Research Article
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients Received in Outpatient Clinic at Mame Abdou Aziz SY Dabakh Hospital in Tivaouane
Bachir Mansour Diallo*
,
Elhadji Daouda Diop,
AboubaKry Sow,
Serigne Souaibou Ba,
Kadoukpe BleckDonald Allagbe,
Stephane Bacourine,
Baye Demba Guene,
Hassim Bachir Diop,
Jean NoelDiokel Ndour,
Gnilane Diouf,
Tevi Salomon Lawson,
Desire Alain Affangla,
Papa Souleymane Toure
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
64-76
Received:
4 October 2025
Accepted:
14 October 2025
Published:
7 November 2025
Abstract: Introduction: High blood pressure is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. It considerably increases the risk of cardiovascular events through the involvement of well-defined target organs. The objective of this study was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic, and evolutionary aspects of arterial hypertension, and to assess the prevalence of other associated risk factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out at the level of the outpatient internal medicine and cardiology consultations of the Mame Abdou Aziz SY Dabakh Hospital in Tivaouane, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Patients aged 18 years or older and with hypertension treated and monitored for at least 6 months without an immediate threat to life were included. Patients with gestational hypertension and those who had expressed a refusal to participate in the study were not included. Results: During the study, 705 hypertensive patients out of 2192 were received, i.e. a prevalence of 32.16%. Of these, 110 patients were recruited, 8 non-included and 102 included. The average age was 61.3 ± 11.41 years with a predominance of the age group of 46 to 65 years which accounted for 52%. The female sex was predominant, accounting for 70.59%. 24.51% of patients had well-controlled blood pressure. The most prescribed therapeutic protocol was dual therapy accounting for 46.53%, followed by triple therapy (29.7%) and monotherapy (23.76%). Physical inactivity was the predominant risk factor accounting for 48.04%, followed by dyslipidemia (44.11%) and diabetes (37.25%). Stress was present in 38.23% of patients and obesity in 13.7%. Smoking accounted for 1.96% and a family history of cardiovascular disease was reported by 29.41% of patients. Cardiovascular complications were the most frequent, accounting for 68.61%, followed by renal complications (6.86%), and strokes (5.88%), all of which were ischaemic. The overall cardiovascular risk was low in 0.9% of cases, moderate in 41.2% of cases, and high in 57.9% of cases. Conclusion: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in rural areas is increasing and deserves special attention. A good knowledge of high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors is the key to prevention.
Abstract: Introduction: High blood pressure is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. It considerably increases the risk of cardiovascular events through the involvement of well-defined target organs. The objective of this study was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic, and evolutionary aspects of arterial hypertension, and to assess th...
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Research Article
Assessment of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Treated and Untreated Hypertensive Adults in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
77-88
Received:
19 October 2025
Accepted:
10 November 2025
Published:
19 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajim.20251305.12
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Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is a leading global health concern, characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress that drive a vicious cycle of vascular dysfunction, endothelial damage, and end-organ injury. Aim: This study evaluated serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among hypertensive adults in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to examine the variation in these biomarkers between untreated and treated hypertensive subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 150 participants aged 25-65 years, divided into three groups: 50 treated hypertensives on medication, 50 newly-diagnosed untreated hypertensives, and 50 normotensive controls. All participants underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Venous blood (5mL) was collected for the laboratory quantification of serum levels of inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxidative stress biomarkers: malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Results: Findings reveal that study participants were relatively age-matched across the groups. Our data show significantly elevated body mass index (BMI), MDA, CRP and TNF among the treated hypertensive subjects compared to both the untreated hypertensive and normotensive controls (p<0.05). Conversely, we observed significantly reduced levels of GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD among the treated and untreated hypertensive groups compared to the normotensive control (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that hypertension is characterised by chronic immuno-inflammatory dysregulation mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which drives endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. The persistence of these inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in treated patients underscores the need for adjunct antioxidant and immunomodulatory supplementation to improve vascular outcomes in hypertension.
Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is a leading global health concern, characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress that drive a vicious cycle of vascular dysfunction, endothelial damage, and end-organ injury. Aim: This study evaluated serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among hypertensive adults in Port Har...
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