Research Article
Synthesis of Ag: 4-Aminophenol: Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and 4AP: CD Inclusion Complexation at Different pH
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
16-27
Received:
11 March 2026
Accepted:
23 March 2026
Published:
10 April 2026
Abstract: Inclusion complexation of 4-aminophenol (4AP) with α-CD and β-CD at pH ~2, pH ~7, and pH ~11 was investigated using UV-visible, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, along with molecular modeling studies. Ag: 4AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, XRD, and 1H NMR analyses. Increasing CD concentrations induced dual emission in the excited state. The changes in emission intensity at pH ~7 and the structured emission observed at pH ~11 indicate the formation of excimers in the excited state, while ground-state dimers are not formed due to the ionization of amino and hydroxyl groups. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 4AP molecule. The geometrical restriction of the α-CD cavity likely limits the free rotation of the amino and hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the intensity of the IPT emission. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 4AP complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 4AP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of 40.4% carbon, 50.4% oxygen, and 9.2% silver in the nanomaterials. DSC, FTIR, XRD, and 1H NMR results collectively support the successful formation of Ag: 4AP: CD nanomaterials.
Abstract: Inclusion complexation of 4-aminophenol (4AP) with α-CD and β-CD at pH ~2, pH ~7, and pH ~11 was investigated using UV-visible, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, along with molecular modeling studies. Ag: 4AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, XRD, and 1H NMR analyses. Increasing CD conce...
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Research Article
Review on the USE of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroid Using Phytochemicals
Tenderwealth Clement Jackson
,
Bernard Opatimidi Patani,
Marian Onyeoma Melifonwu*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
28-33
Received:
28 July 2026
Accepted:
10 August 2026
Published:
15 September 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.nano.20261402.12
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Abstract: Uterine fibroids are the most prevalent gynecological disorder among reproductive-age women, with African American women experiencing the condition more frequently and with more severe symptoms than white women. Up to 70% of premenopausal women may develop fibroids by the age of 50, with symptoms that include abnormal uterine bleeding, prolonged and painful menstruation, pelvic pain, urinary problems, and, in some cases, infertility. The financial burden of managing uterine fibroids is substantial, and current pharmacological treatments are associated with hepatotoxicity and reduced bone density, while surgery remains the primary definitive treatment option. Given the growing interest in dietary phytochemicals and nanomedicine for the management of gynecological disease, this review examines the mechanisms of action of nanomedicine-based approaches with demonstrated efficacy against uterine fibroids. In various experimental models, natural compounds have demonstrated the ability to modulate key processes involved in fibroid initiation and growth, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Nanoparticles loaded with 2-methoxyestradiol and simvastatin have been shown to inhibit fibroid tumour growth in vivo in mouse models, suggesting considerable therapeutic promise. Nanoparticles have also been investigated for delivering magnetic hyperthermia to endometriotic tissue and show potential for hormone delivery, including transdermal hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. This review summarizes current research findings on nanoparticle, and nanotherapeutic-based treatments for uterine fibroids.
Abstract: Uterine fibroids are the most prevalent gynecological disorder among reproductive-age women, with African American women experiencing the condition more frequently and with more severe symptoms than white women. Up to 70% of premenopausal women may develop fibroids by the age of 50, with symptoms that include abnormal uterine bleeding, prolonged an...
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