would help to reduce waste.
Abstract: Plantain peels are bulky rubbish in Man. However, Man households use chemical potasses to attenuate their sauces. The general aim of this study is to use plantain peels as a natural potash to attenuate the taste of certain Manx dishes. To achieve this objective, a preliminary survey was carried out on how potash is used in Man. Natural potash was m...
Show More
-
Research Article
Separation of Tetrahydrocannabinol Fraction from Cannabis Indica Extracts by Chromatographic Method
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
104-112
Received:
18 June 2025
Accepted:
13 November 2025
Published:
29 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjac.20251304.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Cannabis indica contains a range of bioactive cannabinoids, among which tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the principal psychoactive compound with wide pharmacological applications. Optimizing extraction efficiency and purity is essential for both analytical and therapeutic uses. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two solvent extraction techniques reflux condensation and long-term soaking for isolating Δ9-THC from C. indica leaves. Sample A was prepared using a reflux condenser to promote solvent recirculation and maintain elevated extraction temperatures, while Sample B was obtained by soaking the plant material in solvent for seven days under ambient conditions. The extracted oils were characterized using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Physicochemical parameters including acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, and refractive index were determined through standard analytical methods. Additionally, qualitative assays were conducted to detect proteins, carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, gums, and mucilage. Comparative analysis revealed that the reflux-assisted extraction produced a higher yield and greater purity of Δ9-THC, with improved physicochemical stability compared to the soaking method. These results indicate that reflux condensation offers a more efficient and reproducible approach for cannabinoid extraction. The findings contribute to refining extraction methodologies and enhancing the quality of cannabinoid-based research and pharmaceutical formulations.
Abstract: Cannabis indica contains a range of bioactive cannabinoids, among which tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the principal psychoactive compound with wide pharmacological applications. Optimizing extraction efficiency and purity is essential for both analytical and therapeutic uses. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two solvent extractio...
Show More
,
Berhanu Amenu Abdeta
